2017 Jasmine Hassan Dalat World History

Timeline created by jhassan1
In History
  • 4,500 BCE

    4 - Egypt - Geography and Ancient Egypt

    The water, silt, and protective geographic surroundings let a huge civilization to rise up in Egypt. The Nile in Egypt gave life to the desert giving Egypt the name "The Gift Of The Nile." After farming started developing in the Nile, the civilization of Egypt started to develop along the river. Many powerful leaders unified Egypt. The modern day connection is that the Egyptians impacted on surgery in the world today
  • 4,000 BCE

    3.4 - Sumer - The Rise Of Sumerian and Akkadian Empire

    The Sumerians, developed what is called a city-state (consisting of a city and a countryside around it). Aside from Sumer, there also rose the Akkadian empire. In the Akkadian empire, a rebel of the Sumerian empire, Sargon, ruled over the empire. Sargon was a powerful monarch. He had many tricks up his sleeve when on the battlefield. Many of the Sumerians worshipped polytheism (a worship of multiple gods).
  • 3,500 BCE

    3.3 - Sumer - Sumerian Achievements

    In Sumer, they developed the first form of writing called cuneiform. After that, they developed a form of writing with picture symbols, called a pictograph. Usually, a scribe would use these forms of writing to copy a document of some sort. Not long after, the Epic of Gilgamesh was created.
  • 3,500 BCE

    4.5 - Kush - Ancient Kush

    Kush and Egypt had a very weird relationship. They would trade with each other. However, they would also fight a lot. Merchants were the traders who traded with Kush along the Mediterranean and Red Sea. Kush would export goods to their other neighbors, and get imports for repayment.
  • 3,300 BCE

    4.4 Egypt - Egyptian Achievements

    The Egyptians made achievements in all types of things such as writing, art, and architecture. They developed an Egyptian writing system using hieroglyphics.
  • 3,100 BCE

    4.1 - Egypt - Geography and Ancient Egypt

    We learned about how the ancient Egyptians were built next to a river delta (the Nile River). Every so often the Nile would start having a cataract (a rapid flood) which would sometimes destroy crops. So, the Egyptians installed irrigation systems to help the unexpected floodings. In addition, pharoahs ruled over ancient Egypt. The most famous Pharoah was called Menes (3100BC)
  • 2,700 BCE

    4.2 - Egypt - The Old Kingdom

    The Old Kingdom was a period in ancient Egyptian history that lasted about 2700 - 2200 BC. The most famous pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was called Khufu who ruled around the 2500s BC. The most important person in Egyptian culture was the pharaoh. However, just below the pharaoh were the upper classes. These people were called nobles (from rich and powerful families).
  • 2,630 BCE

    4.2 - Egypt - The Pyramids

    In the early ages, Egyptians believed that burial sites (especially royal tombs) were very important. So they built pyramids, which were humongous stone tombs with four triangle shaped sides that met at the very top.
  • 2,600 BCE

    4.2 - Egypt - Religion and Egyptian Life

    Much of the ancient Egyptian religion focused on the afterlife, or the life after death. They believed that the afterlife was a happy place. Part of their religion also included mummification. A mummy would be a specially treated dead body wrapped in cloth.
  • 2,000 BCE

    8.1 - Greece - Geography and the Early Greeks

    The geography in Greece helped develop the Greek Civilization.The Greeks were influenced by trading cultures that were developed in the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. However, the Greeks made city-states for safety and protection.
  • 1,800 BCE

    3.4 - Euphrates River- The Babylonians

    The Babylonians was located on the Euphrates River (near what is now Baghdad, Iraq. Their most powerful monarch was called Hammurabi. They were known for the Hammurabi code (a set of 282 laws).
  • 1,600 BCE

    6.1 - China - Geography of Early China

    China's geography made travel very hard, put farming was very easy. The civilization of Early China started along the Huang He, by the Chang Jiang river. The first dynasties of China helped China develop and helped them make many other achievements.
  • 1,250 BCE

    5.2 - India - Origins of Hinduism

    Hinduism is the largest religion in India. It was developed from the beliefs and practices from the Early Indians.
  • 1,100 BCE

    6.2 - China - Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas

    Before the Zhou dynasty declined, the Zhou dynasty expanded China. A man called Confucius gave ideas to bring peace to Chinese society. However, Daoism and Legalism had many followers as well.
  • 1,050 BCE

    Egypt - Middle Kingdom + New Kingdom (Section 3, Ch. 4)

    The Middle Kingdom was when there was a period of time when they had a stable government. In the New Kingdom, trade and military power was at the highest point in Egyptian history. Both classes had different family and work life.
  • -940 BCE

    Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Babylon - The Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans (Section 4, Ch. 3)

    The Hittites lived in the Asia Minor. They had many Hittite rulers, and were the first group of people who could skillfully use the chariot. The Assyrians lived in Northern Mesopotamia. They had multiple Assyrian kings who ruled and they were known for being fierce in battle. The Chaldeans (from the Syrian Desert) settled down in the modified version of Babylon. Their main leader was Nebuchadnezzar. They were known for studying astronomy, for they were the centre of it all.
  • -800 BCE

    Phoenicia - The Phoenicians (Section 4, Ch. 3)

    The Phoenicians lived in a place called Phoenicia (located down in the Fertile Crescent). Their main leader was called King Ahiram. They were known for creating the first ever alphabet.
  • -753 BCE

    10.1 - Rome - Geography and the Rise of Rome

    Geography of Italy and Rome made it difficult to travel. However, it helped the Roman Empire flourish. Many Ancient historians were intrigued by Rome’s history. After the Roman nobles got tired of monarchy, they grew into a republic
  • -720 BCE

    8.3 - Greece - Greek Mythology and Literature

    Myths were created to explain the Earth. The ancient Greek literature gives some of the worlds most amazing stories, epics, and poems, The Greek literature still influences our world today!
  • -600 BCE

    9.2 - Greece - Sparta and Athens

    To have protection over themselves, the Spartans built up a powerful army society. The Athenians adored creative mindsets and arts, they were also into physical abilities. Both empires fought to decide who should have power over Greece.
  • -550 BCE

    9.1 - Greece - Greece and Persia

    Cyrus the great created an empire called the Persian Empire. After Cyrus was not heir to the throne, Darius I made the Persian Empire more powerful. In the Persian wars, the Persian Empire fought the Greeks twice.
  • -520 BCE

    India - Origins of Buddhism (Section 3, Ch 5)

    India developed Buddhism, which is now a major religion in India. It all began when a legend was created. Siddharta Guatama's story captivated many Indians -- a man who wandered throughout India in search of wisdom. Buddhism is a religion to help you find peace within yourself, and not in others. Buddhism isn't just in India. After Buddhism was spread throughout India, other countries started worshipping Buddhism as well.
  • -509 BCE

    10.2 - Rome - Government and Society

    The government of Rome was a tripartite that worked together to rule Italy properly. The patricians wrote laws for plebeians and foreigners to read and follow. The Roman Forum was a meeting place, market, and where the Twelve Tables were published.
  • -500 BCE

    8.2 - Athens, Greece - Government in Athens

    In early Athens, rich landowners and powerful leaders ruled. The first ever proper democracy was actually developed in Athens. However, their ancient democratic ways were very different than ours today.
  • -500 BCE

    13.1 - West Africa - Landforms

    Savannah - grassy plain with a few trees
    Sahara - biggest sand desert in the world
    Niger River - Essential part of Early west African development
    Sahel - a mostly dry area found just south of the Sahara
    Rain forests - moist area with several trees.
  • -359 BCE

    9.3 - Greece - Alexander the Great

    In the 300s BC, Macedonia took over Greece. A 20y/o man called Alexander the Great built an empire that reunified Europe, Asia, and Egypt
  • -320 BCE

    India - Indian Empires (Section 4, Ch 5)

    Back then, there were two Indian empires that were great empires. The empire that unified most of India was an empire called the Mauryan Empire. Then, the Gupta empire rose to power. Many leaders of the Gupta empire encouraged Hinduism.
  • -300 BCE

    9.4 - Greece - Greek Achievements

    The Greeks admired great works of arts. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were philosophers who taught people about their belief of the “human mind to think, explain, and understand life.” The Greeks made inferences and discoveries in maths, sciences, and medicine.
  • -264 BCE

    10.3 - Rome - The Late Republic

    The Roman rebublic observed the growth of territory and trade in Rome. So, they traveled and conquered many places in order to get new ideas in trade and territory.Many merchants brought goods from other places for the farmers. After many wars, the Romans almost took over all of Italy. Many crises hit the Roman republic.
  • -221 BCE

    6.3 - China - The Qin Dynasty

    The first Qin emperor, Shi Huang Di, created a powerful but strict political system. Shi Huang Di conquered all of China, and unified it. The Qin dynasty was the shortest lasting dynasty.
  • -206 BCE

    6.4 - China - The Han Dynasty

    The government of the Han Dynasty was based off of the teachings of Confucius. The family life was strengthened in the Han Dynasty (your parents could send you to jail if you had disobedience)! The Han Dynasty was the first dynasty to have a common emperor. They made many achievements in art, learning, and literature.
  • -206 BCE

    6.5 - China - Han Contacts with Other Cultures

    During the Han Dynasty, manufacturing and farming grew popular in the trading committee. The trade routes linked China together with Eastern Europe and Rome. Buddhism started to influence China from India, and gained many Chinese followers.
  • -70 BCE

    11.1 - Rome - From Republic to Empire

    There was a disorder in Rome, causing Julius Caesar to come into power. The Roman Republic ended as soon as Augustus Caesar came into power. The Romans grew beyond the Mediterranean. They succeeded in arts, sciences, and maths.
  • 50

    11.2 - Rome - The Roman Empire and Religion

    Rome had a bad fight with the Jews due to their religious tolerance. Christianity was spread through Judaism. Eventually, Christianity was the official religion in Rome.
  • 250

    16.1 - Mesopotamia - The Maya

    The geography of Mesopotamia helped develop the lives of the Mayans. In the classic age, the Mayans created big successful cities that were trade linked. The Mayan culture was shaped by the social hierarchy, religion and achievements. The decline of Maya was unclear or how it ended.
  • 300

    India - Indian Achievements (Section 5, Ch 5)

    In India, many mastered the skill of art and science. Beautiful and religious paintings and sculptures were created by Indian artists. During the Gupta period, the Sanskrit language increased in popularity throughout the country. In addition, many Indians mastered the skill of medicine, an example of one of the main sciences the Indians mastered.
  • 400

