Statement on Diversity and Inclusion

Undergraduate and Graduate Programs
Statement on Diversity and Inclusion

Gilliam 2018

Diversity is an essential component of science excellence. A diverse group of problem solvers is better positioned to find innovative solutions; the more difficult the problem, the greater the benefit of diversity in finding the solution. An organization committed to science excellence encourages and enables a diverse community to seek creative strategies to solve difficult scientific problems.

Diversity can be measured in many different ways. Every person has an identity that contributes to the diversity of a group, and there is no hierarchy of importance of these different personal identities. However, there are some dimensions of personal identity for which U.S. science is far from parity, and it is important to focus on these dimensions to maximize the benefits that accrue from diversity. In U.S. academic science, those dimensions include race and ethnicity, gender, and disability status. Working towards parity in each of these dimensions requires specific strategies and ways to measure progress.

Strategies that address barriers to participation should not only increase the numbers of persons in science who belong to underrepresented groups, but also work to ensure that they are empowered and expected to succeed in science and assume leadership roles in the scientific community. Only then can the full value of diversity be realized. The responsibility for creating an inclusive environment rests on the current leaders of the scientific community, including the principal investigators, the faculty, and the advisers of the trainees.

As an organization committed to scientific excellence, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute supports individuals and institutions that aspire to improve their capacity for inclusion and that work to develop scientists from all backgrounds, especially those who belong to groups currently underrepresented in science. A selection of our current programs are listed in the right rail.


posted by annah

a closed gas cylinder contains 0.500 mole h2, 0.300 mole o2, 1.200 mole co2 at a temperature of 25'c and presure of 2.00 atm
1) calculate the volume of the cylinder
2) calculatethe partial pressure of the cylinder if the volime is decreased to 25% of its original value at consistant tempurature

  1. DrBob222

    1) Use PV = nRT. You have P, R, T (must be in kelvin) with total n = 0.500+0.300+1.200 = ? Solve for V in L.

    2) You meant constant T I assume (instead of consistent T). Multiply V in part 1 by 0.25 and use PV = nRT again. This time V is the new number (multiplied by 0.25), solve for P in atm, n, R, and T are the same as in part 1.

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Personal Finance
May 22, 2018

Your Emergency Fund: How to Decide If An Expense Is an Emergency or Not?

Simple. Thrifty. Living.

You worked hard to save money for your emergency fund, but it’s a finite resource. Before you take cash out of your savings for an expense, it’s essential to determine whether it’s an actual emergency and the criteria you base this decision on.

What are the consequences of waiting to pay this expense? You want to focus your emergency funds on genuinely urgent situations that would have an extremely negative impact on your life.

For example, paying your utility bills or your rent following a job loss would be a great use for this fund. If you’re unable to get to work without a working vehicle, you could end up losing your job. By dipping into this savings, you can stop this event from being a problem.

You can plan savings goals around regularly recurring expenses, so try to avoid your emergency fund for this purpose. You want to cover truly unexpected costs that you would not be able to predict.

Can you get by without covering that bill from your emergency savings? Wants can sometimes feel like needs when you’re making this decision. Take some time to think about whether it’s necessary for the well-being of you and your family. And there may be other ways to get cash fast without touching your nest egg.

Are there any other options to help with the situation other than paying the expense right now? For example, could you carpool with a coworker or go on a payment plan with a utility company? Look for ways to pay when you don’t have an emergency fund and how viable they would be for addressing a problem.

Sometimes it’s easy to second guess yourself and shy away from using savings even in a true emergency. Once you’ve worked through these questions and your need is urgent, then pay that expense. You’ve been building up your emergency fund for this very purpose.

Emergencies are stressful even when you have the money to cover them. Ensure that you’re making the right decision when you use your emergency accounts, so you don’t end up in a worse position sometime in the near future.

    Do you have any thoughts?

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Category: Stories (Page 1 of 2)

There’s a bit of Boris in us all

Back in 1890, a young Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem about Burma. The poem, The Road to Mandalay, was written from the perspective of a British soldier once stationed there. The soldier reminisces about the place, an encounter with a local girl, and describes his surroundings with the kind of paternalistic grandeur of someone who believes his empire, the British Empire, to be the ultimate expression of civilisation.

The text is also dismissive of Burmese culture and religion:

Bloomin’ idol made o’ mud
Wot they called the Great Gawd Budd

For Kipling’s soldier, this is an uncivilised, heathen place, albeit alluring.

Interestingly, Kipling only visited Burma once, for three days, on his way elsewhere, and he never visited Mandalay.

This lack of experience didn’t prevent him from becoming influential in shaping the perspective of his countrymen on the place. The words he penned on paper describing this destination he barely knew became a go-to text for understanding what Burma is like.

A 20-year-old shaping one people’s understanding of another.

Which brings us to Boris Johnson, who, on a recent trip to Burma, began reciting The Road to Mandalay at the site of a Burmese shrine, while a Channel 4 camera crew filmed him.

The UK’s foreign secretary reciting a poem praising colonialism and dismissing Burmese culture, at a Burmese shrine which he is being invited to visit by his gracious Burmese hosts.

Fortunately, Britain’s ambassador to Burma stopped him before he had a chance to complete his recital and embarrass the UK further, but the episode was a glimpse into the attitude that Johnson has towards the Burmese.

Just days later, at a Conservative Party Conference event, he commented on how the only thing getting in the way of a “wonderful” group of UK businessmen turning the Libyan town of Sirte into the next Dubai was the dead bodies that needed clearing out of the way.

For Johnson, it seems that the British Empire still stands, and he’s happy to brush aside any dead bodies or cultural inconveniences that get in his way.

But this post isn’t just about Boris and his blunders. I wanted to take a moment to reflect on the very real ability that we each have to see people who are different from us as somehow less valuable than we are.

And how if we don’t pay careful attention, we can end up using other people’s small ‘incivilities’ as a way of building our own sense of superiority and worth.

In 1978 Edward Said wrote Orientalism, which looks at what happens when this natural human tendency becomes a system of thought. He demonstrates how literature and art shaped the way that Europeans understand ‘The Orient,’ and the effect that perspective has had on justice and international relations.

Orientalism in its essence is about seeing ‘Western’ culture as superior to other cultures, and the actions which accompany such a perspective.

One example from Said is how ‘oriental’ women are portrayed in colonial era literature. They are usually passive, rarely speak for themselves, and are usually there to serve the various appetites of the men around them.1)Orientalism, 1979: 187-188 They are objectified: helpless and inferior.

Said might argue that this way of understanding non-European women has paved the way for our attitudes towards them when they enter our societies. When it comes to discussions like enforcing a Burqa ban, the voices of the women who wear them are usually crowded out by those who choose to speak for them, in the name of justice.

While we would usually offer a European woman (in a similar scenario) the opportunity to explain why she dresses a certain way, the women of the Middle East are still seen as helpless and inferior.

From his many gaffes and blunders, it’s clear that Boris is something of an Orientalist. He adores Britain’s colonial era, and apparently has little respect for other cultures: Britain is best.

But this post isn’t just about Boris and how he is embarrassing the British people.

It’s about how easy it is to view others as inferior, and how much damage that can cause in a globalised world.

Because we each carry a bit of Boris inside us.

We’re all capable of dismissing people who are different from us as weird, uncouth, uncivilised, inferior.

It might be a neighbour. It could be a refugee. It could be someone who votes differently from ourselves.

And in coming to conclusions about people who are different from us before we’ve taken the time to get to know them, we carry perspectives about them which are, at best, naive, at worst entirely false. And we miss the opportunity to promote the kind of understanding upon which justice and change can be built.

(Image by Andrew Parsons)

References   [ + ]

1. Orientalism, 1979: 187-188

(image by Hernán Piñera)

Stop falling for the allure of News FOMO

Thinking right is important

Back to the BBC

Humans want know what risks are ahead.

Take the power back

Maybe I’ll begin by learning to take every thought captive.

Language Hack 6: Uncomfortable Situations

Go get rattled

Taking up the challenge

Tips for getting uncomfortable

Read Nathan Field’s blog here.

What Downton Abbey Can Teach Us About The Future

When my wife told me that she wanted to start watching Downton Abbey, I was a little reluctant. Although I enjoy reading the Brontes and Dickens, I’m not usually enthralled by TV period dramas. That said, after sticking with it for a season, I started to enjoy it for several reasons…

Before I get onto them, I want to talk about StrengthsFinder. When I got my results from Gallup’s personality profiling tool, I learned that Futuristic is one of my strongest themes. This means that I’m always looking ahead, and can picture fairly vividly what it might look to take certain turns in life. I gravitate towards ideas about the future, so am more naturally engaged by Sci-fi than by period dramas.

But there’s something interesting about Downton: it’s all about change.

After a few episodes I began noticing the overarching narrative: a traditional aristocratic family in the first part of the 20th Century coming to terms with a rapid succession of changes.

