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RS-1: Pediatric dosimetry of
18
F-FDG whole body PET/CT scans
**Aruna Kaushik, Anupam Mondal^1^, Rajnish Sharma^1^, Maria D'Souza^1^, Abhinav Jaimini^1^, Dinesh Singh^1^, Anjani Tiwari, AK Mishra, BS Dwarakanath^2^**
Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ^1^Division of PET Imaging, ^2^Division of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Band structure engineering and low-loss propagation of information-carrying entities are the cornerstones of both electronics and magnonics. Whereas electronics exploits dissipative transfer of electric charges, magnonics is based on low-energy transport of angular momentum in the for... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Understanding the factors that set species geographical borders is a central issue in ecology and evolutionary biology [@pone.0092177-Gaston1] that has received increased attention in the face of the rapid distributional shifts associated with climate change. All species have limits to ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Accurate identification of the translation initiation codon in mRNA by ribosomes is crucial for expression of the correct cellular proteins. This process generally occurs in eukaryotic cells by a scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) ribosomal subunit recruits charged initiator tR... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
APR-246 (also called PRIMA-1^MET^) is the first compound in clinical development that reactivates mutant p53 in cancer cells by promoting its correct wild-type (wt) folding, thus triggering apoptosis.^[@bib1],\ [@bib2]^ The lead compound of APR-246, PRIMA-1, was originally discovered by Bykov *et al.*^[@bib3]^ APR-246 ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), also known as Clouston syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic skin disorder ([@B01]). It is characterized by alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis ([@B02]). Mutations in the GJB6 gene cause HED, hereditary autosomal dominant non... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Since the rosiglitazone controversy aroused in 2007 \[[@B1]\], US Food and Drug Administration and most other regulatory agencies have requested to perform cardiovascular safety assessments for upcoming antidiabetic medications \[[@B2]\]. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors belong to a new class of oral antidiabet... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Bone Targeting Agents (BTAs), such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, can reduce the risk of skeletal-related adverse events and are widely used to protect the skeleton in patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases from various types of cancer \[[@ref1], [@ref2]\]. Osteonecrosis of the jaw ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a simple and noninvasive procedure for the evaluation of the hepatic vasculature. Although conventional angiography can also provide assessment of the hepatic vasculature, the modality is invasive and more technically difficult to perform than CTA. CTA... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-antibiotics-08-00002}
===============
Globally, antibiotic use is increasing, up 65% between 2000 and 2015 \[[@B1-antibiotics-08-00002]\]. The majority of this increase has been caused by rapid expansion of use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Consumption rates in many LMICs are catc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
AGE hypothesis {#s2}
==============
The Maillard or advanced glycation end product (AGE) hypothesis on the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications proposes that increased protein glycation during hyperglycemia and accelerated accumulation of AGEs on long-lived tissue proteins are fundamental processes underlyi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-21-03946}
===============
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endoproteases responsible for tissue remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins \[[@B1-ijms-21-03946]\]. MMPs are secreted by endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, fibroblas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation, maintenance of genome stability, and it controls the transcription of invading and mobile DNA elements ([@B24]; [@B14]). Plants possess four types of DNA methyltransferases (MTases), namely methyltransferase (MET), chromometh... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Genomics and particularly mutational profiling have deepened our understanding of cancer pathology and laid the foundation for precision therapies as a major field in modern oncology. Comprehensive genetic profiling has even led to proposals to replace the current histology-based WHO tumor typing with molecular classes... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor,
We present a case of glomus tumor located on the lower third of the right thigh in a patient who presented with pain in the knee region for many years. Investigation for osteomuscular disorders was not successful.
