/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.commons.logging.impl.Log4JLogger;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.client.HdfsClientConfigKeys;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.ByteArrayManager.Counter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.ByteArrayManager.CounterMap;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.ByteArrayManager.FixedLengthManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.ByteArrayManager.ManagerMap;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Time;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Test {@link ByteArrayManager}.
 */
public class TestByteArrayManager {
  static {
    ((Log4JLogger)LogFactory.getLog(ByteArrayManager.class)
        ).getLogger().setLevel(Level.ALL);
  }

  static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(TestByteArrayManager.class);

  private static final Comparator<Future<Integer>> CMP = new Comparator<Future<Integer>>() {
    @Override
    public int compare(Future<Integer> left, Future<Integer> right) {
      try {
        return left.get().intValue() - right.get().intValue();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
    }
  };

  @Test
  public void testCounter() throws Exception {
    final long countResetTimePeriodMs = 200L;
    final Counter c = new Counter(countResetTimePeriodMs);

    final int n = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(512) + 512;
    final List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>(n);
    
    final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(32);
    try {
      // increment
      for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        futures.add(pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
          @Override
          public Integer call() throws Exception {
            return (int)c.increment();
          }
        }));
      }
  
      // sort and wait for the futures
      Collections.sort(futures, CMP);
    } finally {
      pool.shutdown();
    }

    // check futures
    Assert.assertEquals(n, futures.size());
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      Assert.assertEquals(i + 1, futures.get(i).get().intValue());
    }
    Assert.assertEquals(n, c.getCount());

    // test auto-reset
    Thread.sleep(countResetTimePeriodMs + 100);
    Assert.assertEquals(1, c.increment());
  }

  

  @Test
  public void testAllocateRecycle() throws Exception {
    final int countThreshold = 4;
    final int countLimit = 8;
    final long countResetTimePeriodMs = 200L;
    final ByteArrayManager.Impl bam = new ByteArrayManager.Impl(
        new ByteArrayManager.Conf(
            countThreshold, countLimit, countResetTimePeriodMs));
    
    final CounterMap counters = bam.getCounters();
    final ManagerMap managers = bam.getManagers();
    
    final int[] uncommonArrays = {0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64};
    final int arrayLength = 1024;


    final Allocator allocator = new Allocator(bam);
    final Recycler recycler = new Recycler(bam);
    try {
      { // allocate within threshold
        for(int i = 0; i < countThreshold; i++) {
          allocator.submit(arrayLength);
        }        
        waitForAll(allocator.futures);
  
        Assert.assertEquals(countThreshold,
            counters.get(arrayLength, false).getCount());
        Assert.assertNull(managers.get(arrayLength, false));
        for(int n : uncommonArrays) {
          Assert.assertNull(counters.get(n, false));
          Assert.assertNull(managers.get(n, false));
        }
      }

      { // recycle half of the arrays
        for(int i = 0; i < countThreshold/2; i++) {
          recycler.submit(removeLast(allocator.futures).get());
        }

        for(Future<Integer> f : recycler.furtures) {
          Assert.assertEquals(-1, f.get().intValue());
        }
        recycler.furtures.clear();
      }

      { // allocate one more
        allocator.submit(arrayLength).get();

        Assert.assertEquals(countThreshold + 1, counters.get(arrayLength, false).getCount());
        Assert.assertNotNull(managers.get(arrayLength, false));
      }

      { // recycle the remaining arrays
        final int n = allocator.recycleAll(recycler);

        recycler.verify(n);
      }
        
      {
        // allocate until the maximum.
        for(int i = 0; i < countLimit; i++) {
          allocator.submit(arrayLength);
        }
        waitForAll(allocator.futures);

        // allocate one more should be blocked
        final AllocatorThread t = new AllocatorThread(arrayLength, bam);
        t.start();
        
        // check if the thread is waiting, timed wait or runnable.
        for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
          Thread.sleep(100);
          final Thread.State threadState = t.getState();
          if (threadState != Thread.State.RUNNABLE
              && threadState != Thread.State.WAITING
              && threadState != Thread.State.TIMED_WAITING) {
            Assert.fail("threadState = " + threadState);
          }
        }