Transitioning from Honour to Guilt

Right now I live in the Middle East. The dominant culture here leans towards collectivism and honour much more than the individualism and guilt of my birth culture. People recognise themselves first and foremost as members of a particular group – usually a family or tribe. Even in Europe, Middle Easterners can learn a lot about each others’ history by exchanging last names.

Honour is a big part of collectivism. What one person does affects the standing of the group as a whole, so it’s important to make decisions that honour your family.

The family in Downton Abbey are on the knife edge between collectivism and individualism, and this is incredibly interesting. An example of this from season 5 is when Lady Mary decides to stay at a hotel in Liverpool with her potential fiancé in order to decide if she wants to marry him or not.

In the collectivist mind, this is outrageous. Think of the damage she could do to her family! But Mary is making a decision that she believes is in her interest as an individual.

Of course, because she is still living in an honour culture, her grandmother goes to great strains to cover up Mary’s behaviour, in order that the family, and her future prospects, are not harmed.

Embracing The Other

One of the intriguing things about the Crawley family is that they are continuously faced with opportunities to accept or reject people who are outside of their social sphere, and who others would consider outcasts.

One of the first of these is Tom Branson, the socialist chauffer who wins the heart of Lady Sybil. The family are faced with a choice: lose Sybil, or accept Tom. To begin with they reject Tom and push away their daughter, but over time, and with the untimely death of Lady Sybil, they begin to accept Tom as one of them.

As time goes by, the Crawley family become adept at absorbing people from outside into their family, whether it be ex-convicts working as servants, nouveau riche businessmen, or Lady Rose marrying into a Russian Jewish family.

The Best Educated Are Not Always The Best At Embracing Change

It’s easy to think that society’s elite are the best suited for embracing change. They’ve been to the best schools, had access to the most information, and been exposed to the highest standard of art and culture. However the Downton story shows that these things don’t automatically result in people with open minds.

In reality, Lord Grantham has been raised to maintain a system. His goal is to maintain the honour and reputation of his family, and that means stewarding Downton well. He and his butler, Mr Carson, are kindred spirits. They see the world that was as the way it should be. If possible, they must uphold the old ways and traditions.

But the world is changing and the foundations of the old system are beginning to crumble. The finances of the aristocracy are no longer entrenched. The working and middle classes are asking for more opportunities and exerting themselves politically.

For each character in the series who is intent on maintaining the norm, there is another who embraces change. The Dowager Countess has Mrs Isobel Crawley, Lord Grantham has Tom Branson, Mr Carson has Mrs Hughes. Each of these relationships is a mix of polar opposite attitudes to change, and extreme fondness for one another.

Why is this important to the future?

Each of these themes is important to our world at the moment: Exploring honour culture should help us better understand the challenges refugees face when coming to terms with European society.

As our cities and towns become increasingly multicultural, it’s good to ask ourselves if we will open the door to embrace and include the outsider, even if it means that we may be changed in the process. Check out this small town in Finland that did just that.

And when we see the entrenched elite squirming at the rise of new leaders from more ordinary backgrounds, we can remember that they’re not always the best suited for facing change. We mustn’t fear change just because they do.

Who knows, perhaps the trouble Lord Grantham had with accepting the future is the same that Tony Blair and Gordon Brown were expressing at the prospect of Jeremy Corbyn gaining power 🙂

The Psychology of Conflict

It can be so easy to view institutions as unshakeable, fixed perspective, entities. They stand for something that is public and impersonal, something unchangeable.

But what if we looked at organisations more as the sum of their individual parts than as an official whole?

A few weeks ago I was listening to the wonderful Analysis podcast from the BBC. In the podcast they interviewed psychologists who were working with groups long in conflict.

Listen to the episode, “Will They Always Hate Us?” here

They carried out experiments to see if they could increase levels of empathy of one side in a conflict towards those on other side. They showed Palestinians fake news articles of an Israeli leader criticising his own government. After reading this news article, they found that the group had greater empathy towards Israelis. They reversed the test, and found that it had the same effect on Israelis.

By observing self criticism, the readers started to see that the unified group that they were used to thinking of a single identity was actually made up of people with many different perspectives. They began seeing people as people, not just a category.

The researchers also questioned the leaders of these conflicting groups about what it would take for them to begin discussing solutions for peace in their region, and the answers they received were fascinating.

Benjamin Netanyahu, the president of The Israeli Government said,

I have nothing to discuss with Hamas until recognise the right of the Jewish people to be here. If they’re ready to recognise that right, then anything is on the table to discuss.

Khaled Mashal, of Hamas asked researchers,

Will they ever apologise for the harm they did our people in 1948, for their dislocation and dispossession?

Many of the answers surprised researchers because they weren’t based on monetary or material restitution, but on showing recognition and respect for the other’s story.

Each side in a conflict has a different history on which their worldview leans. In order for meaningful dialogue to take place, the other side needs to recognise this alternative history.

As I listened to it, rather than hearing an institution at odds with another institution, I heard the voices of people who have been wronged and who need their pain legitimised, recognised, owned up to, so they might move forward into something constructive.

Essentially they were saying time and again something akin to “we need forgiveness.”

Too often in popular society forgiveness is seen as either something easy and insincere or too costly (the Husband forgiving his wife’s murderers the day after she’s killed). But at the core of it there’s something essential to forgiveness that frees both parties to move forward into the present. It’s something divine, the effects of which have the potential to unstick centuries of misunderstanding.

But it also takes daring. It takes leaders who won’t let pride stop them taking the first step.

(Image credit: hjl)

Dear Henning (A Tribute To Henning Mankell)

Dear Henning,

For all of the above, I’m very grateful.

With much respect,

(Image credit: PalFest)

Stumbling Over My Words

Learning a new language opens a world of opportunities to experience vulnerability, especially if navigating your every day life depends on it.

Arabic writing

Just over a year ago, my wife and I relocated to Jordan in order to learn Arabic. In the future we want to work with Syrian refugees, and we know that speaking the language will open up a world of opportunities to connect with those who are most vulnerable.

We live in an area made up of refugees from different eras. There are the Palestinians who began arriving during the 1940s, the Iraqis who arrived during the 1990s and 2000s, and now the Syrians who arrived here during the last 5 years.

Everything from ordering drinking water, taking a taxi or buying vegetables depends on us finding the right combination of words, tone and pronunciation.

Each day in school, we take classes in formal Arabic grammar (Modern Standard), and the Jordanian spoken dialect (known as Ammiya).

Out of our many experiences of facing vulnerability through language learning, our reading class is the one I find the most humbling (humiliating).

In these classes we take it in turns to read out loud to a group of 8 people, while the teacher corrects mistakes and assists with pronunciation. When we’re finished reading, we summarise what we’ve just read in formal Arabic into spoken Arabic.

During the class I sit there anticipating my next turn to read. I feel tense, I mentally assess the abilities of my fellow students (comparing them with my own). The closer it gets to my turn, the more agitated I get and the less my mind focusses.

It’s exhausting.

The main source of tension during these classes comes from the fact that I really want to be good at reading.

I want to excel at the language and for others to recognise that I am good.

But the pressure to be good hinders my performance.

I so badly want to perform well that I psych myself out and end up stumbling over my words. When the teacher corrects a mistake, instead of absorbing the feedback and jumping right back into the passage, I waver and my mind jumps around the page. I start second guessing and totally lose my flow.

The problem with pretending is that with it comes the fear of being found out.

It requires maintaining a facade of competence, that requires a great deal of energy.

Learning to Let Go

So I’ve decided to work on my vulnerability issue. Instead of pretending that I’m good at reading Arabic, I’m admitting that I find it hard.

I’m accepting the fact that in order for my language to blossom, I need to take myself less seriously.

And I’m trusting that, as Brene Brown discovered in her research on the subject, vulnerability is the pathway to creativity and wholeheartedness.

By giving up worrying about what other people think of my abilities, I might just have the space to begin improving.

(Image credit: Neil Hester)

Sliding the Rolling Wet Hills: an Interview with Dougal Paterson

Dougal Paterson big wave

And you now surf big waves?

What inspired you to try it?

Parallel Bible: An Interview with Andrew Breitenberg

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© 2014-2018 Jonathan Morgan


Hope for the “Me” Generation

The “Baby Boom” generation was so anxious to have good relationships with their children that they tended to set aside their primary role as parents.  Their desire to be their child’s best friend nurtured the advent of a self-centered, demanding, “Me Generation” who believes the world revolves around them.  But there’s hope!

Parenting in Past Generations — Too Rigid

As I’ve grown older, I see more with the eyes of my heart than I do with those on each side of my big nose.  And the aging process has brought me to a greater understanding of my own mom and dad’s parenting style.  I’ve learned that things really weren’t as bad as I used to think they were.

