question stringlengths 21 534 | choices listlengths 4 4 | correct_label stringclasses 4
values | answer stringlengths 20 211 | subject stringclasses 2
values | source stringclasses 3
values | metadata dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
When water changes to steam, energy is | [
"absorbed by the water",
"released by the water",
"conserved as the phase change occurs",
"changed to a different form"
] | A | absorbed by the water | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What kept the bat on course? | [
"luck",
"magic",
"snow",
"reflected sound waves"
] | D | reflected sound waves | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
A car rounds a banked curve of uniform radius. Three forces act on the car: a friction force between the tires and the road, the normal force from the road, and the weight of the car. Which provides the centripetal force which keeps the car in circular motion? | [
"the friction force alone",
"the normal force alone",
"the weight alone",
"a combination of the normal force and the friction force"
] | D | a combination of the normal force and the friction force | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Kinetic energy can be found in objects that move, such as | [
"flower pots on a wagon",
"cars that are in a lot",
"kids that are sleeping soundly",
"skateboards that are ridden all day"
] | D | skateboards that are ridden all day | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Yeast cells carry out both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. A yeast cell that is fed on glucose is moved from an aerobic to an anaerobic environment. Which of the following statements is correct and gives the correct reason for it? | [
"The cell dies because it cannot make ATP.",
"The cell would need to consume glucose at a much greater rate because aerobic respiration is much more efficient as compared with anaerobic respiration.",
"The cell would need to consume another food source other than glucose because it will not be able to make adeq... | B | The cell would need to consume glucose at a much greater rate because aerobic respiration is much more efficient as compared with anaerobic respiration. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Females with Turner's syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait. Based on this information, it can be inferred that females with this condition | [
"have an extra X chromosome",
"have an extra Y chromosome",
"lack an X chromosome",
"have red blood cells that clump"
] | C | lack an X chromosome | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
When the first tiny prokaryotic cell took up residence inside a larger prokaryotic cell, it heralded the advent of the eukaryotic cell and led to an explosion of new life on Earth. Since then, most cells on Earth have internal organelles. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of having internal membranes ... | [
"DNA can reproduce more efficiently.",
"Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function.",
"Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency.",
"Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly."
] | C | Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Webbed feet aid in what | [
"penguins laying eggs on ice",
"fish hiding in coral reefs",
"gulls dive bombing fish from the sea",
"ducks chasing prey underwater"
] | D | ducks chasing prey underwater | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
If a climate becomes colder over time | [
"bears that have sparse fur with thrive",
"bears that develop thin pelts will thrive",
"bears that carry little fat will thrive",
"bears that grow heavier pelt will survive"
] | D | bears that grow heavier pelt will survive | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
A very slow-moving positron interacts with a stationary electron. Which of the following statements correctly describes a possible outcome of this reaction and why it would occur? | [
"Conservation of mass indicates that if a single new particle were created in the reaction, it must have a total mass equal to the combined masses of the electron and positron.",
"Conservation of charge indicates that all new particles created in the reaction would have no electric charge.",
"Conservation of mo... | C | Conservation of momentum indicates that two identical gamma rays moving off in opposite directions could be created. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following statements about sidereal and solar days is not true? | [
"The time it takes for the Sun to make one circuit of our sky is one solar day.",
"A solar day is 4 minutes longer than a sidereal day.",
"A solar day represents more than 360° of rotation for the earth.",
"The time it takes for the Moon to make one circuit of our sky is one solar day."
] | D | The time it takes for the Moon to make one circuit of our sky is one solar day. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Another source of pollution may be | [
"throwing things in the ocean",
"buying a new solar panel",
"biking instead of driving the car",
"using old food as compost for the plants"
] | A | throwing things in the ocean | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Which of the following statements about the immune system is NOT correct? | [
"Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances.",
"Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity.",
"Innate immunity activates a humoral response.",
"Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells."