A 50-year-old man sought dermatological consultation reporting an intense, episodic shootin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Altered metabolism is a key characteristic of cancer cells. The metabolic flux in cancer cells is markedly reprogrammed to provide elevated amounts of building blocks for anabolic biosynthesis of macromolecules during rapid cell growth and proliferation[@b1][@b2]. In addition, cancer cells often possess enhanced capabi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs, also known as fast-track surgery, are multimodal perioperative programs that aim to accelerate recovery, shorten hospital stay, and reduce postoperative complications. Postoperative management includes epidural anesthesia, early mobilizatio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Plain English summary {#Sec1}
=====================
Although scientific and technological progress has provided major health benefits, it can also hamper communication between healthcare personnel and patients. In modern medicine, the technical aspects of healthcare tend to prevail, in which the main focus is placed o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Editorial Note on the Review Process
====================================
[F1000 Faculty Reviews](http://f1000research.com/browse/faculty-reviews) are commissioned from members of the prestigious [F1000 Faculty](http://f1000.com/prime/thefaculty) and are edited as a service to readers. In order to make these reviews a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Artemisinin (ART) and related compounds provide the main class of anti-malarial drugs, and ART resistance in *Plasmodium falciparum* is one of the greatest threats to global efforts to control, eliminate and eradicate malaria. To forestall emergence and spread of ART resistance it was rec... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-cancers-12-00185}
===============
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprises about 40% of all lymphomas, constituting the most prevalent type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It can arise de novo or result from the malignant transformation of a more indolent lymphoma. According to *The 2016 revisio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Source files and CAD files are available in these two repositories: For OpenSCAD: <https://github.com/felipe-m/oscad_filter_stage> For FreeCAD: <https://github.com/felipe-m/freecad_filter_stage>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Over the last years there have been a movement towards creating and sharing Open Sourc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the standard treatment for asthmatic children. Non-adherence with prescribed ICS treatment clearly causes uncontrolled asthma ^[@ref-1]^. Feedback from parents is the traditional approach to assess the adherence to the treatment regimen; however, there is an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Transcription factors (TFs) are central control points in gene regulatory networks. The DNA-binding domains of TFs can be divided into a number of structural families and recognize specific sequences of target genes.^[@R1]^ Zinc finger (ZF) proteins are one of the largest TF super-famil... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Overnutrition is defined as excess nutrient supply for normal metabolism and growth. Overnutrition has been linked to both insulin (INS) resistance and *β*-cell dysfunction \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The global obesity epidemic is a major reason for the increased incidence of type 2 diab... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Findings {#Sec1}
========
Background {#Sec2}
----------
*Toxoplasma gondii* is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans \[[@CR1]\]. The definitive host, the cat, passes oocysts in its faeces that contaminate the environment where they can remain viable for long p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The advent and continuing development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has allowed visualization of changes within the structure and size of the human brain in a variety of clinical conditions but, in particular, following a patient's earlier exposure to traumatic brain in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Chronic and degenerative diseases in middle-aged women such as cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases are increasing. These diseases are the leading cause of death and disability disorders in developing countries. [@b0075] showed that large changes in behavior patterns ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dengue is an arthropod-borne febrile disease caused by a flavivirus with four serotypes (DEN-1, 2, 3 and 4) which causes an estimated 50 million infections each year[@b1]. In humans, immunity against a particular serotype is considered permanent after the exposure and cross immunity to other serotypes is considered sho... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The coastal marshes of Louisiana are experiencing sea-level rise at rates of approximately 10--11 mm/year; these rates are 10 times the global averages ([@b15]; [@b9]). During the last 50 years, Louisiana has lost coastal lands at a rate of over 130 km^2^ per year. This results in stands of m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Cardiac disease is a major cause of mortality in modern society. The high prevalence of obesity and related diseases, such as lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, plays a significant role in the increased incidence of heart failure. Heart failure affects more than a billion people worldwide. Lipot... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-sensors-18-03497}
===============
The world's seas are a valuable resource as well as a key element in its ecology, and are in need of protection as an important source of food, wealth and life. For this, systems and technologies are needed to monitor their status and guarantee their sustainable... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
2.. Introduction {#s1}
================
This article describes a simple formula for calculating the mutual information between random variables where one or both of the variables take values in a metric space. This is relevant to neuroscience because electrophysiological data, whether spike trains from single neurons ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Bleeding following cardiac surgery requiring the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with prolonged hospital admission and increased mortality \[[@R1],[@R2]\]. This may be a consequence of more complex surgery or because of the increased number of red cell units transfused \[[@R... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Heat stress is an environmental and occupational hazard. The prevention of deaths caused by extreme high temperatures (above 42 °C) is an issue of human public health importance and also a concern in animal production[@b1]. In 1995, a heat wave in Chicago resulted in 700 reported deaths, of which 39% occurred in indivi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#Sec1}
============
*Culicoides* biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopognidae) are vectors of viruses of both medical and veterinary importance (Purse and Venter [@CR39]). African horse sickness virus (AHSV), epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are listed by the Office Intern... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