My dad, like yours, was less than relational; his focus was on providing for his family.  Working at the same job for 38 years; providing was his way of showing love for his family. He demanded respect. He taught us to be responsible because that’s the way he was taught, and he wanted us to live the same way.

My father worked hard because he grew up during the Great Depression, and he knew first-hand the challenges of having little to live on.  He also saw to it that our family was protected. Food was always on the table, a roof was always over our head, we all went to college, and the enemy he fought in the South Pacific never marched on our homeland.

Parenting in Today’s Generation — Too Relational

Then, the 60’s and 70’s came along. Some called it a revolution. Millions of “Baby Boomers” fell head over heels toward relationships and feelings of love for all mankind. Our music and lifestyle expressed our desire for universal peace and love.  We swooned to lyrics like “all you need is love,” and “smile on your brother; everybody get together; try to love one another right now.”   There was a “whole lotta’ love” going around.  And we “showered the people we love with love… showing them the way that we feel.”  Then we took our desire for peace, love and affection right into our parenting style.

Baby boomers as parents focused on maintaining peace and love, at all costs. We were determined to have better, stronger relationships with our kids than we had with our parents; carrying out these normally good and healthy desires to an extreme.  Out of financial abundance, we gave our kids everything they ever wanted, and more.  Modern conveniences allowed for more free time and less responsibility.  Soccer moms equipped with minivans shuttled kids from one event or activity to another, with stops at McDonald’s in-between.  We indulged, spoiled and provided too much “stuff” as misguided expressions of our love.

But Good Relationships Are Good, Aren’t They?

What’s wrong with too much love?  Nothing!  But there is something wrong with it if it is our only focus.  To put it bluntly, placing kids on a pedestal and focusing our lives on them created feelings of entitlement.  Kids began equating our love with our pocket book and our willingness to do things for them.  Their thrills in life came from getting new toys, new clothes, new honors, and new excitements. They became demanding, selfish, adrenalin junkies, searching daily for new thrills. When the excitement ended or the money train slowed, they became angry. We wanted to be the best parents ever, but the more we focused our attention and our money on our kids, the more they fell into anxiety, depression, and outright defiance. After all, they wouldn’t admit it, but deep down they were terrified for what they would do after they left the comforts and indulgences of home. Perhaps you have a teenager fitting this description living in your home right now?

The crux of the matter is that it is hard to be a good parent when our focus is on having peace, love and friendship with our children.  This becomes especially difficult in step-families and some adoptive families.  The crucial role of correcting and holding children accountable is impossible when our overriding concern is to avoid any form of damage to our friendship. But what we need to realize is that our children need parents first, not more friends.

So, the big question is this:  How do parents establish their position of authority, while also maintaining their relationship with their teen?  In other words, how do we find a proper balance without swinging the pendulum too far the other way?

Tell your teenager…“I desire to stand beside you and walk with you in life… but make no mistake; I will stand in front of you when I need to.”

Parenting the Right Way – Balanced

A simple answer is to say things like “No” and “Maybe” more often; and we need to apply boundaries and consequences when our kids cross over the line.  Balanced parenting is applying strength when needed; and tenderness at the same time.  It is not just one or the other, it is both. The essence of balance in parenting is to stand beside our children and walk with them through life, while also determining to stand in front of them when we need to stop them from their foolish ways.

Our goal should be to help our kids get to where they want to be, and keep them from going to a place they really don’t want to end up. But since they are too immature to know any better, we need to remain in control, no matter how upset it makes them temporarily. Then, as they mature in their thinking, the reins can be gradually released. Believe me, your kids will express their appreciation when they are older for holding them in line as teenagers, and they’ll realize that you did it out of love, not to be mean or rigid.

It’s never too late to start being a balanced parent; have a loving relationship, while also holding them responsible.  Your children need your correction, wisdom, and willingness to help them travel the path of life before them. Yes, your teen needs a parent and a friend, but when push comes to shove, they need a parent more.

Mark Gregston


Within the scope of this course, the students will learn about the fundamental approaches to literature and various forms of literary criticism. They will learn about and will be able to interpret the relationship between form and content in a literary work and the relationship between a work of literature, the inner world of the author and society through various examples from Turkish and world literature. The students will be expected to read and compare Reşat Nuri Güntekin’s Çalıkuşu (The Autobiography of a Turkish Girl) and Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre by the end of the semester.

Türk Medya Tarihi dersi, Türkiye'de basının doğuşu, basına ilişkin getirilen yasal düzenlemeler ve bunların sosyo-kültürel ve siyasal yansımaları, tarihsel bir süreklilik içerisinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu dersin içeriğinde doğrultusunda Osmanlı’da Tanzimat Öncesi ve Tanzimat Dönemi Türk Basını (1828-1876), ilk gazeteler (Türkçe, Türkçe-dışı ve yabancı, azınlık), Birinci Meşrutiyet ve İsdibdat Dönemi (1876-1908) ve İkinci Meşrutiyet Dönemi (1908-1918), Kurtuluş Savaşı ve Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş yıllarında basın, tek partili dönem ve çok partili hayata geçişte basın, ilk demokrasi denemeleri, tam çoğulculuk yılları, 1960, 1971 ve 1980'li yıllar ile 1990'lı yıllarda Türk basını konularını yer almaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak ders kapsamında basında tekelleşme ve tematik yaklaşımlar üzerinde de durulmaktadır.

Within the scope of this course, the students will learn about the history and tradition of making meaning through visual means, and mankind's relationship with symbols and visual references from cave paintings to art, photography, cinema and mass media. They will also learn how to recognize and interpret certain cultural and ideological representations and references within visual products, such as the male gaze, stereotypes and propaganda. The aim of this course is for the students to gain a certain perspective about the history of images, internalize a visual way of thinking and become able to interpret the seemingly simple but important visual messages found especially in cinema and mass media products

The main purpose of this course is to explore communication processes and practices in a work environment. Organizational work force has changed significantly over the past two centuries and as a result this course will emphasize the processes, practices and difficulties of communication between and among large groups of people engaged principally at work. Organizational structures, patterns of communication, task and social roles, extrinsic influences, and methods of producing intrinsic motivation and innovation have evolved into many different forms.

Superior-subordinate communication have evolved into many changes and become important for today’s organizations in general as if subordinates see their immediate managers as one of the key information source for motivation to work. So, communication competence of individuals, especially individuals who are appointed to managerial positions which has an authority and influence on individuals (subordinates), become important qualification to provide good communication and harmony within work groups and teams. Since managers deal with intact work groups, it is very likely that managers need to be aware of individuals with different communication needs, expectations, approaches and practices.

The goals of this course are to 1) understand the process of communicating with others in an organizational group, 2) formulate timely written opinions about the status of communication in organizational settings, 3) apply organizational communication research to a wide range of contexts from intrapersonal to societal and 4) how to improve information flow with communication audit.


The freezing cold can damage your cellphone

Most people never leave home without their cell phones, but frigid cold temperatures can affect your electronics if you aren’t careful.

“If you leave your phone in the car there’s the possibility that you can freeze the LCD in your phone, the liquid crystal,” said Joshua Watters, owner of Mr. Mustache Phone Repair.

Experts warn not to leave your phone in your car if temperatures are at or below freezing. (WNEM)

He said for the most part, your phone or tablet will be just fine in the cold for a short period of time. After a few hours though things will start to go south.

“It’s cold enough, the LCD freezes and it’ll actually crack,” Watters said.

Your phone’s battery can also suffer from the cold temperatures.

“It can just get depleted and not take a charge anymore. It’s almost the same as it overheating if you leave it out in the sun in the summer time at over 140 degrees,” Watters said.

Watters said both your screen and battery are replaceable and it’s not the end of your device’s life.

He cautions people to be careful with snow because the water damage on your phone can destroy it.

“If you’re outside shoveling just make sure you don’t get snow in your pockets with it. Your body heat will melt it and water and electronics is never good,” Watters said.


Cold cure confusion?

"A cure for the common cold could soon be a reality" the Daily Express claimed, reporting that scientists have "achieved a breakthrough" with new research into the virus. However, The Daily Telegraph reported that research shows the cold virus "may never be eradicated", although it may one day lead to drugs to target different strains of the virus.

These reports are based on a study that has identified the complete genetic sequences that make up all 138 known strains of rhinovirus, the virus that causes the common cold. The reason why humans do not become immune to the common cold, and why vaccines and treatments generally prove ineffective, is that the genetic sequence of the rhinovirus can quickly mutate and create new viral strains. This study has also shown that the different strains of the virus can swap pieces of their genetic code, causing further variation.

Given the changing genetics of the cold virus, antibodies and treatments that target specific strains can quickly become less effective. Therefore, although the knowledge generated in this study is a key tool in helping scientists to understand the virus and, potentially, to develop new treatments, it does not mean that a cure is likely in the near future.

Where did the story come from?