    17.1 - Europe - Geography of Europe

    There were a variety of different landforms in Europe that had different climates and life forms that varied. The geography shAped life in Europe from the locations of homes, to the actual people.
  • 550

    15.1 - Japan - Geography and Early Japan

    Japan was isolated at a time, however China and Korea had a great impact on the culture. The geography impacted the way the Japanese live life. The clans that were developing over time were ruled by one emperor. They were influenced by Chinese and Korean culture .
  • 589

    14.1 - China - China Reunifies

    The Period of Disunion was thetime of war. Yang Jian from the Sui dynasty reunified China and began building the great canal. The age of Buddhism was born and influenced many throughout China.
  • 600

    12.1 - Arabia - The Roots of Islam

    Arabia’s foundation is a desert. Muhammad, the man who invented the religion of Islam, spread his spiritual invention throughout Arabia in the 600s AD
  • 618

    14.2 - Tang and Song achievements

    The Chinese improved in their agriculture that made them also improve trade. As the song and tang dynasties prospered, cities grew. Fine arts and inventions were also popular. During that time, paper, porcelain, woodblock printing, gunpowder, movable type, magnetic compasses, and paper money were invented.
  • 700

    12.2 - Arabia - Islamic Beliefs and Practices

    A book called The Qur’an would show Muslims what to do spiritually in their lives. The Hadith called Sunnah, referred to the ways of Muhammad’s lifestyle, which provided a rough draft on the lifestyles that the Muslims had to follow. Overall, Islamic Law has a foundation over the Qur’an and Sunnah.
  • 726

    India - Geography and Early India (Section 1, Ch 5)

    India's first civilization was developed around the Indus River. India contains great geography, such as the Himalayan mountains, beautiful rivers, and very heavy rains. The Harappan civilization was one of the first civilizations to develop along the Indus River (the most famous river in India at the time). Then, the Aryan migration to India altered with the region's civilization.
  • 750

    17.2 - Europe - Europe after the fall of Rome

    Missionaries and Monks spread Christianity to the northern part of Europe. Charlemagne led the Franks who created a Christian city and dwelled with scholars around Europe.there were several threatening invaders througgout the 700s to the 800s
  • 800

    13.2 - Ghana - Trade

    Trade impacted Ghana greatly, through silent bartering of gold and salt. Because of the increased trade, Ghana was able to make money off of taxes and expand their borders.
  • 900

    15.2 - Japan - Art and Culture in Heian

    During the Heian period, the Japanese reached its peak in culture and art. Buddhism was also in Japan during the Heian period.
  • 1000

    13.4 - West Africa - Griots

    A griot is a storyteller that preserved west African history. They did this by telling other griots about the story. This action was called oral history. There was a risk of details changing overtime when sharing an oral history. But unfortunately, West Africans never developed a written language.
  • 1000

    18.1 - Europe - Popes and Kings

    Both popes and kings lead Europe politically and religiously. However, eventually, popes in Europe tried to fight for power, therefore causing the church to split. Kings and popes had issues getting along.
  • 1050

    17.3 - Europe - feudalism and manor life

    Feudalism was used by knights and nobles to help them deal with each other in peace. Feudalism spread around Europe. Then, there was a manor system that dealt with the society and economy. Towns and trade grew and ended feudalism
  • 1095

    18.2 - Europe - The Crusades

    The main pope started the crusades along with the crusaders to invade Palestine, the holy land. There was some benefit from the Crusades, however, it failed anyway. The Crusades impacted the history of Europe forever
  • 1100

    18.3 - Europe - Christianity and medieval society

    In medieval Europe, The Christian Church ruled over the society and politics. Monks and friars did not appreciate the teachings of the Christain Church. Later on, church leaders began building religious universities in Europe. The Christian Church impacted a lot of the arts back then.
  • 1120

    15.3 - Japan - Growth of a Military Society

    Japan created a military system that were governed by generals called shoguns. The samurais and shoguns were taking over Japan as the emperors fell out of influence. The Samurais had a code of honor, called Bushido. The order fell when the shoguns were challenged by rebellious invadors.
  • 1184

    14.3 - Confucianism and Government

    Confucianism influenced several governments in China. The Qin dynasty however, suppressed Confucianism. During the Song Dynasty, scholar officials ran the government of China.
  • 1200

    18.5 - Europe - Challenges to Church authority

    The church punished people who went against their teachings. The Christians fought with Muslim Moors in Spain and Portugal in hopes to drive them out of Europe. Jews faced discrimination in Europe because Jews killed Jesus back then.
  • 1215

    18.4 - Europe - Political and Social Change

    The Magna Carta, document listing rights that the king could not ignore, changed the government and legal system of England. Then, after the Hundred Years' War came along, the political system of both England and France changed dramatically. Suddenly, the Black Death struck through Europe and caused the social changes during the Middle Ages.
  • 1270

    19.1 - Europe - The Italian Renaissance

    The increased trade with Asia and Italy made Italy very rich, leading to the Renaissance. Italian writers and artists created great works during the Renaissance.
  • 1300

    19.2 - Europe - The Renaissance Beyond Italy

    While the Renaissance occurred, Europe made great advances in maths and science. Ideas and inventions spread quickly throughout Europe. The printing press, development of paper, and universities were invented.
  • 1324

    13.3 - Mali - Mansa Musa

    Mansa Musa was the most famous Mali leader. He was really rich. He caused inflation wherever he went. He also took a pilgrimage to Mecca. He built schools and believed in the value of education. After his death, his son really dropped the ball and his empire fell. Lesson: always be a good parent
  • 1325

    16.2 - Mexico - The Aztecs

    The Aztecs created an empire in central Mexico. The Aztec empire was developed with the hierarchy and warfare. Unfortunately, Hernan Cortes, a spanish general, conquered the Aztecian empire in 1521
  • 1368

    14.4 - China - The Yuan and Ming dynasties

    The Mongolians (including Genghis and Kublai Khan) ruled lver China for a period of time, this time was called the Yuan dynasty. Stability and prosperity were establishe in the Ming dynasty. There weee large changes in the government of China under the Ming.
  • 1400

    12.3 - Arabia - Islamic Empires

    Muslim armies grew strong and powerful, leading them to many victories in war. Land was given to them after their victories. Due to the many conquered lands, Islam slowly spread across the empire. Islam was also spread through trade. From the 1400s and 1800s, three Muslim Empires ruled over parts of Africa and Asia, and some parts of Europe.
  • 1450

    20.2 - Europe - Great Voyages of Discovery

    European explorers had the chance to explore in the 14 and 1500s. In the 1500s, Portuguese and Spanish were the most wealthy regions because explorers such as Gama who found a new trade route in Asia. As the 1600s rolled around, the English and French were most wealthy because they claimed and discovered the land of North America.
  • 1453

    11.3 - Rome - The End of the Empire

    There were many conflicts that brought down the Roman Empire. Therefore, the emperor at the time had to split Rome in half. After the split, more political problems formed, causing the Roman Empire to end. In the East, a group of people created a society with an influential religion to the West.
  • 1500

    16.3 - South America - The Incas

    The Incan empire had a very strong government based in South America. T he social hierarchy, religion, and achievements helped shape the Incan culture. However, Pizarro conquered and controlled the Incas in 1537.
  • 1500

    19.3 - Europe - The reformation of Christianity

    Reformers wanted to reform the Christian church, however, several others left the church to start new churches. The Catholic Reformation was meant to reform the church positively as a whole from the inside. After the Reformation, there were religious wars and social changes
  • 1500

    20.1 - Europe - The Scientific Revolution

    The birth of our modern science was born in the Scientific Revolution. New discoveries helped the European scientists study nature. Religion, human attitude, and the physical world were all impacted by the society from the Scientific Revolution. New scientists and astronomers such as Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton discovered several things in our universe.
  • 1500

    20.3 - Europe - New Systems of Trade

    Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas traded with new plants, animals, and ideas. New trade patterns were developed in the 16 and 1700s and shifted throughout Europe. Europe’s businesses were changed by market economies. In the 1500s, there was a Colombian Exchange between the Americas and Europe where they would trade crops and other resources. Several new economies were also developed such as market economies, capitalism, and mercantilism. There was also Atlantic slave trading.
  • 17.4 - Europe - Feudal Societies

    Japan and Europe had similarities such as the feudal society. They also shared royalty, nobles, and warriors, etc. They also differed in culture such as art and religion.
  • 21.1 - Europe - Ideas of the Enlightenment

    another way to say Enlightenment is ‘The Age of Reason.’ The Enlightenment originated with earlier ideas. The more modern ideas came from French and British thinkers. The Enlightenment was mostly secular, or non religious. Several people founded and created new ideas.
  • 21.2 - Europe - New Views on Government

    Monarchies have been influenced due to the Enlightenment. Democratic ideas were also influenced from the Enlightenment. The Enlightment inspired the Declaration of Independence. Several politicians and thinkers such as Locke, Montesquieu, Franklin, and Jefferson have influenced the politics due to the Enlightenment.
  • 12.4 - Arabia - Cultural Achievements

    Muslim teachers and scholars made great achievements in sciences and philosophy. Besides sciences, the Muslimsnalso created great and beautiful arts of poetry , short stories, and breath taking architecture and buildings.
  • 21.3 - Europe - The Age of Revolution

    The government of England was dramatically changed due to the Revolution and Reform. The democracy of America was led by the Enlightenment. The French Revolution also changed politics in the French Government.
  • Hong Kong - Jasmine Hassan was born

    Finally, baby Jasmine a born healthy and happy. Her parents are rejoicing and so is her family.
  • Studying History - (Section 1, Ch. 3)

    In this first section, we learned about how history can impact you, others, and your world. We learned about how primary sources are written events that you actually participated in, and how secondary sources are written events you DID NOT take part in. Finally, we learned about archaeologists who study artifacts and the historians who study our past.
  • 6 - China's modern day connection

    The modern day connection of China is how the Han dynasty influenced the art in China today. In addition, the Qin dynasty's writing system is still used to this day. Lastly, Confucianism is still believed to this day and is a common practice with multiple Chinese families.
  • 6 - MDC - China

    *couldnt fit the modern day connection on timeline*
    The modern day connection is that when the Shang dynasty created their first writing system, it is still used to this day. In addition, the Han Dynasty influenced the people today with Confucianism.
  • 8 - MDC - Literature