] | A | Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following is correct about vaccination? | [
"It increases the number of different receptors that recognize a particular pathogen.",
"It increases the number of different macrophages specific to the antigen.",
"It increases the number of epitopes that the immune system can recognize.",
"It increases the number of lymphocytes with receptors that can reco... | D | It increases the number of lymphocytes with receptors that can recognize and bind to the antigen. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which are all likely enabled by rock folding? | [
"oak trees, waterfalls, TVs",
"rivers, lightning bolts, fire",
"the Himalayas, spelunking, and valleys",
"cats, prairies, dogs, birds"
] | C | the Himalayas, spelunking, and valleys | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Seeds that stick in the fur of an animal | [
"will hitch a ride on that animal",
"will fall back off immediately",
"will sprout roots in the animal's fur",
"will be unable to regerminate"
] | A | will hitch a ride on that animal | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Planet X orbits its sun once every 100 Earth days and rotates in the prograde direction around its axis with a sidereal day of 100 Earth days. How long is a solar day on Planet X? | [
"About 10 earth days",
"About 100 earth days",
"About 200 earth days",
"There is no solar day Planet X is tidally locked"
] | D | There is no solar day Planet X is tidally locked | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
You cannot prepare a buffer by | [
"mixing a solution of a weak base with a strong acid",
"mixing a solution of a weak acid with a strong base",
"mixing a solution of a strong base with a strong acid",
"mixing a solution of a weak acid with its conjugate base"
] | C | mixing a solution of a strong base with a strong acid | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
During the time an aircraft produces a sonic boom the aircraft is | [
"breaking the sound barrier",
"pulling out of a subsonic dive",
"flying faster than sound",
"Each of these produces a sonic boom"
] | C | flying faster than sound | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Two people, one of mass 100 kg and the other of mass 50 kg, stand facing each other on an ice-covered (essentially frictionless) pond. If the heavier person pushes on the lighter one with a force F, then | [
"the force felt by the heavier person is (-1/2)F",
"the force felt by the person is -2F",
"the magnitude of the acceleration of the lighter person will be half of the magnitude of the acceleration of the heavier person",
"the magnitude of the acceleration of the lighter person will be twice the magnitude of t... | D | the magnitude of the acceleration of the lighter person will be twice the magnitude of the acceleration of the heavier person | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What is not true of Jupiter's magnetic field? | [
"it is about 20000 times stronger than Earth's magnetic field",
"it traps charged particles from Io's volcanoes in a \"plasma torus\" around the planet",
"it causes spectacular auroral displays at Jupiter's north and south poles",
"it switches polarity every 11 years"
] | D | it switches polarity every 11 years | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
All of the following are examples of hydrolysis EXCEPT | [
"conversion of fats to fatty acids and glycerol",
"conversion of proteins to amino acids",
"conversion of starch to simple sugars",
"conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA"
] | D | conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Melissa is creating a new product to quench people's thirst. She thinks it will be more popular if it is less flat. She decides to | [
"add more salt to the drink",
"add some dissolved carbon dioxide",
"shake up the drink bottles before shipping them to the stores",
"boil the drink in a large vat"
] | B | add some dissolved carbon dioxide | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
SO2Cl2 → SO2(g) + Cl2(g) At 600 K, SO2Cl2 will decompose to form sulfur dioxide and chlorine gas via the above equation. If the reaction is found to be first order overall, which of the following will cause an increase in the half life of SO2Cl2? | [
"Increasing the initial concentration of SO2Cl2",
"Increasing the temperature at which the reaction occurs",
"Decreasing the overall pressure in the container",
"None of these will increase the half life"
] | D | None of these will increase the half life | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? | [
"There is heritable variation among individuals.",
"Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.",
"Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.",
"Individuals whose characteristics are best suited to the environment generally leave more offspring than those whose characteristics ar... | B | Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Some of Mars'water is frozen in the soil and the ice caps and some was lost due to solar wind stripping but much of the original water is thought to have been lost through another mechanism. What happened to this "lost"water? | [