        // recycle an array
        recycler.submit(removeLast(allocator.futures).get());
        Assert.assertEquals(1, removeLast(recycler.furtures).get().intValue());

        // check if the thread is unblocked
        Thread.sleep(100);
        Assert.assertEquals(Thread.State.TERMINATED, t.getState());
            
        // recycle the remaining, the recycle should be full.
        Assert.assertEquals(countLimit-1, allocator.recycleAll(recycler));
        recycler.submit(t.array);
        recycler.verify(countLimit);

        // recycle one more; it should not increase the free queue size
        Assert.assertEquals(countLimit, bam.release(new byte[arrayLength]));
      }
    } finally {
      allocator.pool.shutdown();
      recycler.pool.shutdown();
    }
  }

  static <T> Future<T> removeLast(List<Future<T>> furtures) throws Exception {
    return remove(furtures, furtures.size() - 1);
  }
  static <T> Future<T> remove(List<Future<T>> furtures, int i) throws Exception {
    return furtures.isEmpty()? null: furtures.remove(i);
  }
  
  static <T> void waitForAll(List<Future<T>> furtures) throws Exception {
    for(Future<T> f : furtures) {
      f.get();
    }
  }

  static class AllocatorThread extends Thread {
    private final ByteArrayManager bam;
    private final int arrayLength;
    private byte[] array;
    
    AllocatorThread(int arrayLength, ByteArrayManager bam) {
      this.bam = bam;
      this.arrayLength = arrayLength;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        array = bam.newByteArray(arrayLength);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }

  static class Allocator {
    private final ByteArrayManager bam;
    final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(8);
    final List<Future<byte[]>> futures = new LinkedList<Future<byte[]>>();

    Allocator(ByteArrayManager bam) {
      this.bam = bam;
    }
    
    Future<byte[]> submit(final int arrayLength) {
      final Future<byte[]> f = pool.submit(new Callable<byte[]>() {
        @Override
        public byte[] call() throws Exception {
          final byte[] array = bam.newByteArray(arrayLength);
          Assert.assertEquals(arrayLength, array.length);
          return array;
        }
      });
      futures.add(f);
      return f;
    }
    
    int recycleAll(Recycler recycler) throws Exception {
      final int n = futures.size();
      for(Future<byte[]> f : futures) {
        recycler.submit(f.get());
      }
      futures.clear();
      return n;
    }
  }

  static class Recycler {
    private final ByteArrayManager bam;
    final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(8);
    final List<Future<Integer>> furtures = new LinkedList<Future<Integer>>();

    Recycler(ByteArrayManager bam) {
      this.bam = bam;
    }

    Future<Integer> submit(final byte[] array) {
      final Future<Integer> f = pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public Integer call() throws Exception {
          return bam.release(array);
        }
      });
      furtures.add(f);
      return f;
    }

    void verify(final int expectedSize) throws Exception {
      Assert.assertEquals(expectedSize, furtures.size());
      Collections.sort(furtures, CMP);
      for(int i = 0; i < furtures.size(); i++) {
        Assert.assertEquals(i+1, furtures.get(i).get().intValue());
      }
      furtures.clear();
    }
  }


  @Test
  public void testByteArrayManager() throws Exception {
    final int countThreshold = 32;
    final int countLimit = 64;
    final long countResetTimePeriodMs = 1000L;
    final ByteArrayManager.Impl bam = new ByteArrayManager.Impl(
        new ByteArrayManager.Conf(
            countThreshold, countLimit, countResetTimePeriodMs));
  
    final CounterMap counters = bam.getCounters();
    final ManagerMap managers = bam.getManagers();

    final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(128);
    
    final Runner[] runners = new Runner[Runner.NUM_RUNNERS];
    final Thread[] threads = new Thread[runners.length];

    final int num = 1 << 10;
    for(int i = 0; i < runners.length; i++) {
      runners[i] = new Runner(i, countThreshold, countLimit, pool, i, bam);
      threads[i] = runners[i].start(num);
    }
    
    final List<Exception> exceptions = new ArrayList<Exception>();
    final Thread randomRecycler = new Thread() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        LOG.info("randomRecycler start");
        for(int i = 0; shouldRun(); i++) {
          final int j = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(runners.length);
          try {
            runners[j].recycle();
          } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            exceptions.add(new Exception(this + " has an exception", e));
          }