    The modern day connection is that the Greek's myths and literature have influenced modern culture and language today. For example, if you look at the Greek alphabet, and compare it to ours, both very similar. in addition, Greek Latin has impacted parts of our words in the dictionary.
  • 9 - MDC - Greek Drama

    The modern day connection. The Greeks created theatre drama, so that’s why out movie theatres exist today.
  • 10 - Rome - MDC

    Rome has impacted our world with many great arts. However, their republic has affected many political systems. Republics still exist today.
  • 11 - Rome - MDC

    Since the Romans grew in Christianity, they have influenced modern Rome with the beautiful religion. Christianity is one of the main religions in modern Rome
  • MDC - 12

    The modern day connections are that the Muslims had spread the religion of Islam, that an estimated 1.5 billion people are into the Islamic religion. Muslims also influenced calligraphy, or decorative writing.
  • 13 - MDC - Music

    Some of the music that we listen to today may have come from ancient African griots. Especially jazz music.
  • 14 - MDC

    The modern day connection is that China invented paper money so that we today wouldn’t have to carry heavy coins around. Instead, many of us carry paper money.
  • 15 - MDC

    Even though Bushido was originally created for the samurai soldiers, Bushido still influences the Japanese society today. Modern day Japanese people claim to feel a connection with the samurai, therefore practicing the Bushido code. Loyalty, honor, dedication and discipline are still valued in modern day Japan.
  • 16 - MDC

    The weaving of the Incas have still influenced sevaral Incans living in the mountains. To this day, mountain people have still sheared llamas and have turned them into quilt-like fabrics to make money. Dyes have also influenced the way they weave and process fur.
  • 17 - MDC

    Europe has influenced the world by spreading their religious arts to several people in the world. Europe has also influenced their own monarchy. They have lived with kings and queens from 400 to 2018
  • 18 - MDC

    The Crusades impacted modern-day Europe with flag art. Many crosses are included in Europe's flags because of the impact of the Crusades.
  • 19 - MDC

    The reformation all started by Martin Luther. After the Reformation, several new churches and "religions" were formed and still exist in the world today. Lutherans were also created due to the Reformation.
  • 20 - MDC

    The modern day connection is that Gama discovered a new trade route in Asia that led to more trade between Europe and Asia. Many others also traveled the world and created maps to map the world.
  • 21 - Europe - MDC

    The Enlightenment influenced the Declaration of Independence which led to America gaining freedom and democracy. They influenced the main political system in our world today — democracy.
  • Period:
    10,000 BCE
    -500 BCE

    Fertile Crescent - People (Ch. 3)

    Right after the Sumerians, a lot of cultures ruled over portions of the Fertile Crescent, including the Babylonians, the Hittites, the Assyrians, the Akkadians, the Sumerians, the Chaldeans, and the Phoenicians. The modern day connection is that the Mesopotamian people influenced trade today, such as the trade routes and so on.
  • Period:
    4,500 BCE

    Egypt - Early Egypt (Ch 4)

    Old Kingdom lasted 2700 - 2200 BC. Middle Kimgdom lasted 1700 BC. New Kimgdom lasted 1550 BC. Hieroglyphics developed in 730 BC. The modern day connection about ancient Egypt and Kush is that their hieroglyphics impacted a little bit on the English alphabet and is a common study of many archaeologists. The modern day connection is that now people have some knowledge on surgery since the Egyptians mummified corpses by taking out their organs.
  • Period:
    2,300 BCE

    Ancient India (Ch 5)

    In this chapter we will learn about all types of culture. Such as Hinduism, Jainism, etc. We will also learn about the development of India and about India's first ever civilization. The modern day connection is that the Indians advanced in math and science, and the Hindu Arabic numerals are still used today.
  • Period:
    2,000 BCE
    -500 BCE

    Ch. 8 - Greece

    The ancient Greeks were influenced with trading cultures and individual city-states. Athens were the first ever people to have a proper and direct democracy.
  • Period:
    1,600 BCE
    AD 1

    6 - Early China

    The civilization of Early China started with the Shang Dynasty a along the Huang He river. Then, the Zhou dynasty stabilized the political systems to help the political and social problems in China. Next, the Qin dynasty unified China with a strong government and Shi Huang Di's standardization. After the fall or the Qin dynasty, the Han dynasty ruled over China and changed the government system and influenced art. Then trade was influenced so that the Chinese could trade with other countries.
  • Period:
    -753 BCE
    -27 BCE

    10 - Rome - The Roman republic

    Through time, the Roman Republic grew, becoming the most powerful republic in Italy. While many fought in war, others grew in trade, territory, and many great leaders ruled.
  • Period:
    -550 BCE
    -30 BCE

    9 - Greece - The Greek World

    A cavalry is a unit of military soldiers who ride horses. The Greeks made many alliances, agreements to work with others. Greece impacts the world today with their similar writing as the Phoenecians, and their democracy impacts several countries.
  • Period:
    -500 BCE

    12 - Africa - Islamic and African Civilizations

    Around 600AD, a man, Muhammad introduced Islam, a religion into Southwest Asia. Around 100 years later, it had spread to North Africa, and into several regions of Europe. After a few more years, Islam had spread into West Africa, where trade was huge.
  • Period:
    -500 BCE

    13 - Africa - Early African Civilizations

    The empires of West Africa grew wealthy from trade. Geography and trade impacted the Early African culture. Leaders of Ghana built a West African Empire through salt and gold trade. Mali, Songhai, and Great Zimbabwe developed tribes in Africa. Africans didn’t have a written language . instead, they developed a culture of arts and stories
  • Period:
    -500 BCE

    16 - The Early Americas- USA

    The Maya started with a highly advanced civilization that flourished in Mesopotamia. Then, the Aztec empire rose that was founded in Mexico. However, it didn’t last for long because the Spanish came and wiped them out. Finally, the Incas had a large empire held in South America , however like the Aztecs, the Spanish wiped them out too.
  • Period:

    11 - Rome - Rome and Christianity

    After establishing their first empire, the Romans grew in the Christian religion. They grew both in politics and faith. Christianity influenced the Romans in around 312 BC, Christianity was spread almost all over Rome.
  • Period:

    17 - Early Middle Ages

    In this chapter, I learned about how Europe has several varieties of landforms and climates that have different life forms. Europe became an unsafe place after the fall of Rome. Obligations and complex issues ruled over the Middle Ages. Europe and Japan have their differences in society, however they have similarities in culture.
  • Period:

    15 - Japan

    Japan was in isolation for a few years, however they were influenced by China and Korea. The Heinz period was the golden age in influencing Japanese culture in the 800s to th 1000s. A military system led by shoguns.
  • Period:

    14 - China - Reunification

    After the period of disunion, China reunified thanks to the leaders of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. The Tang and Song periods were the times when culture and technology flourished. Confucianism took a big part in influencing the Song Dynasty. During the Yuan dynasty, many foreign leaders ruled. However, in the Ming dynasty, they threw the Mongols off and prospered.
  • Period:

    18 - Europe - The Later Middle Ages

    Both popes and kings had high authority in the European Society in the Middle Ages. The Christian and Muslims fought over holy lands for years called the Crusades. The Christian Church was most focused on in the Middle Ages. The European political and social system had great changes in the later Middle Ages. The Christian Church took disrespect to their church very seriously during the Middle Ages.
  • Period:

    19 - Europe - The Renaissance and the Reformation

    The Renaissance was the rebirth of arts in the wealthy cities of Italy. Not only was the Renaissance in Italy, it was also in other places as well. The Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church led to major social changes and the wave of new churches.
  • Period:

    20 - Europe - Science and Exploration

    The scientific revolution consisted of Europeans developing a new way of building knowledge that changed the perspective of how people viewed the world. Explorers from Europe brought knowledge, wealth and influence to their homes. The development of new economies (mercantilism and capitalism) was influenced by the Old and New world.
  • Period: to

    21 - Europe - Ideas of the Enlightenment

    Thinkers from the used earlier information to create new ideas and bring light to reason. Ideas from the enlightment influenced influenced the politics and government in Europe and America. Then, the Age of Revolution consisted of a change in the government of Britain, American colonies, and France.


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Arithmetic Aptitude :: Pipes & Cistern

6. Pipe A can fill a cistern in 6 hours less than Pipe B. Both the pipes together can fill the cistern in 4 hours. How much time would A take to fill the cistern all by itself?

Answer: Option C

Explanation :

Let's assume time required by Pipe A to fill the cistern = X hours
So Time required by Pipe B to fill the cistern = (X + 6) hours
? Both Pipes (A+B) can fill cistern in 1 hour = [1/X + 1/(X + 6)]
Given Both pipe fill the cistern in 4 hours
=> [1/X + 1/(X + 6)] = 1/4 => [(X+6) + X]/(X+6)*x = 1/4
4X + 24 + 4X = X2 + 6x
X2 - 2X - 24 = 0
(X-6)(X+4) = 0
=> A can fill cistern in 6 hours.

Asked In :: Global Edge

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Simpsons is still going strong

I can't believe that the Simpsons have survived 18 years. I was only 14 when this show aired and I even remember it being on the Tracy Ullman show. Who could have predicted that it would last this long. That tells you the staying power of a cartoon. Matt Groening is one of the smartest men in television because he has come up with enough content to cover 18 years. I must admit it's not a favorite show of mine but my other family members enjoy it. Cheers to the Simpsons. May you have many more. (Photo courtesy: Cnn.com)


In my installations, I use objects from our everyday world that include pins, paper dots, and ping pong balls to create work that emphasizes our connection to the cosmos. The reflective materials I use create ephemeral, continuously changing reflections of the surroundings that become part of the artwork, emphasizing impermanence and the supremacy of the present moment.


Definitions of brain

  1. hit on the head
  5. the brain of certain animals used as meat
  6. kill by smashing someone's skull
  8. The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
  9. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
  10. The affections; fancy; imagination.
  12. To conceive; to understand.
  14. To dash out the brains of.
  15. Cerebrum, the mass of nervous matter within the cranium.
  17. The nervous matter in the skull; the intellect.
  18. To dash out the brains.
  22. To kill by dashing out the brains.