One of the vital hallmarks of cancer which distinguishes it from benign tumours is its capability for tissue invasion and distant metastasis ([@bib26]). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase identified as a critical signalling molecule mediating host--tumour interactions that affect cell... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Myocarditis can present with a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild dyspnea to chest pain, cardiogenic shock, and fatal arrhythmia. The main cause of myocarditis is current or recent viral infection \[[@B1]\]. Enteroviruses, specifically Coxsackievirus (CV) group B serotypes, have traditiona... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Hydatid bone disease is caused by the *Echinococcus granulosus worm*. This zoonosis is endemic in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Asia, Africa and many South American countries, and it is a major public health and economic problem in the Patagonian region of Argentina. Osseou... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0005}
============
All living organisms require exogenous foods/nutrients for producing energy in the form of ATP, which is needed for numerous cellular functions. Most of the cellular energy is efficiently produced in specialized organelles mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation. In addition to ene... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Rationale
---------
Early life experience is a determinant of social inequalities in physical, mental, and social well-being \[[@ref1]-[@ref6]\]. Children living in poverty are more likely to suffer from developmental and health problems, and childhood interventions can decrease incidence an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Classical trace amines (TAs), including tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine (β-PEA), tryptamine and octopamine, have been implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with monoaminergic dysfunction, including schizophrenia, major depression, and Parkinson's disease ([@B9]; [@B7... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Protein-protein interactions participate in myriad processes of the cell such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, immune response, metabolism, membrane-associated processes and development (e.g., \[[@B1]-[@B4]\]). Protein-protein interactions offer an excellent way of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Image-guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy (PNB) is an interventional procedure performed by radiologists ([@ref1]-[@ref5]) with the aim to obtain cells or tissue for diagnosis by the insertion of a needle into a suspected lesion.
It's a relatively non-invasive procedure, and it has a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Permafrost temperature has increased by 1°C to 2°C in the Russian north during the last 3 decades ([@CIT0001]). Northern Alaska and northern Canada also have warmed to a comparably high level during the same period ([@CIT0002]). Recent observations indicate that this warming is highly coupled with a shortened winter se... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
The importance of the biological properties of antibodies to specifically engage a target of choice and activate complement and Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on immune cells ([@B1]) is currently more and more recognized in modern medicine. For cancer therapies using tumor targeting antibodi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Deception detection research has primarily focused on developing an understanding of the strategies that individuals employ when lying or telling the truth about solo crimes, and furthermore what interviewing techniques can be employed by investigators to enable individual liars to be more easily differentiated from in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Abbreviations used in this paper: bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix; dblKO, double knockout; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MRF, myogenic regulatory factor.
Introduction
============
The process of skeletal muscle differentiation is orchestrated by a family of four conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper \[[@B1-ijms-19-02737]\]: We have recently been made aware of some errors and omissions in the following paragraph of our recent paper.
Section 2.2.5, lines 2--6 currently read as follows:
A structure-selective DNA binding of wild-type and G245S mutant ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Human thought involves the building of mental representations by integrating external and previously stored information, and their manipulation in a cognitive space: working memory (WM; Baddeley, [@B4]). A prime characteristic of thinking is hence its abstract nature. It always requires... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Metformin is one of the most widely used glucose-lowering agents to treat type 2 diabetes \[[@CR1]\] and is now recommended as the first-line drug therapy by a recent joint consensus statement \[[@CR2]\]. This unique survivor of the biguanides family is prescribed for its effective an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disease with unknown etiology, which symptoms include cognitive dysfunction in addition to positive and negative symptoms \[[@CR1]\]. Cognitive dysfunction, which may reflect genetic susceptibility, is now generally considered to be the core symptom o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Contamination of surface and groundwater by trace metals results in the deterioration of water quality which affect human health as well as the health of aquatic ecosystem (Krishna et al. [@CR4]; Bataynen [@CR2]). Trace metals in the aquatic environment creates an immense threat to the ex... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
RM 8640 consists of six plastic bottles each containing a 2 mL suspension of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres with a specified amount of immobilized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The microspheres are intended for calibrating the fluorescence response of flow cytometers \... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
hnRNP A1 is an RNA-binding protein that contains two RNA-binding domains (RBDs) and a glycine-rich domain responsible for protein--protein interaction. It is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and transport of cellular RNAs (reviewed by [@cdd462c9]). It is predominantly located in the nucleus, but... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Background
==========
The mammalian inner ear has very limited ability to regenerate lost sensory hair cells \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. While previous studies demonstrate that early postnatal cochlea harbors stem/progenitor-like cells and show a limited regenerative/repair capacity \[[@B3]-[@B13]\], and these properties, howeve... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Article summary
Article focus
=============
- Hypertension carries significant risks but is commonly poorly managed and controlled.
- Telehealth technology appears to be a useful strategy for managing chronic conditions; however equipment deployed is often complex and costly.