Dr Ann C Palmenberg and colleagues from the University of Wisconsin and other universities and institutes in the US carried out this research. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the University of Maryland School of Medicine. It was published in the peer-reviewed journal Science.

What kind of scientific study was this?

This was a genetic study where researchers aimed to identify the genetic sequences that make up all known strains of the human cold virus (human rhinovirus or HRV). This virus causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. It also causes almost half of all cases of intensification of asthma symptoms.

This virus' genetic material is not made up of DNA, but a similar molecule called RNA. Like DNA, RNA is made up of four building blocks (nucleotides), and in RNA these are called A, C, G and U (DNA has T instead of U). These 'letters' are joined together in different sequences to make up chains (strands) of RNA. Each virus contains a strand of RNA that holds information for making the 11 to 12 proteins that make up the virus. The known strains of rhinovirus each contain different variations in the sequences of their RNA, but are thought to fall into three different species called HRV-A, HRV-B and HRV-C.

The researchers looked at all 99 known strains of the rhinovirus and 10 strains obtained from people with upper respiratory tract infections. They identified the sequence of the RNA of each of these different strains.

The researchers used computer programs to compare the RNA sequences from each strain as well as rhinovirus sequences already published by other researchers, looking for similarities and differences.

They used a number of different computer programs to help them work out a family tree for these viruses, exploring how they were likely to have developed from common ancestor viruses.

What were the results of the study?

The researchers identified the complete RNA sequences of 99 known strains of the rhinovirus, as well as the 10 strains obtained from people with upper respiratory tract infections. Comparing their information with rhinovirus sequences already published by other researchers they found that, overall, they had the full genetic sequences for 138 different strains.

The strains all shared certain areas where their sequence was very similar (conserved regions), but there was also a lot of variation between the different strains. The genetic sequences of the strains were found to be made up of similar proportions of the four letters that make up RNA. Within each species, about two-fifths of the amino acids (building blocks of proteins) that these sequences encoded were the same.

The researchers found that a specific area near the start of each RNA sequence was very variable between the different strains, with each strain having a virtually unique sequence. The polio virus is known to have a similar region, and the variations in this region determine how infectious (virulent) the strain is. This suggests that genetic variations in this region may also contribute to levels of infectiousness in rhinovirus strains.

Building a family tree of the different strains based on their genetic sequences suggested that the HRV-A and HRV-C strains had a common ancestor, which was also related to the HRV-B group. They found that three of the strains within the HRV-A species had quite different RNA sequences to the others, which suggested that they might be a new species of rhinovirus called HRV-D.

The researchers also found evidence that different strains had been exchanging pieces of genetic material, which is thought to occur when a person is infected with two strains of the virus at the same time.

What interpretations did the researchers draw from these results?

The researchers conclude that their results suggest that future studies of human disease caused by rhinovirus might benefit from identifying exactly which strain was involved by looking at its genetic sequence.

They say that, by using this approach, researchers might be able to obtain more information about the different levels of infectiousness of the various strains. They say it will help in studies of human disease, as well as in the development of new treatments and vaccines.

What does the NHS Knowledge Service make of this study?

This thorough study provides a database of information that will be useful in future studies of the cold virus. It shows the high level of variability between different strains of rhinovirus, and highlights some of the reasons why this virus has proven so difficult for the human body and for medical treatments to defeat.

This information may help scientists to identify possible ways of tackling the cold virus. However, the fact that the virus' genetic material changes quickly, and the ability of different strains to swap genetic material, mean that combating this virus is likely to remain a considerable challenge. Given the properties of this constantly changing virus, a cure is not likely to be just around the corner.

Links to Headlines

Scientists 'map DNA of common cold for the first time'. The Daily Telegraph, February 12 2009

Cold cure breakthrough. Daily Express, Februaury 12 2009 [Published in print only]

Links to Science

Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R et al. Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human Rhinovirus Genomes Reveals Structure and Evolution. Science Februaury 12 2009 [Advanced online publication]

Supporting online material

Useful Links

Article's categories
Genetics/stem cells
Medical practice
Article Review/Published Date
2009-02-13 15:08:00Z
Credits Section
Analysis by Bazian
Edited by NHS Choices


Date Tags pelican

On-page SEO best practices allow us to communicate with search engines in a language that they can understand. Fortunately, search engines and researchers have compiled checklists based on common markup and important ranking factors. The small businesses with a physical place of business would do well to invest in local SEO, online public relations and branding, optimizing for mobile and experimenting with Google AdWords. Always keep the restrictions of the small screen in mind when creating or editing content. Don’t use too many long sentences, keep your paragraphs around four sentences and use many stops like lists and headings to break up your text. Every page of your website (if optimal) represents an opportunity to rank that page and dozens more when combined with SEO best practices.

Creating and Establishing Quality

Websites can occupy a so-called Bad Neighborhood. This refers to all websites that have been severely downgraded by search engines. At the same time, you Do your mathematical analysis - the primary resources are there for the taking. Its as easy as KS2 Maths or ABC. Its that simple! also need to consider something called ‘LSI’ or ‘Latent Semantic Indexing’. This is basically a fancy term that explains how Google now understands actual meaning rather than just looking to match words. The way it does this is at least partly by looking for synonyms and related terms when trying to answer questions. In short, don’t just use the exact keyphrase but be sure to use lots of relevant and related language. Link building refers to building credibility on your website by having your links appear on other web pages. What SEO specialists and strategists should be doing, instead of link building, is establishing relationships with local influencers and businesses. If your current website isn’t using HTTPS then you should start scoping out a migration.

Thousands of backlinks with a same anchor text produce negative results.Apart from disavowing low quality backlinks, I did see people disavowing their backlinks due to this over anchor text density. One of the most time-consuming parts about link-building is actually finding places that will give you links. Google wants to ensure that the sites it serves up in search results are relevant and up-to-date. A site that hasn’t been changed in two years is never going to do well. The length of search phrases continues to grow. Back when the Internet was just an upstart, single keywords were the only thing you needed.

Dominate your own little niche first

Fully optimizing for user intent requires an understanding of how your potential customers buy via your inbound marketing channels. As a result, make sure that you have identified these sales funnels as they are crucial for capitalizing on optimizing your website for user intent in search. Search engines have made it clear: a vitally important part of the future of search is “rich results.” Reviews can benefit businesses of all types, but they also have very specific and special benefits for local businesses. Gaz Hall, an SEO Expert from the UK, said: "Try to ensure the key phrase is an exact match to what the searcher will type into a search engine. Natural language in search is becoming more prevalent, especially with the rise in voice search and Google’s understanding of natural language queries."

Proper HTML and CSS Validation

The world of search is a big one; even if you serve a niche industry, there are hundreds -- or even thousands -- of keywords and topics to choose from, and your choices could make or break your strategy. Make sure you are doing your best to have diversity in your Anchor Text when building backlinks. As far as ranking factors go, Anchor Text which had the search keyword in it tended to rank higher in Google for exact match searches and phrase match searches. SEO is not hard. It does, however take time – it involves technical tweaks on your website, competitive analysis/content strategy, and building links from around the web. Blog comments are a great way to promote content, diversify anchor text and build out a natural link profile.


World’s Longest Sea Bridge

World’s Longest Sea Bridge
Filed under:
on 02/17/2010

Source: Automotoportal.com

Hangzhou Bay Bridge - World’s Longest Sea Bridge (Photo: ABC News Australia)Hangzhou Bay Bridge - World’s Longest Sea BridgeHangzhou Bay Bridge - World’s Longest Sea BridgeHangzhou Bay Bridge - World’s Longest Sea BridgeHangzhou Bay Bridge - World’s Longest Sea Bridge

The Hangzhou Bay Bridge was first conceived in 1994 and construction actually did not begin until 2003 and was finally opened to the public in 2008. The bridge is estimated to have carried a minimum of 50,000 vehicles a day from one section to the other. The chief director of the project is said to have thought that this bridge is one of the three largest on earth and is built in one of the worst sea environments for a bridge, since typhoons and sea soil are drastically different in this area of the world.

There were many investment partners in the bridge project, including a total of 59% of the money coming from loans from China’s regional banks and 35% of the money coming from private companies in the area of Ningbo. The main reason for the bridge’s construction was to help bring more development to the Yangtze river delta and increase the economic power China has. This bridge created not only a way for traffic networks to be combined in two areas, but also a way of creating relations between the two business districts on either end of the bridge.

Click to enlarge

The bridge is built in the East China Sea gulf of Hnagzhou Bay, where the Qiantang River Tide makes large waves and extremely fast waters. This area is highly prone to typhoons, and all of these were reasons for concern when building and planning the project.