Usage examples for brain

  1. The coming of Napoleon had a strange effect on the tutor's brain. – Napoleon's Young Neighbor by Helen Leah Reed
  2. The human brain does its best work, he says, when men are happy. – The So-called Human Race by Bert Leston Taylor
  3. The thought shot through her brain: " What am I doing here? – The Song of Songs by Hermann Sudermann
  4. Even in that moment, Kate's whirling brain did Channing justice. – Kildares of Storm by Eleanor Mercein Kelly
  5. Say, what do you want to do- brain us?" – The Boy Scouts On The Range by Lieut. Howard Payson
  6. Besides, the connection between Biff's ears and his brain was never very good. – Peter A Novel of Which He is Not the Hero by F. Hopkinson Smith
  7. Suddenly his dazed brain cleared. – Northern Diamonds by Frank Lillie Pollock
  8. I don't know whether it's water on the brain or what it is. – The-Circus-Boys-on-the-Flying-Rings-or-Making-the-Start-in-the-Sawdust-Life by Darlington, Edgar B. P.
  9. If you only start his brain half- working it's worth a couple of normal ones under full head. – The Lash by Olin L. Lyman
  10. More brain, O Lord, more brain! – The Complete Project Gutenberg Works of George Meredith by George Meredith
  11. Her brain is second only to her heart! – Warlock o' Glenwarlock by George MacDonald
  12. His heart was soft, and his brain all that was wanted for his own purposes. – Delia Blanchflower by Mrs. Humphry Ward
  13. The one thought in his miserable brain was his sister. – Thomas Wingfold, Curate by George MacDonald
  14. " I have hands and a heart and a brain as good as Simone's. – The God of Love by Justin Huntly McCarthy
  15. I'm glad I have one pupil who knows how to use his brain. – Four Little Blossoms at Oak Hill School by Mabel C. Hawley
  16. The questions which had filled his brain for the last five days were answered now. – The Love Affairs of Pixie by Mrs George de Horne Vaizey
  17. I don't want to suffer from brain- fag. – The Hero of Garside School by J. Harwood Panting
  18. The sun was right before him, but the letters were in the sun, and the sun in his brain. – Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman
  19. Yes, those are called brain- stone or brain- coral. – The Boy With the U. S. Fisheries by Francis Rolt-Wheeler
  20. The sentence remained in his brain in lit letters. – Red Fleece by Will Levington Comfort


How much are you worth?

BeggarI don’t know her name. In fact I don’t know anything about her except she was an incredibly poor beggar child. I never realised when I took this photo that years later her face would still be etched in my memory.  I remember the crossing of our paths as if it was yesterday. Maybe it had  something to do with where we met – the Amber Palace near Jaipur in India – and the contrast between the indulgent opulence of the surrounds and the undisguised poverty of the child. Or maybe it was the sense of guilt that I carried no money or food and had nothing to give her. But for a few moments something happened that left an indelible impression – we found common ground as two human beings who understood and accepted each other. She seemed to understand that I was unable to respond to her desperate need and behind that shy smile and sad eyes I saw a sweet sensitive child who refused to yield to her adverse circumstances. In that brief encounter we dropped all pretenses and I saw her true value, a fellow creature whose worth was equal to mine. Whenever I look at this image I find that I regain a perspective about all that is worthwhile in life and am reminded of how much of human pursuit is waste and vanity.

Have you every calculated your worth?  Not the sum total of your assets which you can’t take with you but the actual flesh, blood and bone that is sitting in front of this screen.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils we are

Amber-Palace65% Oxygen
18% Carbon
10% Hydrogen
3% Nitrogen
1.5% Calcium
1% Phosphorous
0.35% Potassium
0.25% Sulphur
0.15% Sodium
0.15% Chlorine
0.05% Magnesium
0.0004% Iron
0.00004% Iodine

plus trace quantities of fluorine, silicon, manganese, zinc, copper, aluminium, and arsenic.

Total value, approximately USD $1. Add a bit more if you have gold in your teeth and a titanium prosthesis – but who is going to waste time extracting the metal add-ons once you have departed? Ironically a sheep is worth more since the meat can at least be sold for food and the wool used for clothing.

Of course, you are more valuable to the spare parts industry, somewhere in the vicinity of USD $650,000 for your transplantable bits and pieces – warm, and in good working condition. And if you want to maintain perspective have a look inside an urn of human ashes and you will again be reminded of your finiteness. It is all a bit morbid and bordering on being repulsive, apart from being a useless exercise. All up, it is somewhat confronting to think that you are worth more dead than alive.

We tend to use the words ‘worth’ and ‘value’ interchangeably even though by definition they are subtly different. Worth has the feel of ‘inherent’ and value is usually an assigned measure of worth. It all gets a bit circular. Whichever way you choose to define the terms, what is significant is that we all live under the shadow of the great impediment of the capitalist mindset that assigns a measurable quantity to all things, animate or otherwise. Its mantra is, “all are not equal”. Some are worth more than others. Once the idea takes hold we invent socio-economic parameters to affirm it. A refugee fleeing persecution can arrive on the shores of a secure nation only to be imprisoned behind razor wire and banished indefinitely on a remote island simply because they do not meet the essential criteria of worthiness. Legislators are able to implement laws that allow for execution of the lowest. Wealth and power begin to equate with greatness and influence, importance and privilege. Some ensure that they are above the law.  Others change the law to suit themselves. The chasms of separation which measure the relative value of all individuals are the ubiquitous enforcers of our ideas of worth.

valueIt is little wonder that so many of us struggle with self-esteem issues. Relative human worth is the warp and woof of our society – not equality and liberty as we might be led to believe. And the more a population increases the more apparent the impact of relative worth becomes as we fight to control our finite resources. There is a definite correlation between how much we  accumulate and our adopted value system which defines us by these measurable socio-economic criteria . The rich becoming richer at the expense of the poor become poorer is not a new phenomenon. Increasing power of the few is always gained at the expense of diminishing power of the many. Karl Marx was heading down this path this with his observations of the perpetual struggle between the haves and the have nots and formulated concepts that changed the course of history. The struggle to establish value and preserve self esteem has deep sociological roots.

Once we reach the stage where we measure worth by wealth, the inequality and disparity becomes self-evident, and with it comes the insidious idea that some people are actually more valuable than others. It is complex phenomenon, but like or not, we end up with labels and price tags that define who we are and the degree of power and privilege we have over our fellow (ask anyone who relies on social security whether this is true or not). With the awareness of these labels and assigned price tags comes inner discontent and anxiety to balance our personal ledger in favour of the ‘worth’ column.  This is the reality of human nature and nothing much is going to change for a long time. So rather than fight against the reality it makes more sense to learn how to live with it. It is how we go about this that is where can make it or break it.

I want to make are four observations and conclude with another personal experience.

  1. The pervasive idea of developing a healthy self-esteem is not the solution to value adding. For all its acceptance as a concept it may actually be more counterproductive than essential for our mental and emotional well-being.
  2. External affirmation and internal affirmation do not necessarily equate. We can be surrounded by family, friends, colleagues and acquaintances who all like and affirm us and still be plagued by self-doubt and feelings of unworthiness. ‘Likes’ are not a value adding tool.
  3. We may need to change our reference point for determining value. Rather than assessing human worth in terms of success, prosperity and achievement (externals) we might want to measure self worth by something more permanent.
  4. Your self-worth is ultimately decided by you, and you alone.

The people’s market in Delhi, India is not on the ‘must see’ list of most tourist itineraries but I managed to persuade a taxi driver to take me there and spent the morning getting lost in a sea of humanity. The experience is a total assault on the senses with unexpected surprises around every corner, like these three girls fighting over a red elastic hair tie that someone had lost. They were beggar children who survived by scavenging for food and anything else they could find of any value in the market place. They had obviously formed an alliance for protection, but were nevertheless the fiercest of competitors. The tall girl on the left had the agility and strength to secure the meagre trophy. The small child on the right contented herself with the crumbs that fell from the table. The one in the middle really caught my attention. She had fire and determination – look at the anger in her eyes – and was a born survivor. But she had an undeniable presence and was clearly the leader of the little pack. I couldn’t help but wonder what untapped qualities she would have been displayed in different circumstance. No, there is no slum dog millionaire ending to this story. The trio quickly melted in the crowd once more, intent in making it through another day as one of countless millions of this world’s poor. The pathetically shabby misfitting dress was her only possession, but as a person she had a grace and dignity that gave her undeniable worth.

Next: Self-esteem – not all that it seems.


Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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horizontal rows of elements, elements in these are in different groups with different properties
Average Atomic Mass
Average of masses of all isotopes of that element that occur in nature
particle that has 1 amu and no electric charge
smallest particle of any element, that has the properties of that element and has no charge (neutral)
another name for families of elements, the verticle columns of elements, have elements with similar properties and chemical reactions
Transition Elements
elements in middle of periodic table, periods 4-7
Atomic Number
# of protons in an atom
Particle that has 1 amu and a charge of +1
Noble Gas
elements of group 18 in this family
center of an atom and location of protons and neutrons that is very dense and has a positive electric charge, almost all mass of atom located in this
Mass Number
Total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, some elements only have one others can have many
elements found on left side of periodic table
elements bordering line dividing metals and nonmetals and have some properties of both metals and nonmetals
particles that move about the nucleus forming a cloud of negative charge, move at very quick speed, found in different energy levels, grouped in pairs
elements on right side of periodic table, elements that usually have five or more electrons in outer energy level
Electron Cloud
region around the nucleus occupied by electrons with negative electric charge
Periodic Table
chart that shows the classification of elements
substance that consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical change
lightest and most abundant element in universe
electrical wire often made from this element
shorthand way to write the name of an element, sometimes taken from Latin name of element
Electromagnetic Force
force of attraction (opposite charges) or repulsion (like charges) that keeps the negative electrons near the positive nucleus in an atom
Nuclear Force
overcomes electromagnetic force of repulsion between the positive protons in the nucleus (it keeps the nucleus together)
very small particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons, currently six different types known
What determines the type of element?
# of protons in nucleus of atom
Electrons that are farther from the nucleus have _____ energy.
Amount of Electrons each energy level can hold
1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18
Factors that Determine an Element's Properties
The # and arrangement of electrons in atom, # of valence electrons, period/group #
Standard atomic mass unit, a proton has +1, neutron has -1
How # of neutrons in atom can be found
by subtracting atomic # from mass #
Ways to Write Isotopes
Put mass # after name of element (or symbol, ex. Carbon 12 or C14), put mass # and atomic # with symbol (ex. 6 over 12 C, 6 over 14 C)
Each box of periodic table represents & contains:
Represents an element, in center- name and symbol, below name- atomic mass (listed as average of masses of isotopes), above name- atomic #
In periodic table, elements listed in order of increasing ______ ______.
atomic #
Last Digit of group # represents: (excluding transition elements)
the number of valence electrons (electron in outermost ring)
Period # represents:
the number of energy levels in an atom
Metals characteristics
have 3 or less valence electrons, good heat and electricity conductors
Valence Electrons
electrons in outermost energy level

Deck Info


How to enable font subpixel antialiasing?