"it was stripped away by the magnetic field when it rapidly decreased in strength",
"it was broken into hydrogen and oxygen by ultraviolet light and the hydrogen was lost through thermal escape",
"it was consumed by a civilization of thirsty Martians",
"it was vaporized during a period of intense volcanism an... | B | it was broken into hydrogen and oxygen by ultraviolet light and the hydrogen was lost through thermal escape | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which is more accurate? | [
"an ant gets food from photosynthesis",
"a dog gets food from photosynthesis",
"a gorilla gets food from photosynthesis",
"a palm tree gets food from photosynthesis"
] | D | a palm tree gets food from photosynthesis | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
What elements do lipids primarily consist of? | [
"carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen",
"helium, hydrogen , and oxygen",
"iron, hydrogen , and oxygen",
"silicon, hydrogen , and oxygen"
] | A | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
The reaction A + B → C is catalyzed by enzyme K. If the reaction is in equilibrium, which of the following would allow more product C to be produced? | [
"removing some of reactant A",
"removing some of reactant C",
"adding more enzyme K",
"increasing the temperature of the system"
] | B | removing some of reactant C | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Leaves play an important role in photosynthesis by being | [
"a receptacle for solar energy",
"a receptacle for oxygen",
"a release point for carbon dioxide",
"a go between for the exchange of information"
] | A | a receptacle for solar energy | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
African lungfish often live in small, stagnant, freshwater pools. With reduced gills, they differ from other fish in that they breathe air. They also differ in that they release the nitrogen waste urea instead of ammonia. Which of the following statements correctly explains how this is an advantage for lungfish? | [
"Urea is insoluble in water and sinks to the bottom of the small pools. Thus the poisonous substance is isolated from the fish.",
"Ammonia, which is highly toxic, would endanger lungfish that inhabit the small pools.",
"Other fish in the small pools can use urea as an energy source.",
"The highly toxic urea m... | B | Ammonia, which is highly toxic, would endanger lungfish that inhabit the small pools. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following correctly lists the individual intermolecular attractive forces from the strongest to the weakest? | [
"Induced dipole < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bond",
"Hydrogen bond < dipole-dipole < induced dipole",
"Induced dipole < hydrogen bond < dipole-dipole",
"Dipole-dipole < hydrogen bond < induced dipole"
] | B | Hydrogen bond < dipole-dipole < induced dipole | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What kind of proteins either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes? | [
"master complex proteins",
"master regulatory proteins",
"perfect regulatory proteins",
"carbon proteins"
] | B | master regulatory proteins | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
A person standing on a horizontal floor is acted upon by two forces: the downward pull of gravity and the upward normal force of the floor. These two forces | [
"have equal magnitudes and form an action-reaction pair",
"have equal magnitudes and do not form an action-reaction pair",
"have unequal magnitudes and form an action-reaction pair",
"have unequal magnitudes and do not form an action-reaction pair"
] | B | have equal magnitudes and do not form an action-reaction pair | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Two identical containers are filled with different gases. Container 1 is filled with hydrogen and container 2 is filled with nitrogen. Each container is set on a lab table and allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with the room. Which of the following correctly compares the properties of the two gases? | [
"The average kinetic energy of the hydrogen gas is greater than the nitrogen gas.",
"The average force exerted on the container by the hydrogen gas is greater than the nitrogen gas.",
"The density of the hydrogen gas is less than the nitrogen gas.",
"The pressures of the gases cannot be compared without knowi... | D | The pressures of the gases cannot be compared without knowing the number of molecules in each container. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following statements about trypsin is NOT true? | [
"It is an organic compound made of proteins.",
"It is a catalyst that alters the rate of a reaction.",
"It is operative over a wide pH range.",
"The rate of catalysis is affected by the concentration of substrate."