The cable stayed design was chosen because it is able to hold up under the conditions of weather that the area is known for, and has been created for seismic criterion so that it holds integrity in the event of an earthquake of up to a 7.0. Each of the 3 lanes going each direction measure a total of 3.75 km in width and the total width of the bridge spans 33 meters. The grade at the cross slope is only a 2% while there is a maximum of a 4% longitude slope. The speed limits are posted at 100 km per hour for the main drags, while land approaches have a speed limit of 120 lm per hour. The total height of the bridge is 62 meters, so that container ships are still able to pass through beneath regardless of water conditions. The total amount of cable used for the project was 32.2 km.

The construction mostly took place on land and was then moved into the water after completion. One of the many challenges while building the bridge was the fact that many eruptions of natural gas in shallow layers along the line of the bridge were taking place. A team of experts was brought in and they conducted experiments and found that they could release the gas before pile driving, therefore causing no disturbance to the soil and the ground would no longer collapse. In construction, floating cranes and anchors as well as launching gantries were used to ship and place the girders in the sea bed. The shore seen construction taking place on mudflats on the south shores and a temporary trestle was created for creating the piers. Bad water conditions caused problems with anchoring the barges and other construction ships. The bad tidal flow and typhoons caused flow currents from 2 to 3.3 m per second at the sites on either end of the would be bridge.

The entire Hangzhou Bay Bridge is constructed of 9 separate sections, with the first being a lead road to the north end approach. The north end approach lies on piers and is made up of many concrete girders and leads to the bridge. The most notable sight on the bridge at this time are the two diamond shaped towers that sit directly in the middle of the site. For GPS monitoring, the construction crew used te Trimble 5700 RTK system and is still set up where the bridge crosses the Hangzhou Bay.

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Identity is our prized possession. Once its stolen, it can cause a lot of harm to you. See how your identity can be stolen so that you can take necessary action even before you get attacked.

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Identity Protector scans your computer for any traces of Personal Information and any saved passwords and locks them away in a “Vault” on your system that can only be accessed by a single Master Key password that you create. Even we don’t know your password because it’s encrypted on our servers.
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Why Do a Jane Austen Retelling?

Posted by in Emma + Elsie

Jane Austen is more popular than she’s ever been in history, thanks to a number of recent retellings and remakes of her most popular novels. So what’s drawing me toward creating another story with these characters?

I’ve asked myself this a lot, especially because there are so many other modern Austen retellings out there, and not even just books. The most popular ones are Clueless, Bridget Jone’s Diary, The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, etc.

Then there are meta stories, like Austenland, Becoming Jane.

And then there are actual remakes of most of the stories as well, in both BBC miniseries versions and multiple full-length movies.

And yet… Jane Austen is simply a classic, and the more I study her books, the more I become fascinated with her world and the way she portrays her characters.

So, I’m doing it, and I will make it awesome and different than all the other options out there. There will be a few things that set my series apart:

Retelling + Mashup

The focus of these books are on Emma Woodhouse and Elsie Bennet, two characters from different Jane Austen books (Emma and Pride and Prejudice). That begs a lot of other questions that wouldn’t come up in a normal retelling:

  • How does someone like Emma Woodhouse respond to someone like Chuck Bingley, and why does he choose Jane over her?
  • Why are Emma and Elsie friends in the first place, when Emma cares so much about class and it’s clear that Elsie’s family has little of it?
  • What does someone like Jace Knightley, who doesn’t always approve of Emma’s choices, think of her friendship with Elsie Bennet?

These questions make the retelling more interesting to me, because they shift both narratives in subtle ways and ultimately add a lot of story that isn’t actually there in the originals.

New Adult

The classic versions of Jane Austen’s books were always about young women growing up and finding their places in the world (typically through a romance). There is no doubt in my mind that the modern version of this would be the New Adult genre, books which are often about adults who don’t quite have to face adulthood yet; they are put in adult situations and deal with adult problems while not having to immerse themselves completely in that world.

I believe the New Adult version will add some depth to how these books would look with a modern twist, especially because the reasons to be with someone are so much different in modern times.

I love serialization and I knew that it was the right format for this series, because it would allow me to go deeper and explore little scenes in both books with a lot more space to expand on them.

As with all serials, I believe in limits. This series has 18 books, but they’ll be bundled and all that good stuff, about 6 full books worth of content. I really think the extended version will make them even better and more fulfilling for Jane Austen fans.

I’m mostly creating this series because I love Jane Austen and I want more! There is never enough story, for some reason… so, I’m going to do one my way.


Capstone/Dissertation Title

Motivational attitude: a study of the effects of motivational principles on students' attitudes towards mathematics

Degree Name

The research question addressed is, how does purposefully crafting Geometry lessons using principles of motivation and engagement affect high school students' attitudes towards mathematics? Fennema and Sherman's validated questionnaires published in 1976 are used as a means to measure attitude, confidence, usefulness, anxiety, significant other perceptions, and effectance (motivation to master) in mathematics. Strategies and noted principles to increase motivation and engagement are used as a means to improve student attitudes towards mathematics. Orhun (2007) cites that teachers who recognize student differences in methods of learning will have a greater chance to connect the mathematics to their students in various ways, thus increasing their students' motivation to learn the subject. Similarly, students who understand the styles with which they learn best are more likely to approach learning with a better attitude and, in turn, become a stronger student.

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#Bookreview The City by Clifford Simak

#BookReview Kenobi by John Jackson Miller #StarWars

Star Wars Kenobi (promo cover)

Book Review: The Moon is a Harsh Mistress

Heinlein is one of those names that when I hear it I am instantly filled with a sense of respect and admiration. With the likes of Bradbury and Asimov, Heinlein has me from the outset. Unlike the others, Heinlein usually loses me in pretty short order.
This book is probably the best of the old masters that I have read, or the one that has held up the best. Heinlein is just so deeply wedged in his own ideology that his science fiction is unable to see beyond his limited scope.
I enjoyed this book. Yet I found it too often fell into the Heinlein flaws of still rejecting females as worthy characters and always having the government as the ultimate evil. In short, I am starting a campaign in my own mind to revoke Heinlein’s legend status, not because he no longer deserves it, but because he never deserved it in the first place.
Orson Scott Card may be a horrible human, but at least his books don’t show that.

Book Review: The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins

I knew the basic premise of this one going in, but I have never seen the movies and knew only the basics. I have to say, for a global phenomenon that this book created, I am rather disappointed. The story held my interest, but the plot was predictable. The book read like a children’s book, but the subject matter was a bit extreme for a children’s book. I felt like it wanted to be Ender’s Game, but Ender’s Game was not a children’s book, it was just a book that children were drawn to. I am in no hurry to read the other two books in the series, but I may pick them up if the mood strikes me.

#Bookreview Forward the Foundation by Isaac Asimov

The last of the Foundation books, how sad! The journey of the Foundation series, both the original and the prelude books is perhaps the greatest sci-fi series I’ve read. This final installment was in many ways a lot like the first book. It was a series of short stories taking place over a span of time. While the original was about the foundation, this followed the foundation’s designer, Hari Seldon. It is a great book for fans of the series and a suitable conclusion, but if you haven’t read all the other Foundation books, go do that before picking up this final chapter. Asimov may be dead, but he laid the foundation for science fiction, and maybe even a second foundation.

John Scalzi’s the Human Division

John Scalzi is a famous author of science fiction, and his books often explore a universe where old men are genetically modified and made young in order to serve as soldiers in outer space. Part of the process turns these formerly old men into youthful, agile, and green not-quite humans. The old people young thing, sure. The outer space battles against countless aliens, sure. The green skin, alright. Where Scalzi went over the line and shattered my suspension of disbelief was when he stated that the Cubs had won the World Series. Get the hell off my book shelf! Anyway, fair to good read besides that; however, if you wanted a novel, keep looking. This is a book of intertwined shorts.


Idaho Statutes

18-7011.  Criminal trespass — Definition and punishment. (1) Any person who, without consent of the owner or person in charge of any lands which are inclosed by fences of any description sufficient to show the boundaries of the land inclosed, shall go upon such lands and shall leave open any gates on or about said premises, or who shall tear down or lay down any fencing, or who shall willfully remove, mutilate, damage or destroy any "No Trespassing" signs or markers, or who shall go through cultivated crops that have not been harvested, or who shall damage any property thereon, or who without permission of the owner or the owner’s agent enters the real property of another person where such real property:
(a)  Is posted with "No Trespassing" signs;
is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding six (6) months or by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00) and not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by both such fine and imprisonment.
As used in this subsection and in section 18-7008, Idaho Code: "enters," "entry" and "entering" mean going upon or over real property either in person or by causing any object, substance or force to go upon or over real property.
(2)  No motor vehicle shall be willfully or intentionally driven into, upon, over or through any private land actively devoted to cultivated crops without the consent of the owner of the land or the tenant, lessee or agent of the owner of the land actively devoted to cultivated crops. Violation of the provisions of this section shall be a misdemeanor. For the purpose of this subsection, motor vehicle shall be defined as set forth in sections 49-114 and 49-123, Idaho Code. Land actively devoted to cultivated crops shall be defined as land that is used to produce field crops including, but not limited to, grains, feed crops, legumes, fruits and vegetables.