I’m on OS X El Capitan with a retina display.

I’ve tried setting -webkit-font-smoothing to subpixel-antialiased, antialiased and auto but none of them uses subpixel antialiasing.

Here’s how text looks like in TextEdit, with subpixel antialiasing (top), and the same in Atom, with the One Light themes and all settings at default (bottom):

I suspect that Chromium doesn’t use subpixel antialiasing on Retina displays. (At least in my testing, it doesn’t.) And since Atom uses Chromium for the rendering engine, this would be why it isn’t happening. Please file an Issue on the repository so we can see about answering the question of whether this is possible or if Chromium simply refuses.


Monthly Archives: June 2016

“Now You See Me 2” Movie Review

I tried to be a magician once in elementary school. And like this movie’s production, it didn’t quite work out. This caper thriller, a sequel to the original from 2013, opened on June 10th, 2015, earned less than half of it’s$90 million budget back. Approximately a year after the events of the first film, a group of eccentric magicians called the Four Horsemen are in hiding, waiting for news from the secret society that brought them together, The Eye. During a tech company’s showcase of a new software device, the Horsemen hijack the stage to expose the corrupt businessman behind it, Owen Case. Then hay hits the fan when the FBI discover them and their handler, Mark Ruffalo’s Dylan Rhodes. When they try to escape they find themselves captured and compromising with Case’s rival Walter Mabry, played by Daniel Radcliffe. All the while, Rhodes, now on the run from the FBI, enlists the help of debunker Thaddeus Bradley to find the Horsemen. So the first Now You See Me, generally speaking, I enjoyed it for what it was and how cool it looked. The ending was terrible, as I felt it was a culmination of things irrelevant to what you had seen previously, but the rest of it was just fine. In the sequel, it still holds you in that state of mind, where many questions are unanswered and almost none of it feels plausible. I’m not saying a story about magicians is required to be believable; you do have to suspend disbelief. But there are many conflicts within the lore of this universe that are left unexplained with no rhyme or reason. So let’s start off with what I liked. The Four Horsemen are composed of great actors; Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Dave Franco, and Lizzy Caplan. The crew have great chemistry and work really well together. Their own contrasting personalities bounced off one another with aces. Lizzy Caplan replaces Isla Fisher from the first movie, reportedly due to the latter actress’s pregnancy. Instead of making her the same character, Caplan is a new member of the Four Horsemen. She was quirky and likable and gave me some laughs whenever she turned down the advances of Franco’s Jack and Wilder and Eisenberg’s Danny Atlas. The supporting cast consisted of some big-name actors, some more impressive than others. Mark Ruffalo has consistently proved himself a versatile actor, with roles ranging from superheroes to tear-jerkers. In this sequel, he was good, but not anything worth writing to the Academy about. Among other returning cast members, Morgan Freeman and Michael Caine reprise their roles as an enigmatic magician-turned-debunker and a ruthless businessman, respectively. Though in all honesty, it felt like Michael Caine had returned simply because of the contract he signed from the first movie. Morgan Freeman is a bit more convincing, but his role is one of his more forgettable ones. Now You See Me 2 also felt the need to squeeze in Daniel Radcliffe, who has gone from noble wizard hero to self-obsessed billionaire. His presence makes me believe that he was essentially the only link that connected Michael Caine’s character from the first movie to the sequel. The magic stunts, however, were unquestionably astonishing visual eye candy. In one particular scene, a member of the Horsemen made it seem as if he could stop the rainfall using intense strobe lights and hand choreography. I would have to be under a hypnotic spell to say that I was not impressed at this feat. Sufficed to say, it often felt like such magical shows and demonstrations were gimmicks used to make the central narrative deeper and more intricate than it actually is. I shall try my best not spoil all of it, but from what I can gather, here’s what the lore tells us. There is a secretive society called The Eye, consisting of the finest magicians in the modern world. And almost everywhere the Horsemen travel, there will be a member of The Eye undercover, carefully playing out their parts. It’s almost as if the movie expects its audience to know that The Eye knew exactly what was going to happen at each moment, even in a scenario where they couldn’t have possibly predicted. I will commend the back and forth argument presented, regarding science versus magic. But sadly, it isn’t explored in much greater detail. In the end, Now You See Me 2 is a visually impressive but rushed sequel that is in dire need of thorough explanation. Because at this point, it’s just a clunky caper saga, and I’m not that interested in seeing a third installment anymore. But hey, if a compelling plot isn’t what you’re looking for and you just want an exciting, stylish thriller, you might have fun with this movie.

“Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising” Movie Review


Should the Hazardous Art Materials Law be Repealed?

Recently the Arts, Crafts and Theater Safety (ACTS) people in New York called for the repeal of the labeling of the Hazardous Art Materials Act. This the the law that requires art materials to be labeled so that you know if they are toxic. Their argument is that the law has been a dismal failure, with the art materials manufacturers paying the toxicologists that are evaluating their products - a huge conflict of interest. Repeal of the law would eliminate the financial advantage the illegal non-certifying manufacturers now have over those who comply with the law. ACTS proposes that we rely more on the mechanisms of Proposition 65, a California law. If this happened, it would make it much more difficult for manufacturers to include lead, cadmium, cobalt and other toxic materials in children's art products.


Browsing: ELISA

Large molecule quantification by LC–MS PPD IMage

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) based biotherapeutics have emerged as a dominant class of approved medicines during the past decade in both market share and variety of target diseases. Ligand binding assays (LBAs), such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), have been the gold standard for the bioanalysis of mAbs in support of non-clinical and clinical trials. While conventional LBAs provide highly sensitive and specific detection for the quantitation of mAbs, combining an LBA with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection offers additional orthogonal dimensions of selectivity/specificity, extending the assay utility to a multiplexed format otherwise not achievable by LBA alone.

Features thumbnail

In this informative infographic, we summarize the top 5 techniques for studying immuno-oncology including: flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot, ELISA, electrochemiluminescence by meso scale discover and single moleucle array.

1 2 3 8


D-Day Minus One

Record of the operations of the U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions in the 1944 D-Day invasion of France. Shows paratroops, gliders and troop carriers landing in France behind the German lines a day prior to the main invasion, helping to prepare the way for the invasion of Normandy. (50m)


Flagler college sports information and news providers

Created in 1917, Flagler County is situated in the state of Florida. This small county incorporates a human population of 83,084 and has been named after Henry Morrison Flagler www.oddexplorer.com. Henry Morrison Flagler was a well-known and extremely successful tycoon that had contributed tremendously in the development of the east coast in Florida. A real estate and railway developer, he was the founder of the Florida East Coast railway.

The Saints Club has been instrumental in taking Flagler College to the Division II of the NCAA with their consistent performance of the athletes who have won conference championships and have gone through to play post season matches. They are monetarily helped by way of the members that include parents, alumni and friends by way of their substantial contribution towards the club. These resources assist in providing scholarships, bear travel expenses and meet equipment costs, thus providing all the support which they require.

The Flagler College also holds strength and conditioning programs that help in nurturing and exploring an athletes total potential. This program not only extends to strength and endurance training but also helps with building the athletes mental framework. This program engages specific training programs that focus on in season, post season and pre season preparations. The agenda of these training programs is always to develop their athletes complete potential by looking into making them more flexible, strong, agile and fast.

Flagler College has also been in the news for its numerous athletic venues and facilities. Of those, their Tennis centre is regarded as among the very best amongst all the small collages within the whole State of Florida.

The college has a single newspaper publication called the Gargoyle and an annual literary journal known as the Flagler Review that delivers all the news and information on the college. They’ve got a very active website called flagler.edu that keeps users updated on the sports news along with other academic developments that take place on the college campus.


—. What is a Lollard? Dissent and Belief in Late Medieval England. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. [“This is a book not only about lollards but also about the terms and categories that have been used to describe them: through the process of documenting and analysing the dissenting beliefs preserved in lollard texts and the records of heresy trials, what becomes apparent is that there is no static essence that we can call lollardy. Rather than a narrowly defined theological category, lollardy is and has been a capacious term, under which all manner of religious outliers await closer examination. Hornbeck explores the wide range of lollard beliefs on some of the key issues in late medieval Christianity: how one is saved; what truly happens in the sacrament of the eucharist; who can get married, and why; whether there should exist discrete orders of clergy, or even the pope. He argues that the beliefs of individual dissenters were conditioned by a number of social, textual, and cultural factors, including the ideas they discussed with other members of their local communities, the texts to which they had access, and the influence of mainstream religion and spirituality.”]

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From the paper submitted to the
BioMed Research International Journal...

The study includes a population of about 500 Italian women undergoing ultrasound examination between the 11th and 41th weeks of gestation, between November 2012 and September 2013. All pregnant were enrolled in a previously defined area, the southeast of Italy, in the Vito Fazzi Hospital, in Italy, and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology assessed the investigation. Gestational age was established by US imaging during the first visit, at study enrolment. All patients received written and oral information about the study, and they signed the informed consent.

Assuming that, at each gestational age, the measurement of interest has a Gaussian distribution with a mean and a standard deviation (SD) and that, in general, both vary smoothly with gestational age, a centile curve has been calculated using the well-known formula:

Centile = mean + K * SD

where K is the corresponding centile of the standard Gaussian distribution (for instance, determination of 10th and 90th centile curves requires that K = ± 1.28), mean is the mean and SD is the standard deviation of the mean of the fetal measurements for each gestational age. The mean has been estimated by the fitted values from an appropriate polynomial regression curve of the measurement of interest on gestational age. Several curve-fitting and smoothing techniques have been tested for the mean estimation of the different biometric parameters and the goodness of fit for each regression model has been carefully assessed. The polynomial model that better satisfies the experimental data is the cubic one, since it better fulfils with respect to the fractional polynomial and to the logarithmic transformations.