          if ((i & 0xFF) == 0) {
            LOG.info("randomRecycler sleep, i=" + i);
            sleepMs(100);
          }
        }
        LOG.info("randomRecycler done");
      }
      
      boolean shouldRun() {
        for(int i = 0; i < runners.length; i++) {
          if (threads[i].isAlive()) {
            return true;
          }
          if (!runners[i].isEmpty()) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        return false;
      }
    };
    randomRecycler.start();
    
    randomRecycler.join();
    Assert.assertTrue(exceptions.isEmpty());

    Assert.assertNull(counters.get(0, false));
    for(int i = 1; i < runners.length; i++) {
      if (!runners[i].assertionErrors.isEmpty()) {
        for(AssertionError e : runners[i].assertionErrors) {
          LOG.error("AssertionError " + i, e);
        }
        Assert.fail(runners[i].assertionErrors.size() + " AssertionError(s)");
      }
      
      final int arrayLength = Runner.index2arrayLength(i);
      final boolean exceedCountThreshold = counters.get(arrayLength, false).getCount() > countThreshold; 
      final FixedLengthManager m = managers.get(arrayLength, false);
      if (exceedCountThreshold) {
        Assert.assertNotNull(m);
      } else {
        Assert.assertNull(m);
      }
    }
  }

  static void sleepMs(long ms) {
    try {
      Thread.sleep(ms);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      Assert.fail("Sleep is interrupted: " + e);
    }
  }

  static class Runner implements Runnable {
    static final int NUM_RUNNERS = 5;

    static int index2arrayLength(int index) {
      return ByteArrayManager.MIN_ARRAY_LENGTH << (index - 1);
    }

    private final ByteArrayManager bam;
    final int maxArrayLength;
    final int countThreshold;
    final int maxArrays;
    final ExecutorService pool;
    final List<Future<byte[]>> arrays = new ArrayList<Future<byte[]>>();

    final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
    final int p;
    private int n;
    
    final List<AssertionError> assertionErrors = new ArrayList<AssertionError>();

    Runner(int index, int countThreshold, int maxArrays,
        ExecutorService pool, int p, ByteArrayManager bam) {
      this.maxArrayLength = index2arrayLength(index);
      this.countThreshold = countThreshold;
      this.maxArrays = maxArrays;
      this.pool = pool;
      this.p = p;
      this.bam = bam;
    }

    boolean isEmpty() {
      synchronized (arrays) {
        return arrays.isEmpty();
      }
    }
 
    Future<byte[]> submitAllocate() {
      count.incrementAndGet();

      final Future<byte[]> f = pool.submit(new Callable<byte[]>() {
        @Override
        public byte[] call() throws Exception {
          final int lower = maxArrayLength == ByteArrayManager.MIN_ARRAY_LENGTH?
              0: maxArrayLength >> 1;
          final int arrayLength = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(
              maxArrayLength - lower) + lower + 1;
          final byte[] array = bam.newByteArray(arrayLength);
          try {
            Assert.assertEquals("arrayLength=" + arrayLength + ", lower=" + lower,
                maxArrayLength, array.length);
          } catch(AssertionError e) {
            assertionErrors.add(e);
          }
          return array;
        }
      });
      synchronized (arrays) {
        arrays.add(f);
      }
      return f;
    }

    Future<byte[]> removeFirst() throws Exception {
      synchronized (arrays) {
        return remove(arrays, 0);
      }
    }

    void recycle() throws Exception {
      final Future<byte[]> f = removeFirst();
      if (f != null) {
        printf("randomRecycler: ");
        try {
          recycle(f.get(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
        } catch(TimeoutException e) {
          recycle(new byte[maxArrayLength]);
          printf("timeout, new byte[%d]\n", maxArrayLength);
        }
      }
    }

    int recycle(final byte[] array) {
      return bam.release(array);
    }

    Future<Integer> submitRecycle(final byte[] array) {
      count.decrementAndGet();