- Use of a new, simple and... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Findings
========
*Taenia solium*is a cestode parasite that causes human neurocysticercosis, a public health problem in developing countries. The life cycle includes the adult tapeworm that grows in the human small intestine and cysticerci, the larval stage, which lodge in pig skeletal muscle and brain. The tapeworm h... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Given their rapid proliferation and high specificity, phages are extensively used in several applications, including rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria ([@B33]), assessment of water quality and sewage treatment efficiency ([@B10]), and classification and identification of bacterial specie... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Nitric oxide (NO) functions widely as a transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems, exerting its physiological effects by stimulating receptors having intrinsic guanylyl cyclase activity, thereby leading to cGMP accumulation in target cells ([@b17]). cGMP can then engage a numb... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Studies investigating rider posture during horseback riding are beginning to emerge in the literature with a common theme being asymmetry in riders ([@b24-jhk-42-113]; [@b10-jhk-42-113]; [@b38-jhk-42-113]; [@b32-jhk-42-113]; [@b11-jhk-42-113]). Since the ability to train the horse to be ambid... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
Healthy People 2020, the federal public health agenda, has set a goal of "Increase(ing) the proportion of persons with hemoglobinopathies who receive disease-modifying therapies"^[@R1]^. For the vast majority of people with sickle cell disease (SCD), the Healthy People goal will be reac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a deglutition disorder resulting from neurological and/or structural impairment that may result in in decreased social interaction, loss of pleasure in food consumption, malnutrition, dehydration, infectious pulmonary processes and other high morbidity processes. Patients with heart disease f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0001}
============
ABP 215 (US: MVASI™ \[bevacizumab-awwb\] approved in September 2017; EU: MVASI™ \[bevacizumab\] approved in January 2018; Amgen Inc.) is a biosimilar to bevacizumab (Avastin®), a recombinant humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody. Bevacizumab binds to vascular endothe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Duck plague virus (DPV), or duck enteritis virus (DEV), is an important pathogen of ducks, which has caused serious losses in commercial duck production in domestic and wild waterfowl as a result of mortality, condemnations, and decreased egg production\[[@B1]\]. DPV is classified as the subfamil... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Obesity and osteoporosis are two important global health problems with an increasing prevalence and a high impact on both mortality and morbidity.[@b1-dmso-4-273]--[@b4-dmso-4-273] Interestingly, during recent decades, both diseases have become a major health threat worldwide.[@b2-dmso-4-273]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Cognitive impairment is a frequently reported issue for patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability, and the leading single gene cause of autism spectrum disorder ([@B37]; [@B26]; [@B1]). This syndrome is caused by the transcripti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#section5-2050312120915399}
============
Collaboration within medical research accelerates innovation and promotes complex scientific endeavors. Technological advances facilitating communication and the ability to record and share data have simplified the collaborative process, revolutionizing contempora... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The incidence of melanoma in Europe has been steadily increasing, more rapidly than for any other cancer, during recent decades. Incidence of melanoma deeply varies across Europe, with the highest incidence in Scandinavian countries.
Lifetime risk of developing melanoma within the entire caucasi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Aims and Scope
==============
*Clinical Case Reports* is different to other case report journals. Our aim is to directly improve global health outcomes and share clinical knowledge using case reports to convey important best practice messages. We welcome case reports, clinical images, and procedural videos from all ar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Stillbirth and its consequences have attracted some research interest. However, there still remains an uncertainty particularly about how to advise medical staff of the necessary steps that should be taken around stillbirth bereavement care. Before 1970s, preventing bereaved parents from ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In the article cited above, the addition of \"^b^\" annotation would be needed in Table 5 of the main text.
^b^In case of CURB-65, the variables are as follows: age \< 65 years, absence of chronic cardiovascular disorder, absence of chronic lung disease, absence of CNS disorders, and absence of chronic renal disorders... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
The adaptive immune system must distinguish between self and non-self in order to provide protection from pathogenic challenges while sparing the organism's own tissues. Recognition of B7 ligands (CD80 and CD86, also known as B7-1 and B7-2, respectively) by co-stimulatory CD28 and co-in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Summary box
What is already known about this subject?
=========================================
- The 2019 new coronavirus pneumonia is a new infectious clinical disease caused by a new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2.