The adopted equation is:

y = a + (b * GA) + (c * GA2) + (d * GA3)

When the measurement has approximately a Gaussian distribution, the fitted values following regression of the “scaled absolute residuals” on age are estimate of the SD curve. These residuals are the differences between the measurements and the estimated curve for the mean with the sign removed and multiplied by a corrective constant equal to √π/2 = 1.253. Generally, if the scaled absolute residuals appear to show no trend with gestational age, the SD is estimated as the standard deviation of the unscaled residuals (measurements minus the estimated mean curve). If there is a trend, then polynomial regression analysis is needed to estimate an appropriate curve in the same way of the mean. For BPD, HC and AC biometric parameters, the residuals were regressed on gestational ages by using a linear model in the form of:

yBPD,HC,AC = a + (b * GA)

while, for the FL parameter, the quadratic regression seems to better fulfill with respect to the linear one. The adopted equation is:

yFL = a + (b * GA) + (c * GA2)

Finally, these predictive mean and SD equations allow calculating any required centile, replacing the value in the centile formula.

Full biometric measurements (AC, BPD, FL, HC) were obtained for about 500 fetuses. Data analysis showed that neither the use of fractional polynomials (the greatest power of the polynomials being 3) nor the logarithmic transformation improved the fitting of the curves. Therefore, the data were kept in their original scale. The best-fitted regression model to describe the relationships between HC, AC, BPD, FL and gestational age was a cubic one, whereas other studies proved that a simple quadratic model fitted BPD and FL. Models fitting the SD were straight lines for BPD, HC and AC and quadratic line for FL.

The corresponding regression equations, with the respective R2 index (which is the linear determination index that takes values between 0 and 1 and is approaching the more than 1 as the interpolating curve approaches to real data), for the mean and the standard deviation are illustrated below.

The relevant centile (5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th) representing respectively the HC, the BPD, the AC and the FL, are reported in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5. In each table is also indicated the sample number, the mean and the standard deviation related to each gestational week.

In order to validate the system, authors have performed an initial technical test with a growth curve simulator able to respect the mean and the standard deviation that characterize the Gaussian distribution for a specific patient age. The generated data allowed authors to prove the correctness of the elaboration of the fetal growth curves model. After this preliminary analysis, authors have performed a test on the field considering about 500 US pictures related to Italian women undergoing ultrasound examination between the 11th and 41th weeks of gestation at Vito Fazzi Hospital - Lecce, between November 2012 and September 2013. Measurements of Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC) and Femur Length (FL) were obtained by means of various obstetric US equipment. The obtained curves were then compared with those developed by Giorlandino et al. in 2009 as reference growth curves for the Italian population, and those developed by Johnsen et al. in 2006 as reference growth curves for the European population, in order to verify possible differences due to statistic methodology, selection criteria or, possibly, true genetic variability of the studied population. The AC and HC biometric parameters seem to follow more or less the same Italian and European trend according to the gestational age. In fact, no significant differences were observed in the values measured during the different growth stages. Considering the BPD and the FL parameters, instead, they present a little variability. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the Salentinian BPD values are always up for about 6 mm and FL ones are always greater then 7 mm.

The other biometric parameters are, instead, very similar.

This variability may be better presented by means of scatterplot of Salentinian samples overlapped with the centile curves to verify the amount and the density of the samples that are outside the considered range. Considering the Italian reference centile curves depicted in Figure 6, which represent respectively the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th, the Salentinian samples are always above the upper limit especially in the last weeks of gestation.

Similarly for the other biometric parameters:

Samples above the 95th centile are traditionally used to define large for gestational age (LGA), and the usage of such Italian reference curves on a Salentinian fetus could lead to misdiagnosis. To examine in a quick way one or more sets of data graphically box plots can be used. They can be useful to indicate the degree of dispersion (spread) and skewness in the data, and to identify outliers. Each plot depicts the five-number summaries for each biometric parameter, namely the minimum and maximum values, the upper (Q3) and lower (Q1) quartiles and the median. The variability present in the FL parameter can be also observed in this kind of graph, which consider more population groups.

This variability has to be medically investigated since it can be due to several reasons: equipment or measurement errors, genetic variability of the analysed population, racial factors, … In any case, the measured variability is useful to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

In order to quantify the impact of the adoption of wrong growth charts on fetal diagnoses, authors have analysed the samples’ trend for each biometric parameters and have then compared it with the Italian and European standard. Authors found significant differences between Salentinian FL growth plots and those reported by Giorlandino et al. for Italy and Johnsen et al. for Europe. Figure below (Fig. 14) describes this difference, representing the sample number and the percentage value for each biometric parameters (BPD, HC, AC and FL) which exceed the upper limit (95th centile) and the lower one (5th centile) considering the Italian and European reference curves.

Our findings require that we should carefully re-examine the appropriateness of continued use of currently adopted reference growth curves to classify neonates SGA, LGA, and AGA. In fact, considering for example the Femur Length parameter, Salentinian fetuses present bigger values with respect to those of Italian (26% of Salentinian samples are upper the 95th centile) and European (46% of Salentinian samples are upper the 95th centile)


In the past, plant engineers have resorted to cutting pipes and disassembling equipment to gain access to difficult to reach areas needed to evaluate the structural integrity and cleanliness of plant systems. This can be expensive, time consuming, and adversely impacts the plant’s ability to promptly return to normal operation. Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods such as Visual Inspection and Foreign Object Search and Retrieval (FOSAR) can help reduce cost and downtime.

There are approximately 600 coal-fired power plants in the United States, 18 are located in the state of New York. These plants undergo stringent EPA and regulatory oversight often requiring them to undergo routine maintenance on an annual basis. In one Western New York plant, engineers discovered that a stainless steel grating system, located upstream from a booster pump, had failed from violent back pressure build-up causing it to explode. The explosion sent metal fragments into the process piping system. Replacing the grating and locating the loose parts became the top priorities. The metal fragments from the explosion, if left in placed, could potentially migrate downstream and enter into the booster pump causing a catastrophic failure during startup.

Locating the loose parts was no simple task. The explosion scattered metal fragments along 7-90 degree elbows over a combined distance of 50 feet. Traditionally, engineers would resort to cutting each 90 degree section to gain access and remove the loose part. An alternative and less costly option would be to employ FOSAR tools and techniques to locate and retrieve the loose part. However, navigating multiple bends introduced a significant amount of friction restricting the effectiveness of standard FOSAR tools such as fiberglass push rods and pole cameras.

Jamko’s rapid response team was deployed and on site within 24 hours. A retrieval plan was created to locate and retrieve the foreign objects while adhering to the fundamental rule, “… identify and retrieve the foreign objects without introducing more foreign objects.”

To address the friction issues from the 90 degree elbows, our team utilized the INVU inspection scope. The INVU’s unique spring coil design provided enough flexibility to overcome the friction issues yet was rigid enough to be pushed along the length of the pipe. In addition, manually operated pneumatic grippers were used to securely grasp the large metal fragments in varying locations along the multiple bends during the retrieval process.

Over the course of 12 hours, our technicians were able to locate and safely retrieve every fragment. In addition, a post inspection was performed verifying the cleanliness of the process piping system. In contrast to more traditional destructive


Hardware Kennenlernen

Symbols: 20 Technical Indicators: 30 Time Frames: 9 Advanced Features: Save systems. I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green. He also states that you learn through failing (since you pointed out his failures). Most retail Forex traders who make it to the level of full-time or professional trading have a daily routine that is probably a lot different than what most amateur traders imagine.

Sandwich lease A sandwich lease is a property use arrangement between a lessee and property owner, where the lessee subleases the property to a third party.

Pc hardware kennenlernen


Tên bài báo:

A comparative study of different machine learning methods for landside susceptibility assessment: A case study of Uttarakhand area (India)
Tác giả:
Phạm Thái Bình
Tham gia cùng:
Tạp chí:
Environment Modelling & Software
Năm xuất bản:
Từ trang 240 đến trang 250
Lĩnh vực:
Kỹ thuật xây dựng công trình giao thông
Phạm vi:
Quốc tế

Tóm tắt:

Landslide susceptibility assessment of Uttarakhand area of India has been done by applying five machine learning methods namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Fisher's linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA), Bayesian Network (BN), and Naive Bayes (NB). Performance of these methods has been evaluated using the ROC curve and statistical index based methods. Analysis and comparison of the results show that all five landslide models performed well for landslide susceptibility assessment (AUC = 0.910-0.950). However, it has been observed that the SVM model (AUC = 0.950) has the best performance in comparison to other landslide models, followed by the LR model (AUC = 0.922), the FLDA model (AUC = 0.921), the BN model (AUC = 0.915), and the NB model (AUC = 0.910), respectively.

Từ khóa:

India Uttarakhand Machine learning Landslides susceptibility assessment
Thông tin tác giả
Phạm Thái Bình

Phạm Thái Bình

Thạc sĩ kỹ thuật

Lý lịch khoa học


Sunday, January 24, 2016

After a week of traveling my family's immune systems are a bit exhausted. This recipe comes from that place - a desire for warm, simple nourishment.

Note: This recipe uses carrot and fennel tops, referring to the green leaves or "tops" of the carrots and fennel. If you don't have access to these [being it's winter], save this sauce recipe and come back to it in the summer when greens are abundant. Often, the tops of carrots and fennel are disposed of but they are usable, delicious, and make an awesome [green!] addition to soups, pasta, and roasted vegetables, especially in the winter months when fresh greens are scarce.

1 medium - large yellow onion, peeled and chopped into small pieces
2 T. ghee or coconut oil
2 large garlic cloves, minced
1 1/2 T. fresh ginger, minced
1 celeriac or celery root, peeled and cut into small cubes
4 c. carrots, minced using food processor or blender
2 c. celery stalks and leaves, thinly sliced
3 medium size sweet potatoes, peeled and cut into small cubes
4 c. turkey bone broth
2 - 4 c. water
1 lb. ground turkey
2 tsp. sea salt [if using store bought broth, eliminate salt and add only as necessary]
freshly ground pepper
1 10 - 12 oz. bag of cut frozen green beans
1 10 - 12 oz. bag of chopped frozen kale
4 ounce jar of carrot and fennel top sauce [see recipe below], optional
black sea salt, optional
dulse flakes, optional

For the sauce:

4 c. fennel tops or green leaves
4 c. carrot tops or green leaves
extra virgin olive oil

Place the greens in a blender and add about a half cup of olive oil. Blend on high, scraping sides or using tamper to push the greens into the oil. Add oil as necessary until a sauce or dressing like consistency has been achieved. Pour into 4-ounce ball jars, cover tightly and freeze until needed.