] | C | It is operative over a wide pH range. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What increases the chances of someone inheriting a mitochondrial disease? | [
"presence of defect transgenic and undefected mtdna",
"presence of defect ornithopods and undefected mtdna",
"presence of defect mtdna and undefected mtdna",
"presence of defect transgenic and defect mtdna"
] | C | presence of defect mtdna and undefected mtdna | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
What is the significance of the 1:2:4 resonance in the Jupiter's moons system? | [
"The resonance pulls Io in different directions and generates heat.",
"It makes the orbit of Io slightly elliptical.",
"It creates a gap with no asteriods between the orbits.",
"It prevents formation of the ring material into other moons."
] | B | It makes the orbit of Io slightly elliptical. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Most transition metals share a common oxidation state of +2. Which of the following best explains why? | [
"Transition metals all have a minimum of two unpaired electrons.",
"Transition metals have unstable configurations and are very reactive.",
"Transition metals tend to gain electrons when reacting with other elements.",
"Transition metals will lose their outermost s-block electrons when forming bonds."
] | D | Transition metals will lose their outermost s-block electrons when forming bonds. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Stretching out from the equator is a wide belt of tropical rain forests that are being cut down to provide exotic woods for export to the U.S. and to make land available to graze beef cattle. Which of the following statements is a negative consequence of clear-cutting the tropical rain forests? | [
"Indigenous populations will have access to modern conveniences.",
"There will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas.",
"U.S. markets will have access to less expensive beef.",
"Deforestation will allow more sunlight to penetrate areas that were kept dark by dense vegetation."
] | B | There will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
The Krebs cycle in humans occurs in the | [
"mitochondrial matrix",
"inner mitochondrial membrane",
"outer mitochondrial membrane",
"intermembrane space"
] | A | mitochondrial matrix | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A person can stand outside on a cold day for hours without ill effect, but falling into a cold lake can kill a person in a matter of minutes. Which of the following is the primary reason for this phenomenon? | [
"The molecules of the person are, on average, moving faster than those of the surroundings.",
"Thermal energy moves from high concentration areas (hot) to low concentration areas (cold).",
"As heat flows out of the person and warms the fluid surrounding the person, the warmer fluid rises, allowing fresh cool fl... | D | Water has more molecules per volume than air, increasing molecular contact with the person. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A destroyed habitat can lead to | [
"raccoons losing their homes",
"birds migrating to the north",
"a boom in animal reproduction",
"hibernation of local bears"
] | A | raccoons losing their homes | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
what determines the number of body parts and organism is born with? | [
"survival of fittest",
"random chance",
"the organisms creators",
"natural predators"
] | C | the organisms creators | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
How did Eratosthenes estimate the size of Earth in 240 B.C.? | [
"By observing the duration of a solar eclipse.",
"By measuring the size of Earth's shadow on the Moon in a lunar eclipse.",
"By comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes at the same time on the same day.",
"By sending fleets of ships around Earth."
] | C | By comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes at the same time on the same day. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following statements best explains why Mendel's principle of segregation was deemed a law? | [
"Mendel's work with pea plants and his conclusions have been described in many sources.",
"The patterns of trait inheritance observed in pea plants were repeatedly demonstrated in other eukaryotes.",
"Chromosomes were found to contain the genetic information for traits.",
"The discovery of the structure of D ... | B | The patterns of trait inheritance observed in pea plants were repeatedly demonstrated in other eukaryotes. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Mars has an atmosphere that is almost entirely carbon dioxide.Why isn't there a strong greenhouse effect keeping the planet warm? | [
"the atmosphere on Mars is too thin to trap a significant amount of heat",
"There actually is a strong greenhouse effect and Mars would be 35oC colder than it is now without it.",
"Mars does not have enough internal heat to drive the greenhouse effect",
"the greenhouse effect requires an ozone layer which Mar... | A | the atmosphere on Mars is too thin to trap a significant amount of heat | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
In a hydraulic press operation, the output piston cannot | [
"move farther than the input piston",
"exceed the force input",
"exceed the input piston’s speed",
"produce increased energy"
] | D | produce increased energy | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
If a forest of fir, birch, and white spruce trees was devastated by fire, which of the following would most likely happen? | [
"Only animal life would continue to inhabit the region.",
"Secondary succession would begin to occur.",
"Only tough grasses would appear.",
"The number of species would stabilize as the ecosystem matures."