[18-7011, added 1972, ch. 336, sec. 1, p. 975; am. 1976, ch. 154, sec. 2, p. 551; am. 1984, ch. 37, sec. 1, p. 63; am. 1984, ch. 55, sec. 2, p. 95; am. 1988, ch. 265, sec. 561, p. 857; am. 2005, ch. 359, sec. 12, p. 1139; am. 2014, ch. 28, sec. 2, p. 40.]

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Prints and Visual Communication

The sophistication of the photographic process has had two dramatic results-freeing the artist from the confines of journalistic reproductions and freeing the scientist from the unavoidable imprecision of the artist's prints. So released, both have prospered and produced their impressive nineteenth- and twentieth-century outputs. It is this premise that William M. Ivins, Jr., elaborates in Prints and Visual Communication, a history of printmaking from the crudest wood block, through engraving and lithography, to Talbot's discovery of the negative-positive photographic process and its far reaching consequences.


News | June 9, 2009

Manipulating Light On A Chip For Quantum Technologies

chip img2

"We have been able to generate and manipulate entangled states of photons on a silicon chip" said PhD student, Jonathan Matthews, who together with Alberto Politi performed the experiments. "These entangled states are responsible for famously ‘weird' behaviour arising in quantum mechanics, but are also at the heart of powerful quantum technologies."

"This precise manipulation is a very exciting development for fundamental science as well as for future quantum technologies." said Prof Jeremy O'Brien, Director of the Centre for Quantum Photonics, who led the research.

The team reports its results in the latest issue of Nature Photonics [June 2009], a sister journal of the leading science journal Nature, and in a Postdeadline Paper at 'The International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC)' on June 4 in Baltimore, USA [IQEC Postdeadline Papers].

Quantum technologies with photons

Quantum technologies aim to exploit the unique properties of quantum mechanics, the physics theory that explains how the world works at microscopic scales.

For example a quantum computer relies on the fact that quantum particles, such as photons, can exist in a "superposition" of two states at the same time — in stark contrast to the transistors in a PC which can only be in the state "0" or "1".

Photons are an excellent choice for quantum technologies because they are relatively noise-free; information can be moved around at the speed of light; and manipulating single photons is easy.

Making two photons "talk" to each other to generate the all-important entangled states is much harder, but Professor O'Brien and his colleagues at the University of Queensland demonstrated this in a quantum logic gate back in 2003 [Nature 426, 264 (2003)].

Photons are also required to "talk" to each other to realise the ultra-precise measurements that harness the laws of quantum mechanics. In 2007 Professor O'Brien and his Japanese collaborators reported such a quantum metrology measurement with four photons [Science 316, 726 (2007)].

Manipulating photons on a silicon chip

"Despite these impressive advances, the ability to manipulate photons on a chip has been missing," said Mr Politi. "For the last several years the Centre for Quantum Photonics has been working towards building fully functional quantum circuits on a chip to solve these problems," added Prof O'Brien.

The researchers proved that one of the strangest phenomena of the quantum world, namely "quantum entanglement", was achieved on-chip with up to four photons. Quantum entanglement of two particles means that the state of either of the particles is not defined, but only their collective state, and results in an instantaneous linking of the particles.

"The really exciting thing about this result is that it will enable the development of reconfigurable and adaptive quantum circuits for photons. This opens up all kinds of possibilities," said Prof O'Brien.

A commentary on the work that appeared in the same issue [Nature Photonics 3, 317 (2009)] described it as "an important step in the quest for quantum computation" and concluded: "The most exciting thing about this work is its potential for scalability. The small size of the [device] means that far greater complexity is possible than with large-scale optics."

The other co-author of the Nature Photonics paper is Dr André Stefanov, formerly a Research fellow in the Centre for Quantum Photonics, and now at the Federal Office of Metrology METAS, Switzerland.

The work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Quantum Information Processing Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (QIP IRC), the US government Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) and the Leverhulme Trust.

SOURCE: University of Bristol


How To Identify A Zolpidem Overdose

When you, or somebody you know, is taking some kind of drug on a regular basis, then it is always a good idea to be able to spot the different symptoms that indicate they may have taken an overdose. Clearly an overdose of any drug can lead to potentially serious consequences so what follows are the symptoms of a Zolpidem overdose as well as information on what happens with regard to medical attention so you will know in advance what is likely to happen should you find yourself in this situation.

Zolpidem is a drug that is given to people in order to help them sleep and it does this by having two layers with the first one helping you sleep and the second that dissolves and works slower than the first so you then stay asleep for longer. There are several kinds of Zolpidem available, but they will all give the same symptoms in the case of an overdose.

Symptoms of a Zolpidem overdose.

A Zolpidem overdose can, at times, be fatal for some people especially if they have a number of other medical conditions that could be made worse by too much of this particular drug. If you have any concern at all or if there are just one or two of the symptoms, then do get medical help immediately because the quicker treatment can be administered, then the better the chances of a complete recovery.

Keeping that in mind, the main symptoms of an overdose include: the person being excessively drowsy or having real difficulty in waking them, the person is very confused and making little sense, breathing will become very shallow and labored, the person may complain of feeling light headed on a regular basis, they may faint, and finally the person may potentially slip into a coma. How severe some of these symptoms may be will vary from person to person; however, none of them should be ignored and if there is any uncertainty do get medical help as soon as possible.

How a Zolpidem overdose is treated.

In order to get treatment for a Zolpidem overdose one of the first things that must be done is to tell the doctor how much of the drug was taken as well as a rough time as this can help them to work out the best course of action for the patient as well as letting them know the different signs that they must look out for. It is also important to tell them about any other medication that they may be on due to the potential risk of it interacting with the other drugs in an adverse manner.

When it comes to the actual treatment, then it is common for the patient to have their stomach pumped or they may be encouraged to vomit due to this helping to get as much of the drug out of their body as possible. Some people may also be given the drug Flumazenil as this helps to counteract the effects of the sedative, but this must also be given under close supervision.

The drug can only be pumped out of the stomach if medical help is sought immediately because after time has passed the drug will have been absorbed directly into the bloodstream at which point the treatment has to then change to one whereby the person is monitored and any health problems are dealt with as they occur. This does mean that they may be kept under observation for a number of days with this depending on what their vital signs are like and if they do indeed develop any other issues. There may also then be further appointments to see if there has been any damage to the body in the long-term; however, there is no reason to suspect that the person cannot make a full recovery with the correct treatment.

Those are the signs of a potential Zolpidem overdose as well as information on how that overdose is then treated and the treatment does follow the same lines as any overdose of a sedative. Do just remember that there is the potential for the person to go into a coma and possibly even die as a result of taking this overdose so act quickly even if you are not sure if they have taken too much or not rather than waiting to see how they react over the next few hours.


Skilled Migration Point Test | Skilled Visa Points Test

(189/190/489 Visa)

The online skilled migration points test (PR points Calculator) is a useful way to calculate your likely score in the Skilled Migration Points test in 2018. You would need to score a minimum of 60 points however that is always not enough to be invited to apply. Book a consultation for a detailed assessment and increase your chances of success in the points test.

The pool mark for all General Skilled Migration (GSM) visa’s is 60 points. However, due to the competitive nature of these visas, a pool mark does not guarantee an invitation to apply.

The invitation mark can and does fluctuate depending on the time of year, number of candidates for the nominated occupation and the current occupation ceiling. The above points test is for the 189 visa, 190 visa and the 489 visa.

To ensure you have a competitive advantage over all other potential applicants please contact us for a Consultation. The above Skilled Visa Points Test is provided as a guide only and may not be indicative of the points assigned by the Department of Home Affairs.

At consultation, our GSM experts will ensure you claim the most points possible under current migration legislation, which could prove the difference between receiving an invitation and not.

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The bill is modeled on existing successful U.S. programs that reward those who come forward to report fraud and aims to help return assets stolen from foreign state coffers, by encouraging whistleblowers to talk to US authorities. The bill would allow the Department of Treasury to grant asylum and monetary awards to whistleblowers who provide information about stolen foreign government assets that are stored in the US.

In a kleptocracy, or “government by thieves,” corruption is the heart of the problem. According to the International Monetary Fund, as much as 5 percent of the world’s gross domestic product is laundered money, and only 1 percent of it is ever spotted. The taking of money out of corrupt countries by kleptocrats is a long-standing practice but today the scale and sophistication of this activity presents new and serious challenges to democracy. This corruption constitutes a multi-faceted threat to global security and international stability. As countries plagued with endemic corruption become breeding grounds and havens for criminals and terrorist groups who threaten global security.