Prepare all vegetables by peeling and chopping as noted. Set aside.

Warm ghee or coconut oil over medium heat. Once melted, add chopped onion and toss to coat. Saute, stirring occasionally, until onions begin to soften and become transparent, 5 - 7 minutes.

Add minced garlic and ginger and saute until aromatic, about 5 minutes. Add celeriac and cook for 3 minutes. Toss in carrots, celery, and sweet potato. Cook for an additional 5 minutes.

Pour in turkey broth and water. Bring to boil over medium-high heat. Reduce heat to simmer, cover, and cook for 20 - 30 minutes or until sweet potato is tender when poked with a fork.

While the soup is cooking, place thawed ground turkey in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Sprinkle with sea salt and pepper and cook until meat is thoroughly done and no pink is visible. Set aside.

Once sweet potatoes are tender, reduce heat to low. Add cooked turkey, green beans, kale, and sauce. Cook until beans are bright green and tender.

Spoon into bowls and garnish with black sea salt and dulse flakes.

Monday, January 11, 2016

VEGETARIAN BROCCOLI-POTATO SOUP with sauteed garlic, onion, and herbs

I typically like a good snow. I figure, if it's going to be cold why not be sparkling white? And I really love a good winter storm that keeps up nestled close to the fire with hot tea and coloring books. Yesterday was both and I couldn't stop thinking about a warm, creamy soup. In an effort to use some things up, which is generally where most of the recipes found here originate, I followed my taste buds directly to here: creamy potato broccoli soup in vegetarian style. No cheese, no cream, no worries.

A couple of words about the recipe. White beans are an awesome way to add a creamy texture without the cream. The beans, in combination with nutritional yeast, come out in the vicinity of cheesy. I highly recommend using bone broth here as it provides a deeper, richer flavor but vegetable broth will work just fine. If you're using store-bought broth, reduce the salt listed in the recipe to at least half and taste as you go. And please oh please don't skip on the roasted broccoli and seeds or sauteed garlic and onion. Whole new level of awesome.

If you're a winter hater I hope you find ways to enjoy it in the simplest of forms. If you're a cold weather lover, may this add to your glee. And either way, may you find the loviness in today.

7 T. ghee, divided
1 medium onion, thinly sliced
4 large cloves of garlic, peeled and minced
4 - 4 1/2 c. red potatoes, scrubbed and cut into small cubes
2 tsp. nutritional yeast [optional]
1 1/2 tsp. rosemary powder
2 tsp. sea salt or to taste
1/2 tsp. thyme
1/4 tsp. smoked paprika
1/4 tsp. turmeric
1/4 tsp. celery seed
freshly ground black pepper, to taste
1 c. white beans [great northern, butter beans, etc.], cooked and rinsed
4 c. turkey broth or broth of choice
4 c. water
1 head of broccoli, chopped into small pieces
1/2 c. pumpkin seeds
1 - 2 T. pure maple syrup

In a medium skillet, melt three tablespoons of the ghee over medium heat. Add onion and cook until onion is soft and translucent. Lower heat to medium-low and saute until onion is just beginning to brown. Remove from heat and pour cooked onion into a medium size pot. Set aside.

In the same skillet that onion was cooked in, add three tablespoons of ghee and minced garlic. Cook over medium-low heat until garlic is just beginning to brown. Remove from heat and add to the pot with the onion.

Place all remaining ingredients, except broccoli, in the pot with the onions and garlic. Cover and bring to boil over high heat. Once the boiling, reduce heat to medium-low and cook until potatoes are tender when poke with fork. Add broccoli and cook for an additional 7 - 10 minutes or until broccoli is soft and bright green. Remove from heat and let cook for 10 minutes or so.

While soup is cooking preheat oven to 425 degrees. Place half of the broccoli and pumpkin seeds on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Toss with about one tablespoon of ghee, syrup, and sprinkle with salt. Rub with your hands so that it is well combined. Bake until broccoli is bright green and just starting to brown on edges and pumpkin seeds are just becoming light brown, about 15 minutes. Remove from oven and set aside.

Once the potatoes and broccoli are tender, place half of the soup in a blender and blend until smooth. Add blended soup back to pot, stir to combine, and serve. You can also use an immersion blender and blend soup to a creamy chunky consistency.

Top with roasted broccoli-pumpkin seed mixture.

Sunday, January 10, 2016

COLD/FLU TEA with phlegm reducing herbs

So I made this tea.

And drank a lot of it.

By a lot I mean eight cups a day.

Adapted from Rosemary Gladstar's Herbal Recipes for Vibrant Health

1/2 c. fennel seed
1/2 c. rosehips
1/2 c. nettle leaf
1/2 c. peppermint leaf
1/4 c. lemongrass
1/4 c. cut ginger
1/8 c. calendula flower
1/8 c. mullein
1/8 c. red clover flowers

Wednesday, January 6, 2016

BOREDOM AND VANILLA CARDAMOM TIGERNUT GUMMIES with astragalus, nettle, maca, and elderflower

As a mom, most days I can handle repeating my day over and over again. Wake to yelling "Mama, I'm hungry!", brush teeth, scramble to get breakfast on the table before the hangry takes over, dishes, laundry, cleaning, picking up, the gamut of menial tasks.

But some days, especially after a series of such days, my valiance wains and I feel the force of undercurrent emotions and questions that travel with me throughout my day. I'm tired of and bored with being a maid, a cook, a personal attendant, a teacher, an officer, public defender and judge. Is this it? Is repeating the day really what I'm made for? Is there holy in this? Refinement in this? Of course the answer is yes. There is immense beauty and challenge in growing and tending a soul, or a few. God can meet us anywhere, especially in the muck and honesty of life.

Today I listened to a podcast and the speaker asked "is there a more noble task than being a mom and bringing up new life in this world?" I started to cry. Here's the thing - we all need to be reminded that what we do is so much more than what it looks like. There are those days when holy is a sweet memory, faded by spilled water and tears. The days when we're so bored we sit willing the puzzle to show us there is more to this life. Please tell me this isn't it!

Here's what we do when we're bored - we immediately try to escape it. Methods are plenty. We self medicate through distractions and busy and movies and media. We dive into anger and restlessness, depression and bed. And in a last-ditch effort some of us turn to food or drugs or alcohol, adultery or pornography. We all have our something or somethings - many levels to our boredom escape route.

I used to [ummmm...okay still do] escape by quickly moving onto the next thing or busying myself with tasks that make me feel like I've accomplished something, anything. If I'm checking things off the list, I can't be bored right? I can feel important right?

I am a mom, one who stays at home and let me tell you, it can get boring. Parenting is walking in the same direction for a long, long time type of thing. It's full of routine and rhythm and consistency - all things kids need and crave. For my kids it's the safety net that allows them to tiptoe away from the nest and explore one new bug, one skinned knee at a time.

There are days this routine and rhythm that keeps them comforted and confident can send me into mild psychosis. What keeps them grounded triggers me into a spinning mess, ready to jump in the UPS truck and on the road to anywhere.

But here's the thing. Boredom can be a powerful tool. A swift kick to get moving. It can also be a fantastic teacher. A mirror reflecting the deep, untouched area of our beings that need to be brought to the light and examined.

Why does busy make us feel important?

Why is slow so scary?

Why is more, more, more so addictive?

As I've asked myself these questions, I've uncovered old hurts and stories I've been told or have been telling myself. Areas of my being that need freedom and healing.

The more I sink into the stillness and rhythm of a slower pace of life, the more I find contentment and a beauty I never saw before. As if I was invited on stage to actively participate on an intimate level in this thing we call life. As I practice gratitude and compassion I find the one person who needs this most is me.

And the slow isn't so scary any more. The days not so long. The work not so menial.

The warm dish water becomes an opportunity to feel the heat on my hands and say thank you for clean water. It reminds me I care very much that everyone has this opportunity and it moves me to act. I drags me from my world and into connection with the greater world around me.

The smell of clean laundry reminds me how lucky we are to have the choice of wearing more than one outfit and a machine to do much of the heavy lifting. I challenges me to look at my closet, my spending, my wants and prioritize them in a more generous way.

Cooking connects me on the deepest level to the ones I love, to the ones who have gone before me, to the ground beneath my feet, and to the farmers who work tirelessly to put food on my table. It gives me a chance to stir and chop and breathe deeply the essence of life.

Writing and reading and painting and practicing yoga anchor me in the person I am and the things I love - the things I want to share with the world around me.

Walking barefoot in the grass, planting seeds, sledding down the snow covered hill outside our door, breathing in the crisp clean air all remind me that this world is precious and we only have one and it is so, so beautiful. Worth protecting and enjoying and caring for with wisdom and integrity and selflessness.

All of sudden I'm not just a mom. These moments, humble and small, catapult me to move, to care, to create.

They take me from mundane to holy.

It's not easy and I miss out on it many of days. But I'm practicing and over time I'm noticing changes, subtle and sweet, that are leading me directly into a walk with the divine. I'm learning this can happen even if our responsibilities don't shift. The only thing that needs changing is our awareness. And that lies solely in the palm of our hands. The choice is ours. But it's worth it. Whatever it takes, it's worth it.

May you find a rhythm that allows you to pause and find gratitude in the very simplest of things. May you experience truly living rather than rushing and going and doing and producing. May boredom cause you to pause and examine and move or stand still. May you have eyes to see what already is and the patience to enjoy it.

Astragalus has become a bit of a rock star in recent health circles however it has deep roots in Chinese medicine and has been used for many years medicinally to build immune strength, energizing and nourishing the entire body. It has quite an impressive list of qualities and uses and is worth familiarizing yourself with.

Nettle is also used traditionally in Chinese medicine, noted as a "long life" herb and a terrific whole body tonic. Many consider it a vitamin/mineral factory.

Both the flower and berries of the Elder plant are popular cold remedies and immune boosters in European countries and are gaining traction here in the states.

9 c. water, divided
1 c. tigernuts
1 handful of dried astragalus slices
2 T. dried nettle root
2 T. whole dried cardamom pods
2 T. dried elderflower
1 vanilla bean, halved and scraped
3 - 4 T. raw honey, local if possible
2 T. maple syrup
1 T. maca powder
1/4 tsp. cardamom powder
1/4 tsp. sea salt
1 c. unflavored, grass-fed gelatin [for extra firm consistency, less if softer consistency is desired]

Prepare a 9 x 13 glass baking pan by greasing bottom and sides with coconut oil. Set aside.