] | B | Secondary succession would begin to occur. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A certain reaction is nonspontaneous under standard conditions, but becomes spontaneous at higher temperatures. What conclusions may be drawn under standard conditions? | [
"ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 and ΔG = 0",
"ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0 and ΔG > 0",
"ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 and ΔG > 0",
"ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0 and ΔG > 0"
] | D | ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0 and ΔG > 0 | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following is a reduction half-reaction? (1) Cu2+ + e- → Cu+ (2) Cu+ + e- → Cu0 (3) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- | [
"1 only because copper(II) ions are reduced",
"3 only because the iron is reduced",
"1 and 2 because they both reduce copper ions",
"1 and 3 because they do not have insoluble ions"
] | C | 1 and 2 because they both reduce copper ions | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following most likely explains why Venus does not have a strong magnetic field? | [
"Its rotation is too slow.",
"It has too thick an atmosphere.",
"It is too large.",
"It does not have a metallic core."
] | A | Its rotation is too slow. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
As entropy in a system increases, energy in the system | [
"becomes more ordered",
"becomes less ordered",
"reaches equilibrium",
"moves toward destruction"
] | B | becomes less ordered | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Starting with a stock solution of 18.0 M H2SO4, what is the proper procedure to create a 1.00 L sample of a 3.0 M solution of H2SO4 in a volumetric flask? | [
"Add 167 mL of the stock solution to the flask, then fill the flask the rest of the way with distilled water while swirling the solution.",
"Add 600 mL of the stock solution to the flask, then fill the flask the rest of the way with distilled water while swirling the solution.",
"Fill the flask partway with wat... | C | Fill the flask partway with water, then add 167 mL of the stock solution, swirling to mix it. Last, fill the flask the rest of the way with distilled water. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to grow? | [
"a thing that flowers",
"a thing that goes around the Earth",
"a thing that flies in the sky",
"a thing that lives in caves"
] | A | a thing that flowers | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
What is an example of reproduction being a stage in the life cycle process? | [
"births can occur only after reproduction takes place",
"death is the last stage in the life cycle",
"reproduction mightn't guarantee a healthy life",
"life can end during reproduction"
] | A | births can occur only after reproduction takes place | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Why are Cepheid stars relevant for astronomers? | [
"To measure interstellar mass.",
"To measure galactic distances.",
"To measure galactic energy-density.",
"To measure interstellar density."