“The United States must intensify the fight against foreign government corruption and the money laundering that allows terrorist organizations to thrive,” said Congressman Lynch. “Foreign governments that are weakened by corrupt leaders do not have the financial or legal resources to combat terrorist financing, and the U.S. government should be doing everything we can to stop our financial institutions from unwittingly aiding corrupt officials and terrorist organizations.”

Over the past 30 years, laws that encourage whistleblowers to report serious wrongdoing by offering monetary rewards have proven to be “the most powerful tool the American people have to protect the government from fraud.”

The bill is co-sponsored by Representatives Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ), James P. McGovern (D-MA), Norma J. Torres(D-CA), Maxine Waters (D-CA), Steve Cohen (D-TN), Ted Budd (R-NC), and Michael Capuano(D-MA).


What you need to know about UML diagrams – Behaviour diagrams (2)

The last blog dealt with 2 structure diagrams: the class diagram and the object diagram. Today, we are going to talk about behaviour diagrams illustrated by an example describing an IKEA procurement system, an easy system known to everyone to clearly understand each diagram type.

The use case diagram: describe at high level the main behavior of each actor

This diagram shows the different use cases or actions that actors can take. What ‘actors’ means? The objects with their own behaviour. In the example, we have 3 of them:

  • The “Customer”
  • The “StoreService”
  • The “StockService”

As you can see, an actor represents an object from the system, and even if it is represented by a “stickman”, it can represent the equivalent of a non-person object (like “StoreService” or “StockService”). You can find the involved objects and classes in the previous article about Structural diagrams.

usecase diagram

Through the different use cases presented in the diagram, we see 3 major actions that the customer can carry out: examine a product, retrieve information about it or buy it. We can notice that some actions include other actions and actors. For example, the request for information about a product also leads to the request for availability of a product and its price. These behaviors are expressed at a high level of details to focus on the main actions of each actor.

The activity diagram: describe the functionality of the business system

The activity diagram shows the different possible execution paths for the customer in a “Buy Items” context. First, the user examines the presentation product. Then, he has to make a choice, modeled by the diamond. Depending on a state, the diamond indicates the path taken rather than another. So, if the customer is not interested, the flow goes to the breakpoint. Instead, if he is interested by the product, the next step is the availability check phase. If the product is available, the user asks for the price. He could eventually jeopardize his purchase because of the price but in this case, we face a compulsive buyer. If he can buy, he does.

activity diagram

The sequence diagram: focus on the message interchange between lifelines

This diagram represents for a very precise scenario: the method calls made, the instances created and the returns that exist when the objects “communicate” with each other by method calls. It is mainly used for describing the internal mechanic of a behavior. The following example shows a more refined view from the three behavior “Examine Item”, “Get Information about Item” and “Buy Item” from the use-case diagram and activity diagram.

sequence diagram

This diagram shows a successful purchase of a product by the customer “John”. Each vertical lines represents the lifeline of a product. The “Order” lifeline is lower and linked to the “CreateOrder (John)”. It means that this particular command did not exist before this specific point in the execution scenario. In this diagram, we can see the “time” of a request execution, represented by the size of the rectangles on the lifelines (dotted lines). On each of the arrows, you can see which the methods are called. These methods are those shown in the diagram class. The dotted arrows returning after a call show the return values generated by method calls. If you follow the different links, you can see exactly how a purchase is going “in-house”. The customer requests to examine the presentation product. Then, he requests its availability from the warehouse, which induces a call to stock for an availability request. In this scenario, the stock, and therefore the store location, responds “true”. From there, the customer asks to put his product in his shopping cart. If an order does not yet exist for the customer (which is the case in this scenario), an “Order” is created by the warehouse and the product is added to the order. Then the customer asks for the total price of the order, which is calculated by the store by recovering the price of the “Order” (which passes through the price of the product), and then, pays. Following payment, the customer receives his product, taken from inventory.

The state machine diagram : model discrete behaviour through finite state transitions

This diagram describes the state transitions. This type of diagram can be very complexe sometimes. The idea is to consider that an object, during its lifetime, passes from one state to another depending on a certain number of conditions. A state machine diagram must be deterministe.

Behaviour State Machine Diagram

In the example we proposed, the states represented are those of a product and, more precisely, its availability. The condition that causes the product to switch from one report to another is the state of the stocks. When asked if the presentation product is available, the system checks whether there is at least one such product in stock. If so, it is then “Available”. On transitions, we use OCL (Object Constraint Language), a constraint description language to represent the condition under which the presentation product changes state.

These diagrams are called behaviour diagrams because they show the dynamic behaviour of the objects in the system describing changes over time. The behaviour diagrams are totally complementary to structure diagrams. All these diagrams reunite give you a complete vision of your system and help you to build your app for example.

Start experiencing these models with GenMyModel:

You’d also like to read: What You Need To Know About UML Diagrams – Structure Diagrams (1)


Demo of roofing area and roofing material calculator

Given below, the brief demonstration of roofing area calculator and roofing area calculator.

These tools are utilized to work out the area and the materials required for any roof. While starting the calculation process, make sure that the eaves covered areas are taken into consideration.

The roofing area calculator should be applied for computing the area coverage of the house. If the house contains asymmetrical shape, the house covered area can be segregated into a few simple shapes and their area can be added in unison. The roof pitch determines the slope of the roof.

If the roof of your house contains complicated shape, the most perfect method is to calculate all the dimensions and include the areas of all surfaces. The area calculator will be applied for estimating the area of each surface. The mostly recognized roof materials in the United States are shingles, membrane roofing, ceramic tile, etc.

Normally, the longevity of a shingle roofs is for 15 to 30 year whereas Membrane roofing generally persist for 5 to 15 years. Ceramic tile roof is costly and it lasts for over 100 years.

Roof Pitch

As per terminology, the roof pitch refers to the vertical rise divided by the horizontal span.

Make calculation Online

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roof calculator


VideoScribe Help

Use zoom and set the camera

Last updated: 17 November 2017

Setting a zoom level and camera position

Step 1. Size your element and place it where you want on the canvas (A).

Step 3. With the image selected (A), set the camera position using the ‘Set camera’ icon (B).

Tips for using the zoom function

- Zooming can be highly effective, especially when combined with morphing.

- You can set the camera for multiple elements to create different scenes.

- Try and keep the zoom percentage reasonably close to 100% for most of the scribe and use occasional zooming to highlight. The zoom percentage is shown on the bottom left corner of the canvas.

- When an element is added to the canvas it is given a default camera view - no matter how the element is resized or repositioned, the camera will always zoom in, out or pan so that that element is framed in the centre of the camera view when you play the scribe. This can be very effective to highlight an image or some text but less so if you use it a lot.

- To take the camera to the current camera position set for an element select the element and then click on that element again in the timeline.

- A camera position can be removed for an element, or group of elements and set back to the default, by selecting the element(s) (A) and clicking the 'Clear camera position' icon (B).

Remove the final zoom

To stop the scribe zooming out at the end:

Step 1. Click the 'Download or Publish Scribe Video' icon (A).

Step 2. Untick the 'Zoom at end?' box (A) and return to the canvas by clicking the cross.

If you need hold the final zoomed out shot at the end of your scribe, follow these steps.

Step 2. Add a new, simple element right at the end of your time line, and away from the other elements on your canvas.

Step 3. With this new element selected set your view to the zoomed out level that you want at the end of your scribe (make sure that you can see all your elements, but not the new element you have added) and save this camera position by clicking on the camera icon.

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Advice on writing UG4 and MSc project reports

Goals of this page

This page contains advice that I find myself giving repeatedly to students writing honours and MSc project reports. Reading it should help you with the content and organization of your report, especially the introduction.

In addition to reading this page, make sure you know the assessment criteria! As you are writing and editing your report, ask yourself: have I addressed these criteria?

The introduction

This is often the section that students have the most trouble getting right, perhaps because they are not sure (or are misguided) about what should be in it.

Your introduction needs to answer the following questions (not necessarily in this order):

  1. What is/are the goal(s) of your project?
  2. Why are these important? (Motivation for the project)
  3. How did you go about tackling the goal(s)?
  4. What did you actually achieve/what are your results?

Of course, you may also need to include a few other things like explaining some terminology or a small amount of high-level background information so that you can answer the above questions without losing the reader, but answering the questions should be the main point. I'd expect it might take 2-4 pages to properly address these questions.

The introduction should only spend time defining terms and discussing related work just enough to be able to answer the above questions. Any additional background information should go in the following Background chapter.

Also, as noted in the official UG4 project report guidance:

"This chapter [introduction] should include a clear and concise summary of your contributions (examples: adapting a suite of existing code; interpreting a theoretical algorithm; coding; testing; conducting an experiment) preferably as a bulleted list".

These may be a combination of points from questions 3 and 4 above which you can summarize as the bulleted list.

Reviewing the literature

The aim of a literature review preceding novel work (whether in a proposal, research paper, or thesis) is not to describe in detail every paper you've read that is related to the topic of your work.