In blender, place 5 cups of water and tigernuts. Blend on high until very smooth. Place cheesecloth or mine mesh nut milk bag over large jar or glass measuring cup. Pour blended milk into the cloth or bag about 3/4 of the way full. Twist top of bag and begin to squeeze milk out. Add the remaining milk and squeeze until all of the milk has been released. Save pulp for crackers, baking or smoothies. Set milk aside.

In a medium size pot place 4 cups of water, astragalus, nettle root, cardamom pods, and a pinch of salt. Bring water to boil, reduce heat to medium, and simmer uncovered until about a cup of liquid remains [approximately 30 minutes]. Turn heat off, add elderflower, cover and let steep for an additional 20 minutes. Pour liquid through fine mesh strainer and discard herbs.

Slice vanilla bean along the edge, going deep enough to cut open but not all the way through.

Return herb tea to pot and add milk, vanilla bean, honey, syrup, cardamom powder, and sea salt. Warm over medium low heat until just hot to touch. Be careful not to boil!

Place warmed liquid in blender, add maca, and blend on high. Reduce speed to low and slowly pour in gelatin. Increase speed as consistency of liquid thickens.

Pour mixture into prepared baking dish and refrigerate until just firm. Cut the gummies into desired size and shape. Return to refrigerator and cool until gummies are very firm.

Store for a week or two in refrigerator and enjoy!

SPICED PEAR CHUTNEY with ginger, cardamom, and ghee

This is one of my favorite, really basic recipes for the late autumn and winter season. It's sweet, warm, and filled with aromatic spices that heat the body from the inside out.

8 ripe or very ripe pears, peeled and cut into small cubes
1/4 c. ghee
1 - 3 T. coconut sugar or maple syrup, depending on sweetness desired
1/4 - 1/2 c. water
1 heaping tablespoon minced fresh ginger or 1 tsp. dried ginger
2 tsp. pure vanilla extract or the seeds of 1 vanilla bean
1/2 tsp. ground cardamom seed
1/2 tsp. sea salt
1/2 tsp. turmeric powder
large pinch or two of Ceylon cinnamon
pinch of freshly ground black pepper
pinch of freshly ground nutmeg
pinch of freshly ground cloves
8 whole medjool dates, pitted and thinly sliced

Peel pears with knife or vegetable peeler. Cut into small, 1-inch chunks and set aside.

In a medium-large pot* over low heat, combine ghee and coconut sugar or syrup. Once the ghee has melted and sugar has been mixed in, add cubed pears, water, ginger, cardamom, and sea salt. Stir to combine. Cover and cook over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until pears have become very soft but still hold their shape [approximately 30 minutes]. Check for flavor at about the 15 minute mark and adjust as needed [more spices, more water, more sweetener]. Add dates when there is 10 minutes left of cooking time remaining.

Remove from heat and let cool about 10 minutes or until chutney is warm but not hot. Serve warm. Top with additional dates slices and fresh, minced or very thinly sliced ginger.

*You could also make this in a Crock-pot. Mix together all ingredients in Crock-pot, cover and cook for 2 - 3 hours on high or until pears are very soft but hold their shape.

Monday, January 4, 2016

CAPTURING CAPTIVATING AND KITARCHI with sweet potatoes, leeks, and pumpkin seeds

A couple of years ago my friend Kim and I were in a cute antique shop browsing the shelves. She picked something up and mentioned how lovely it was. Then she put it back and in almost a whisper said, "I'm so grateful I was able to experience that".

Wait. What?

Now my friend could have easily walked right up to the counter, purchased said object, and walked out with something beautiful to add to her already charming house.

But she didn't.

She put it back and somehow owned it without actually owning it.

Today I was driving my girls home from school and the song "Hello" by Adele came on. Let me say, I love this song. Adele's voice is one of the most powerful and moving I know. That being said, today it made me wonder about our collective desire to own the beauty we see, hear, and experience. This song came out and boom! everyone had to have it, including myself.

My guess is it made us feel something. Her voice cut through the fluff around us and went straight to our soul. Somehow, through a series of notes and pitch and words, it connected us to each other and awakened the deepest part of us. And we want to capture it and know with certainty we can come back to this place when the need arises.

It made me think of all the other ways we experience something that captivates us and then, in that same instant of enjoyment, we jump to conspiring to get it.

We're at the beach and experience this comforting sense of smallness and we build houses all along the coast.

We taste something exotic and find ways to bypass region and season, shipping it around the world.

We run into Target, see something pretty and without much thought add it to our cart.

We hear a song and play it over and over and over.

But once we own whatever this thing is, does the experience continue? Does it get better? Do we?

Please understand, I don't think these things necessarily wrong. I just wonder what happens when it becomes habit. Something our culture and country is defined by.

I think the beach gets old. The food isn't the same as right off the plant or tree. That thing looked a lot better on the shelf surround by the other pretties. The song suddenly becomes annoying.

But what if like my friend we take in the fullness of  beauty, allowing it to wash over and through us. We breathe in this brief moment in time and experience it as wholly and deeply and largely as we can.

And then we let that be enough.

We walk away with this sense of bittersweet contentment that can only come with loving and letting go. This incredible sense of this being enough and knowing there will be another experience waiting around the bend.

Because here's the thing - if we own, we collect, we fill the bank space with repeat - we leave little space for new and wonder and exciting. Instead of doing what's difficult at first but more meaningful in a lasting sort of way, we collect dust and headaches.

So here's my challenge. Stand there. For a ridiculous amount of time if that's what it takes. Laugh, cry, yell, dance, sing, shake. Do whatever it takes to make the experience fully yours.

And then walk away.

I think you'll find that the only thing you want to repeat is thank you.

This recipe is my cold-weather comfort food. It is dense but not heavy, warm and flavorful, and wonderfully nutritious. If winter is a more difficult season for you, you tend to get cold easily, or are looking for an easy-to-digest meal, this may be a great one to try. The cookbook referenced is one of my favorite and a real treasure-chest of wonderful recipes.

Adapted from Eat, Taste, Heal: An Ayurvedic Cookbook for Modern Living

1 c. basmati rice
1/3 c. mung dhal [split hulled mung beans]
3 c. water
2 small sweet potatoes, peeled and cut into small cubes [appx. 2 cups]
1 small celeriac, peeled and cut into small cubes [appx. 1/2 cup]
2 T. ghee
2 leeks, rinsed and cut into thin slices
4 T. shelled pumpkin seeds
1 T. korma powder [see recipe below, make in advance]
1 T. apple cider vinegar
1/2 c. tigernut or coconut milk [or milk of choice]
2 T. lemon juice
1 tsp. maple syrup
sea salt, to taste

Korma Powder Recipe:

1 T. whole coriander seeds
1 T. whole cumin seeds
1 T. whole fennel seeds
1 T. whole mustard seeds
1 T. whole fenugreek seeds
1 T. whole cardamom seeds
1 T. poppy seeds
1 T. whole pepper seeds
1 T. ground cinnamon
1 T. ground ginger
1 T. ground turmeric
1 tsp. ground cloves

Place all ingredients in a spice grinder or Vitamix dry container. Blend on high until a very fine powder is achieved. Transfer to an glass container with tight-fitting lid.

Place the rice and mung dhal in a fine mesh strainer. Place under cold, running water and rinse until the water runs clear. Let all the water drain out and then place in large stainless steel pot. Add water. Bring to boil over medium-high heat. Once water boils, cover and reduce heat to low for 10 minutes.

Meanwhile peel and cut sweet potatoes, celeriac, and leeks. Once the rice and mung have been cooking for 10 minutes, layer the sweet potatoes and celeriac on top of the rice-mung mixture. Reserve the leeks for later. Cover and cook for an additional 20 minutes. Add a little more water if, after 20 minutes, the water has evaporated but the vegetables aren't tender if poked with a fork.

While the rice and vegetables are cooking, warm ghee in medium size cast iron or stainless steel skillet over medium heat. When melted, add the leeks and saute until soft. Add the pumpkin seeds and saute until the seeds are beginning to brown. Stir in the korma powder. Add the vinegar, lemon juice, syrup, milk, and about 1 teaspoon of sea salt. Cook for 3 - 4 minutes. Turn off heat and set aside.

When the vegetables are tender to touch and water has been evaporated, remove from heat and stir in the pumpkin seed mixture. Add additional sea salt and pepper if necessary. Serve immediately.


Peracetic acid

Peracetic acid (also known as peroxyacetic acid, or PAA), is a organic compound with the formula CH3CO3H. This organic peroxide is a colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor reminiscent of acetic acid. It can be highly corrosive.
Peracetic acid is a much weaker acid than the parent acetic acid, with a pKa of 8.2.

Synthesis of other compounds
The main use of peracetic acid is for the industrial synthesis of epoxides. It transfers an oxygen atom to double bonds, e.g. in ethene and propene, to form epoxides and alcohols. It can also be used in producing synthetic glycerol from propene, and is used in nylon manufacturing.

Antimicrobial agent
Peracetic acid is an ideal antimicrobial agent due to its high oxidizing potential. It is broadly effective against microorganisms and is not deactivated by catalase and peroxidase, the enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide. It also breaks down in food to safe and environmentally friendly residues (acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide), and therefore can be used in non-rinse applications. It can be used over a wide temperature range (0-40 °C), wide pH range (3.0-7.5), in clean-in-place (CIP) processes, in hard water conditions, and is not affected by protein residues.

Mechanism of action

Bleaching agent
Peracetic acid can be used as a bleaching agent especially for Kraft pulp. It is used at weakly acidic pH and relatively low temperature. It is a relative efficient and selective bleaching agent, and it is often used as an alternative to chlorine dioxide and elemental chlorine in totally chlorine free bleaching sequences (TCF). It is however relatively expensive, and is difficult to store due to its high reactivity. This has limited its use.

Fowl sanitizer
Peracetic acid is extremely effective for sanitizing fowl carcasses without affecting the skin or the flesh of the bird carcass by applying direct to the meat. In particular, peracetic acid is applying to a fowl that has been killed, plucked and eviscerated by contacting the fowl with an aqueous peracetic acid solution and maintaining that contact to a time sufficient to sanitize the fowl.