] | B | To measure galactic distances. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
The fluidity of the plasma membrane can vary in response to temperature changes. For bacteria and yeast cells, which of the following would be a viable strategy to maintain homeostasis of the plasma membrane in a temperature-varying environment? | [
"Increase the concentration of solutes in the cytosol.",
"Change the ratio of phospholipids with double covalent bonds in their tails to those without double covalent bonds in their tails.",
"Replace phospholipids with glucose molecules.",
"Exchange phospholipids from one side of the plasma membrane to the ot... | B | Change the ratio of phospholipids with double covalent bonds in their tails to those without double covalent bonds in their tails. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What do you need to do to make food ready for human consumption? | [
"throw it into the ocean",
"stomp on it with your feet",
"create a chemical reaction using a stove",
"walk to a cemetary"
] | C | create a chemical reaction using a stove | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) | [
"either S(s) or O2(g) will be completely used up",
"Q must be close to 1.0 since there is one mole of gas on each side of the equation",
"this reaction goes to completion",
"adding O2 will change the equilibrium constant"
] | B | Q must be close to 1.0 since there is one mole of gas on each side of the equation | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Of the following, the most important experimental information used to deduce the structure of the atom was | [
"the density of each element",
"the specific heat capacity",
"the emission spectrum of the elements, particularly hydrogen",
"the X-rays emitted from each element"
] | C | the emission spectrum of the elements, particularly hydrogen | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A drop off in predator population | [
"indicates a boom in animal reproduction",
"can indicate a drop off in frigid temperatures",
"indicates plentiful amounts of water",
"can indicate a nutrient insufficient environment"
] | D | can indicate a nutrient insufficient environment | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
What is the source of the material that causes meteor showers? | [
"Near-Earth asteroids gradually disintegrate and spread out along their orbital path. When the Earth passes through the orbit of an asteroid we are bombarded by sand-sized particles which cause a meteor shower.",
"Near-Earth asteroids disintegrate as they enter Earth's atmosphere creating hundreds of bright meteo... | D | The nuclei of comets gradually disintegrate and spread out along the comet's orbital path. When the Earth passes through the orbit of a comet we are bombarded by sand-sized particles which cause a meteor shower. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What type of carbon compound is methane? | [
"alternating compounds",
"dynamic organic compounds",
"stable compounds",
"volatile organic compounds"
] | D | volatile organic compounds | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
All of the following play an important role in regulating respiration in humans EXCEPT | [
"an increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood",
"a decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood",
"a decrease in the plasma pH level",
"strenuous exercise"
] | B | a decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Light that is not transmitted by opaque materials is | [
"reflected or converted to internal energy in the material.",
"mainly reflected.",
"mainly refracted.",
"transmitted at a lower frequency."
] | A | reflected or converted to internal energy in the material. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
How do we know how old the Earth is? | [
"From the layering of materials within the Earth.",
"From fossils of ancient life.",
"From the cratering history of Earth’s surface.",
"From radioactive dating of rocks and meteorites."
] | D | From radioactive dating of rocks and meteorites. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Water solidifies in crevices in the asphalt and splits it apart by | [
"making happy faces",
"occupying more space",
"cheerleaders",
"banana ice cream"
] | B | occupying more space | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Many different fermentation pathways occur in different organisms in nature. For example, skeletal muscle cells convert pyruvate into lactic acid when no oxygen is present. Yeast cells can produce alcohol and carbon dioxide under the same circumstances. However, regardless of the specific reactions, the purpose of glyc... | [
"It produces large amounts of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation.",
"It reoxidizes NADH so that glycolysis can continue.",
"It produces pyruvate, which is the raw material for oxidative phosphorylation.",
"It occurs in the cytoplasm."
] | B | It reoxidizes NADH so that glycolysis can continue. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
The photoelectron spectrum of carbon has three equally sized peaks. What peak is at the lowest energy? | [
"The 1s peak has the lowest energy.",
"The 2s peak has the lowest energy.",
"The 2p peak has the lowest energy.",
"The 1p peak has the lowest energy."
] | C | The 2p peak has the lowest energy. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
When the sun rises, there is light and it is daytime. When is it night time? | [
"when its blue and Pink",
"when its down and lightless",
"when its seven and eight.",
"when its dead and gone"
] | B | when its down and lightless | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Which of the following is/are NOT caused by orbital resonance? | [
"2:3 periodic ratio of Neptune:Pluto",
"Kirkwood Gaps.",
"Gaps in Saturn's rings.",
"Breaking of small Jovian moons to form ring materials."