- Fever and cough were the most common symptoms in patients with COVID-19, but some non-... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Ischemic preconditioning of a limb (IPC) is a non-invasive technique inducing transient peripheral hypoxia to subsequently enhance tissue tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This technique promotes local vasodilation, improves O~2~ delivery (Enko et al., [@B14]; Bailey et al.... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Speed-accuracy trade-offs (SATs), such as that between movement speed and spatial accuracy, are one of the most common phenomena in human movement. SATs have been actively studied since Woodworth^[@CR1]^, who measured the accuracy of voluntary movement. Fitts' law, the most famous SAT... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The radical coupling reaction,[@cit1] wherein the nearly zero activation energy[@cit2] of connecting two distinct odd-electron partners enables a strong tendency to generate a new chemical bond, often furnishes an efficient and direct synthetic pathway to molecules with high functional group ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Lu N, Lv Q, Sun X, et al. Isoalantolactone restores the sensitivity of gram‐negative *Enterobacteriaceae* carrying MCR‐1 to carbapenems. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:2475--2483. 10.1111/jcmm.14936
Lu and Lv contributed equally to this work.
1. INTRODUCTION {#jcmm14936-sec-0001}
===============
Infections caused by multid... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Cold storage has been the method of choice for liver preservation for \<50 years now. Hypothermia effectively protects the organ by reduced metabolism for distinct periods. However, the organ is exposed to hypoxic, hypoenergetic, and hyponutritional conditions. These are nonfunctional in the cold but unmasked upon repe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT), which develops without any cardiac abnormalities, can be divided into four types: outflow tract VT, verapamil sensitive fascicular VT, focal Purkinje VT and annular VT. The main mechanism of idiopathic left VT is reentry that passes through anterior or... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis* (*Mtb*) is responsible for the greatest number of deaths by a bacterial pathogen worldwide [@pone.0058378-World1]. *Mtb* can produce progressive disease or latent infection [@pone.0058378-Parrish1]; indeed, in high endemic areas, infection first occurs in ch... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Therapies for metastatic advanced thyroid cancers are inadequate with most therapeutic approaches failing to produce meaningful long-term responses (Smallridge et al. [@CR27]; Licitra et al. [@CR16]). The relatively modest response rates with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have led... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is an ubiquitous second messenger which directly activates protein kinase A (PKA) and EPACs (exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP) and opens cyclic nucleotide-gated channels \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. PKA is the primary downstream effec... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
LETTERS TO EDITORS
==================
We found the recent original article published in the Korean Journal of Pain by Seung Yeup Han et al., entitled \"The effect of low-dose ketamine on post-caesarean delivery analgesia after spinal anesthesia\" \[[@B1]\]. The authors expertly detailed an interesting investigation ab... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
In the last two decades there have been progresses in understanding thyroid carcinoma histogenesis and biology. Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) represents 80% of thyroid malignancies and is characterized by slow growth and an excellent prognosis \[[@B1]\]. Patients with PTC have the best s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-15-02367}
===============
It is estimated that around 15% of schoolchildren have a chronic health issue \[[@B1-ijerph-15-02367],[@B2-ijerph-15-02367]\] and that, due to these problems, they can present some degree of inhibition for full integration in their school activities, giving rise ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality in affected flocks and found in large parts of Africa and Asia ([@bib0015]). In 2015, FAO and OIE launched a Global Control and Eradication Strategy for PPR whi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Mobile games are very diverse, and each game has its own characteristics. The games that players become extremely passionate about have some key attractive features. These games induce different emotions a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
\"Our poor family seems persecuted by this awful disease, the worst I know.\" Queen Victoria (1819-1901) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland wrote in her diary. She is well known as the most famous carrier of hemophilia, the \"royal disease\", and had passed on the disease to several royal families in Eu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Text
====
Correction
----------
After publication of this article \[[@B1]\], we noticed that the acknowledgement of our funding source was not sufficiently specific. We hereby acknowledge that this research was supported in part by the Food and Drug Administration Office of Women\'s Health, USA.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
######
Comparison of the cost of antiretroviral treatment, by manufacturer and region
Manufacturer ARV (dose) No. of Sub-Saharan Africa countries (no. of individual transactions) Sub-Saharan Africa median cost per person per year (IQR), US\$ No. of Non-Africa countries (no. of individual transact... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For a related structure, see: Yamin *et al.* (2011[@bb6]). For standard bond lengths, see: Allen *et al.* (1987[@bb1]).
Experimental {#sec2}
============
{#sec2.1}
### Crystal data {#sec2.1.1}
C~11~H~12~ClFN~2~OS*M* *~r~* = 274.75Monoclinic,*a* = 14.818 (7) Å*b* = 10.... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Previous reports have clearly documented that aortic stiffness is associated not only with coronary artery disease (CAD) but also with cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, smoking, older age, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus (DM), ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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