Rather, the aim is to support the argument(s) you are trying to make: that there is a question or problem to address and that your chosen method is well-justified as a way to address it.

Too often, students review the literature by writing a sequence of paragraphs, each one describing a different paper. For example:

One approach to this problem was made by Smith and Li (2007). They did X (providing several sentences of description) and found Y (several more sentences). Their approach had the advantage of A but did not solve B.

Gupta and Milch (2009) presented a different method, based on Z. In their work, they did Q and P. They showed that including bag of words features improved the results, which is why I plan to do so here.

[...more paragraphs, more papers...]

The second paragraph above does begin to justify a particular approach (and the first paragraph might also, if that approach is intended to solve B). But in general, a much better way to organize your literature review is by first identifying the argument(s) you want to make, and then organizing your review around the argument(s).

This approach typically leads to a different style of paragraph. Instead of each paragraph describing a single paper, each paragraph will contain a single controlling idea or claim. Typically (but not necessarily) that claim will be stated in the first sentence. The remainder of the paragraph will provide evidence for that claim. In many cases that evidence may come from more than one paper, but it's often unnecessary to provide much detail about each of those papers in order to support the claim. For example:

Over the years, there have been two main approaches to this problem: X (cite1, cite2, cite3) and Y (cite4, cite5). Here, we follow approach Y because it has property Q (cite4), which is more suited to our setting.

The results of cite4 and cite5 also provide some preliminary evidence that Z may be an important factor in the success of these models. In particular, cite4 showed A and cite5 showed B. However, their experiments are not entirely convincing because P. Therefore, we plan to experiment with both Z and ~Z and directly compare results.

There are some situations in which it is appropriate or even necessary to describe the details of previous work, simply as a description. The most common case is when your own work follows the previous method very closely, in which case the reader needs to understand the details of that previous work in order to understand what you have done. It may also be appropriate to describe details of methods you are comparing directly against. Other than that, be wary of "description" paragraphs in literature reviews.

If after reading this you are still confused about the difference between a "description" paragraph and a "claim-evidence" paragraph, you may also want to read UNC's guide to paragraph development. (What I call "claim-evidence" is their "illustration" paragraph type.)

Sectioning, transitions, and main points

Be wary of using very large numbers of very short sections, and/or using section headings as a crutch to indicate the structure of the document. The section headings may make sense to you, but by themselves they are often insufficient to make the document structure clear to the reader; instead you should make sure the text itself includes transitions, introductions, and/or conclusions that clarify its structure, giving the reader a sense of direction. Consider what would happen if you removed the section headings. Would the document make any sense? A clearly structured document ought to. Crucially, you need to make sure that the main point of each section is clearly stated (i.e., why have you included that section in the document? What is it supposed to tell us?), and that this point is clearly related to what came before (and often, what will follow).

Normally, the main point of each section and the transitioning/context information should come as an introduction to the section, which could be just a sentence or two for short (sub)sections or could be much longer. Introductions may or may not have explicit section headings--usually you would only put a section/chapter heading on an introduction at the beginning of a full paper, or (for a multi-chapter document) at the beginning of the whole document and each chapter. Otherwise it should be:

text introducing main point and how the subsections relate to this point
stuff 1
(relationship of C to B and/or to the main point of A)
stuff 2

In addition, for any medium or large section of a long document (including sections shorter than a full chapter), consider: would it help the reader to include a conclusion that reminds them what the main point of the section was and again fits things into the context of the larger chapter/document (often including what are the missing pieces that the following sections will fill in?). The conclusion doesn't have to be a separate section, it could just be a couple of sentences at the end.

Last modified: Wed, May 21, 2014 3:53:24 PM


Akram Alian

Assistant Professor Akram Alian

Research Interests:

X-ray crystallography of macromolecules from infectious pathogens

Short Synopsis:

We seek to understand the molecular basis of how viruses interact with the host cell and manipulate key cellular processes to aid their replication. Viral-host complexes play an integral role in the biology of the virus and range from binary protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes to much larger multi-component complexes.  Defining the biochemical and structural basis of these interactions offers the potential to improve the current therapeutics, develop new intervention strategies, and understand the mechanism of emergent drug resistance. To decipher the molecular basis of these interactions at the atomic resolution we use a multidisciplinary approach of diverse methodologies including virology, biochemical, biophysical, and structural biology by X-ray crystallography.

Alian A, Griner SL, Chiang V, Tsiang M, Jones G, Birkus G, Geleziunas R, Leavitt AD, and Stroud RM. Catalytically-active complex of HIV-1 integrase with a viral DNA substrate binds anti-integrase drugs. 2009, PNAS, 106: 8192-8197.
Alian A, Lee TT, Griner SL, Stroud RM, and Finer-Moore J. Structure of a TrmA-RNA complex: A consensus RNA fold contributes to substrate selectivity and catalysis in m5U methyltransferases. 2008, PNAS, 105: 6876-6881.
He X, Alian A, and Ortiz de Montellano PR. Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase InhA by arylamides. 2007, Bioorg Med Chem., 15: 6649-6658
Verras A, Alian A, and Ortiz de Montellano PR. Cytochrome P450 active site plasticity: attenuation of imidazole binding in cytochrome P450(cam) by an L244A mutation. 2006, Protein Eng Des Sel., 19: 491-496. (Cover figure)


Printed circuit board assembly prototyping: machine assembly vs. hand assembly

- Apr 26, 2017 -

  Printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) is heart and brain of most electronic devices. When PCB was first invented in the 1950s, circuit boards were exclusively hand assembled and limited in scope, lacking the connective properties of multilayer PCBs.

  The contemporary standard for PCB assembly is automated machine assembly, but some electronics makers or hobbyists still choose to hand assemble their boards for low-volume prototyping. This approach could be efficient especially when repeat verifications are needed, though it could lead to inconsistency problems. If machine assembled prototyping is still needed for mass production verification, this could prolong the production lead time.

1. Consistency and accuracy

  Automated machine-assembly preserves likeness across every unit produced, virtually abolishing the variations that would otherwise result from hand-assembly. This consistency makes it easy to create additional working copies of the PCB if ever requested at a later point.

Furthermore, developing a partnership with a PCB assembly partner helps capture and store changes or specific criteria for future use, i.e, PFMEA (process failure mode and effect analysis). In return, Manufacturability review by Electronics Contract Manufacturing partner helps to improve Design for Manufacture (DFM) performance

2. Shorten produced development cycle

  The time investment for hand assembly ranges from a day to a full week, depending on the board’s complexity. By partnering with an EMS(Electronics Manufacturing Service) provider, not only grants you the peace of mind in knowing that your board will be returned in pristine condition, but frees your schedule for other aspects of design and production. Multiple steps can be completed in parallel, saving production time and money. Besides, machine assembly on prototypes can also verify the manufacturing process and save the production lead time when you are about moving to volume production.

In conclusion

  Owning to automated machine assembly, the PCB assembly services are now available from the professional EMS provider on small-volume orders.

Previous:Electronics Manufacturing Services for the Automotive Market Next:What is OEM, ODM, ECM, EMS?


North End Cyclery Ltd.

Switch and Bait?

What’s more, she says – that is a ongoing ailment in addition to an economic one. For example, there are many types of fish women that are pregnant aren’t likely to eat, and they could be consuming such seafood without also knowing it in the event that’s what they obtain if they order something else.. Switch and Bait? Fish buyers beware The fish you order in lots of supermarkets and restaurants might not be the fish you get.Apart from smoking; air pollution from vehicles, factories and manufacturing plants are also the other sources that are categorized as main category. Prolonged contact with air pollutants and passive smoking share a major part in developing lung cancer also. For workers, employed in manufacturing and factories vegetation, increased contact with chemicals and harzardous gases is normally general. Although they take safety measures by wearing masks, however, many amount of contaminants get inhaled. Harmful chemicals Iike asbestos, arcenic, chromium, nickel, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur monoxide, radon gas etc could possibly be the major reasons to trigger lung cancer cells.


 Earth and Environment 1672-9250
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Earth and Environment

ISSN 1672-9250
Organizer: zhong guo ke xue yuan di qiu hua xue yan jiu suo
Publisher: di qiu yu huan jing za zhi she
Description: "The Earth and the Environment" (originally called "Geology and Geochemistry") as the core of academic publications, the environmental geology discipline as the main direction of the main report and the human environment are closely related to the Earth's atmosphere - plant - soil - water - rock material between the spheres Geochemical migration process, and human, the interaction between ecosystems and the Earth for a variety of environmental problems, including environmental geology, environmental geochemistry, Quaternary geology, environmental hydrology, disaster geology, environmental monitoring and evaluation, environment and health, with special review, research, applied research, experimental research, new theories, new technologies, new methods, discussions and other columns. (Translated by machine.)


5 different essay styles

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5 different essay styles
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