] | D | Breaking of small Jovian moons to form ring materials. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which is the best thing to do for a neighborhood? | [
"growing local daffodils and weeding",
"spreading trash and garbage",
"planting fast spreading plants",
"introducing a new species"
] | A | growing local daffodils and weeding | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
A student pushes a puck across a table, moving it from position x = 0 to position x = 0.2 m. After he lets go, the puck continues to travel across the table, coming to rest at position x = 1.2 m. When the puck is at position x = 1.0 m, which of the following is a correct assertion about the net force on the puck? | [
"The net force is in the negative direction, because the puck is moving in the positive direction but slowing down.",
"The net force is down, because the puck is near the Earth, where gravitational acceleration is 10 m/s^2 downward.",
"The net force is in the positive direction, because the student’s push cause... | A | The net force is in the negative direction, because the puck is moving in the positive direction but slowing down. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A solid, metal object is isolated from other charges and has charge distributed on its surface. The charge distribution is not uniform. It may be correctly concluded that the | [
"electric field outside the object is zero",
"the electric field outside the object is equal to the electric field inside the object",
"the electric field outside the object is directly proportional to the distance away from the center of mass of the object",
"the electric field outside the object, but very c... | D | the electric field outside the object, but very close to the surface, is equal to the surface charge density at any location divided by the permittivity of free space | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
In a population of giraffes, an environmental change occurs that favors individuals that are tallest. As a result, more of the taller individuals are able to obtain nutrients and survive to pass along their genetic information. This is an example of | [
"directional selection.",
"stabilizing selection.",
"sexual selection.",
"disruptive selection."
] | A | directional selection. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
which of these animal's habitat is peat likely to be found? | [
"a dog's habitat",
"a cat's habitat",
"a human's habitat",
"an alligator's habitat"
] | D | an alligator's habitat | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
What are used as model organisms in molecular biology and genetics? | [
"cellular slime molds",
"weather slime molds",
"convergent slime molds",
"electromagnetic slime molds"
] | A | cellular slime molds | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
A man stands in an elevator as it begins to ascend. Does the normal force from the floor do work on the man? | [
"Yes, and the work done will be positive.",
"Yes, and the work done will be negative.",
"Yes, but the sign can’t be determined.",
"No."
] | A | Yes, and the work done will be positive. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following indicates that a reaction is spontaneous? | [
"at equilibrium there are more products than reactants",
"the value of ΔG° is greater than zero",
"the value of ΔS° is greater than zero",
"the value of Keq is less than one"
] | A | at equilibrium there are more products than reactants | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Hemoglobin is a molecule that binds to both O2 and CO2. There is an allosteric relationship between the concentrations of O2 and CO2. Hemoglobin's affinity for O2 | [
"decreases as blood pH decreases",
"increases as H+ concentration increases",
"increases in exercising muscle tissue",
"decreases as CO2 concentration decreases"
] | A | decreases as blood pH decreases | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
The peripheral nervous system has major nerves that travel through every part of the body except which two places? | [
"lungs and spinal cord",
"brain and heart",
"muscles and brain",
"brain and spinal cord"
] | D | brain and spinal cord | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
Which of the following best accounts for the ability of legumes to grow well in nitrogen-poor soils? | [
"These plants make their own proteins.",
"These plants have a mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.",
"These plants are capable of directly converting nitrogen gas into nitrates.",
"These plants do not require nitrogen to make plant proteins."
] | B | These plants have a mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Temperature is generally proportional to a substance’s | [
"thermal energy.",
"vibrational kinetic energy.",
"average translational kinetic energy.",
"rotational kinetic energy."
] | C | average translational kinetic energy. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Except for identical twins, no two people are genetically identical. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main source of variation in humans? | [
"The main source of variation in humans is genetic drift.",
"Changes in the environment cause rapid changes in different human populations.",
"Shuffling of alleles is responsible for the greatest variation in humans.",
"Mutations are responsible for the greatest changes in different human populations."