      final Future<Integer> f = pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public Integer call() throws Exception {
          return recycle(array);
        }
      });
      return f;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
      for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        final boolean isAllocate = ThreadLocalRandom.current()
            .nextInt(NUM_RUNNERS) < p;
        if (isAllocate) {
          submitAllocate();
        } else {
          try {
            final Future<byte[]> f = removeFirst();
            if (f != null) {
              submitRecycle(f.get());
            }
          } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            Assert.fail(this + " has " + e);
          }
        }

        if ((i & 0xFF) == 0) {
          sleepMs(100);
        }
      }
    }
    
    Thread start(int n) {
      this.n = n;
      final Thread t = new Thread(this);
      t.start();
      return t;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return getClass().getSimpleName() + ": max=" + maxArrayLength
          + ", count=" + count;
    }
  }

  static class NewByteArrayWithLimit extends ByteArrayManager {
    private final int maxCount;
    private int count = 0;
    
    NewByteArrayWithLimit(int maxCount) {
      this.maxCount = maxCount;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized byte[] newByteArray(int size) throws InterruptedException {
      for(; count >= maxCount; ) {
        wait();
      }
      count++;
      return new byte[size];
    }
    
    @Override
    public synchronized int release(byte[] array) {
      if (count == maxCount) {
        notifyAll();
      }
      count--;
      return 0;
    }
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ((Log4JLogger)LogFactory.getLog(ByteArrayManager.class)
        ).getLogger().setLevel(Level.OFF);

    final int arrayLength = 64 * 1024; //64k
    final int nThreads = 512;
    final int nAllocations = 1 << 15;
    final int maxArrays = 1 << 10;
    final int nTrials = 5;

    System.out.println("arrayLength=" + arrayLength
        + ", nThreads=" + nThreads
        + ", nAllocations=" + nAllocations
        + ", maxArrays=" + maxArrays);
    
    final ByteArrayManager[] impls = {
        new ByteArrayManager.NewByteArrayWithoutLimit(),
        new NewByteArrayWithLimit(maxArrays),
        new ByteArrayManager.Impl(new ByteArrayManager.Conf(
            HdfsClientConfigKeys.Write.ByteArrayManager.COUNT_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT,
            maxArrays,
            HdfsClientConfigKeys.Write.ByteArrayManager.COUNT_RESET_TIME_PERIOD_MS_DEFAULT))
    };
    final double[] avg = new double[impls.length];

    for(int i = 0; i < impls.length; i++) {
      double duration = 0;
      printf("%26s:", impls[i].getClass().getSimpleName());
      for(int j = 0; j < nTrials; j++) {
        final int[] sleepTime = new int[nAllocations];
        for(int k = 0; k < sleepTime.length; k++) {
          sleepTime[k] = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100);
        }
      
        final long elapsed = performanceTest(arrayLength, maxArrays, nThreads,
            sleepTime, impls[i]);
        duration += elapsed;
        printf("%5d, ", elapsed);
      }
      avg[i] = duration/nTrials;
      printf("avg=%6.3fs", avg[i]/1000);
      for(int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        printf(" (%6.2f%%)", percentageDiff(avg[j], avg[i]));
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
  }
  
  static double percentageDiff(double original, double newValue) {
    return (newValue - original)/original*100;
  }
  
  static void printf(String format, Object... args) {
    System.out.printf(format, args);
    System.out.flush();
  }
  
  static long performanceTest(final int arrayLength, final int maxArrays,
      final int nThreads, final int[] sleepTimeMSs, final ByteArrayManager impl)
          throws Exception {
    final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nThreads);
    final List<Future<Void>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Void>>(sleepTimeMSs.length);
    final long startTime = Time.monotonicNow();

    for(int i = 0; i < sleepTimeMSs.length; i++) {
      final long sleepTime = sleepTimeMSs[i];
      futures.add(pool.submit(new Callable<Void>() {
        @Override
        public Void call() throws Exception {
          byte[] array = impl.newByteArray(arrayLength);
          sleepMs(sleepTime);
          impl.release(array);
          return null;
        }
      }));
    }
    for(Future<Void> f : futures) {
      f.get();
    }

    final long endTime = Time.monotonicNow();
    pool.shutdown();
    return endTime - startTime;
  }
}