] | C | Shuffling of alleles is responsible for the greatest variation in humans. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A children’s toy consists of a cart whose very light wheels are attached to a rubber band. This rubber band can wind and unwind around the axle supporting the wheels. This toy is given a shove, after which the toy rolls across a flat surface and up a ramp. It is observed that the toy does not go a consistent distance u... | [
"Depending on how the rubber band is initially wound, more or less potential energy can be transferred from the rubber band to the kinetic energy of the car’s motion.",
"The normal force on the cart’s wheels will be different depending on how much the rubber band winds or unwinds.",
"How much energy is transfer... | A | Depending on how the rubber band is initially wound, more or less potential energy can be transferred from the rubber band to the kinetic energy of the car’s motion. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following statements is correct? | [
"Water flows from hypertonic to hypotonic.",
"Germinating seeds use less oxygen than do nongerminating seeds.",
"The rate of transpiration decreases with an increase in air movement.",
"Smaller DNA fragments migrate more rapidly than do larger DNA fragments on gel electrophoresis."
] | D | Smaller DNA fragments migrate more rapidly than do larger DNA fragments on gel electrophoresis. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
The acrosome and cortical reactions that occur immediately after fertilization ensure which of the following? | [
"The sperm will fertilize the ovum.",
"The zygote will begin to divide normally.",
"One and only one sperm will fertilize the egg.",
"The zygote will not divide into two embryos, producing twins."
] | C | One and only one sperm will fertilize the egg. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
What intensifies the response during homeostasis? | [
"negative feedback loops",
"pure loops",
"positive feedback loops",
"pressure loops"
] | C | positive feedback loops | science | sciq | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "sciq"
} |
When a plane is in the sky and is several miles away, the light seen is barely visible, but when it is drawing near | [
"light is far away",
"light is more easily seen",
"light is more distant",
"light is further away"
] | B | light is more easily seen | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin? | [
"Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.",
"Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.",
"Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.",
"Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging."
] | A | Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
An animal cell that is permeable to water but not salts has an internal NaCl concentration of 10%. If placed in freshwater the cell will | [
"plasmolyze",
"swell and eventually lyse",
"endocytose water into a large central vacuole",
"shrivel"
] | B | swell and eventually lyse | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following statements about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is correct? | [
"They provide the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar.",
"They produce PGA, which is converted to glucose by carbon fixation in the light-independent reactions.",
"Water is split apart, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage.",
"They occur in the stroma of chloroplasts."
] | C | Water is split apart, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
You’ve made a scientific theory that there is an attractive force between all objects. When will your theory be proven to be correct? | [
"The first time you drop a bowling ball and it falls to the ground proving your hypothesis.",
"After you’ve repeated your experiment many times.",
"You can never prove your theory to be correct only “yet to be proven wrong”.",
"When you and many others have tested the hypothesis."
] | C | You can never prove your theory to be correct only “yet to be proven wrong”. | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "astronomy",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? | [
"Genetic variation among individuals",
"Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors",
"Sexual reproduction",
"B and C only"
] | A | Genetic variation among individuals | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
A way in which sound may be heard is | [
"eating out of a bowl",
"moving pots and pans",
"moving a cardboard box",
"a small plastic cup"
] | B | moving pots and pans | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
Convergent evolution is best exemplified by which of the following? | [
"The pectoral fins of fish and the front legs of cats",
"The presence of a notochord in all chordate embryos",
"The wings of an insect and the wings of a bird",
"The leaves of an oak tree and the spines of a cactus"
] | C | The wings of an insect and the wings of a bird | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_biology",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
An ester is made by reacting | [
"an amine and an alcohol",
"two different alcohols",
"an alcohol and an acid",
"an acid and a base"
] | C | an alcohol and an acid | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "high_school_chemistry",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
In the springtime, animals engage in ritual behavior such as | [
"creating bedding for young",
"picking flowers for mates",
"hunting for new prey",
"migrating to cold environments"
] | A | creating bedding for young | science | obqa | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "",
"source": "obqa"
} |
When food is exposed to gamma radiation, the food | [
"becomes slightly radioactive",
"doesn’t become radioactive",
"will spoil faster",
"should be avoided"
] | B | doesn’t become radioactive | science | mmlu | {
"class": null,
"subject": "science",
"chapter": "conceptual_physics",
"source": "mmlu"
} |
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