What future shall we choose? Equality or inequality? Deep democracy or more limited forms? Sustainability and wise stewardship of resources, or exploitation for profit? You have a good idea of where current systems are taking us. A viable alternative path exists, and that path is science based.

In March 2018, Bloomberg news reported that income inequality in the United States had hit a disturbing new high. Not unlike atmospheric carbon dioxide, income and wealth inequality in the United States have been rising since at least the 1980s, under Democratic and Republican presidents, and Democratic and Republican Congresses. The Occupy Wall Street movement crystallized public attention on inequality in 2011 with its slogan “We are the 99 percent.” In 2014 the French economist Thomas Piketty wrote a masterful book on the subject that became a global best seller. His take-home message? Capitalism itself produces severe income inequality.

Yet with all the written words and public discourse on inequality, very little attention has been paid to its complement, income and wealth equality (or near-equality, essential equality). That discussion is long overdue.

Obviously, severe inequality of income and wealth benefits those at the top. But what about everyone else? Pick any dividing line, say the 70th, 80th, 90th, or even 99th percentile of family income or wealth. It’s difficult to argue that inequality helps those below the line as much as those above it. If it benefits everyone evenly, there would be little reason to prefer the 60th over the 40th percentile, for example, or the 90th over the 60th.

But we do have preferences. We toil and sweat, even sometimes step on each other’s heads, in hopes of climbing one rung higher. Higher is almost always preferred to lower, all else being equal. That’s because wealth has real benefits.

The typical person might prefer being near the top, but to the degree that a society has inequality, he/she will live life closer to the bottom. It’s a mathematical fact, stemming from the lopsided distribution that characterizes inequality. Perhaps that’s why the American public apparently views income equality as the ideal. But if equality is the ideal — if it’s the fairest arrangement for the whole — why is inequality still a thing?

Perhaps it’s still a thing because the public doesn’t realize that equality is a viable choice, or that inequality is as extreme and corrosive as it is. Income and wealth equality (or near-equality), combined with deep democracy and deep transparency, are highly desirable and urgently needed. An R&D project is introduced here that could make them achievable. The carrot to spur action is the potential for greatly improved public health and wellbeing, including the elimination of poverty, a cleaner and more stable environment, reduced violence, and greater economic security. I claim that all these and more are achievable in our lifetime. The stick to prod action is the impending collapse of both the environment and civilization, possible in our lifetime or that of our children, if we fail to implement fundamental change.

To set the stage, let’s start with some basics.

Income and Wealth Inequality = Inequality of Influence

Money is power — the power not just to obtain material things, but also to influence others. It already serves as a de facto voting instrument in our (mostly undemocratic and un-transparent) economic systems. Those individuals and corporations with the most money have the most say — the most votes — in where investments flow, what get produced, where it is produced, at what pay, and creating what wastes and so on for long list of economic and financial decisions that affect the vitality and wellbeing of families and communities, even of whole regions and societies. Sometimes the public bands together, such as in a boycott, to use its combined economic voting power. But the basic equation remains the same. One billionaire has, roughly speaking, a billion times more influence on society than the average person.

In addition to economic decisions, a wealthy individual or corporation can have greater influence over political decisions (via contributions to candidates and political parties), legal decisions (via hiring expensive and connected law firms), science (via donations to colleges and research foundations), public welfare (via donations to favorite nonprofits and pet projects) and public discourse (via public relations campaigns, funding for media projects, and the purchase of media advertising, not to mention ownership of media).

For anyone who wonders about the power of wealth over politics, professors Martin Gilens (Princeton) and Benjamin Page (Northwesten) published a now-famous study in which they concluded that “economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on US government policy, while average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence.” Their explosive conclusion was criticized on several grounds, to which they published rebuttals.

Apparently, the public agrees with Gilens and Page. A 2017 Associated Press poll found that 75 percent of Americans — across political, economic, racial, and geographical lines — agree they have too little influence over the decisions made by elected officials. Eighty-two percent agree that the wealthy (followed by large businesses, political lobbyists, and Wall Street) have too much influence. No wonder public confidence in Congress is just 6 percent. Half of US 18- to 29-year-olds believe that today’s politics are unable to meet the country’s challenges, and a majority reject both socialism and capitalism.

Similar problems of inequality — of income, wealth, and influence — are seen within other nations. Some fare better than others. Worldwide, the richest 42 people hold same wealth as the 3.7 billion poorest.

Given that money is akin to economic (if not political and legal) votes, it should come as no surprise that inequality of income and wealth are dangerous to the long-term sustainability of a society and civilization. As the wealthy wield greater influence year after year, decade after decade, they shape to their advantage both public discourse and the structure and function of political, legal, and economic systems. This happens not because the wealthy are evil or even very different from you and me. Practically any group of wealthy would do about the same. Those who have massive resources, especially in a system with insufficient checks and balances, quite naturally tend to use their resources to secure and improve their standing and to bend systems to their will. Moreover, they tend not to use resources in ways that would negatively impact that standing.

The long-term result is a public narrative, and political, economic, and legal systems, that benefit the wealthy far more so than others. This in turn causes societies to focus on solving the short-term problems of the influential, while too often disregarding the long-term problems of common people and the environment. As could be expected, unsolved problems accumulate and worsen over time, and eventually reach a breaking point.

We Are in Trouble

Global civilization faces a number of difficult, some scientists use the term wicked (as in highly complex and intractable), problems. These include pollution, habitat loss, soil erosion and degradation, exhaustion of underground water supplies, climate change, political and financial instability, epidemic rates of largely preventable chronic disease, waves of economic, political, and environmental refuges, proliferation of nuclear and biological weapons, and the militarization of society. New wicked problems loom on the horizon, including legions of killer robots, high unemployment due to robotics, and even larger waves of economic, political, and environmental refugees.

All existing major problems are intertwined rather than independent. It is perhaps due to interactions that the rate of species extinction is now so high that scientists warn the sixth great extinction may have already begun. During the fifth, about 66 million years ago, 76 percent of all species perished. No land mammal much larger than a cat survived.

Our great suffering might not be far off. The risk of systems collapse, even mass die-off of humans, in our lifetime or that of our children may be dangerously high. To reduce risk, we have urgent need for a dramatic shift in trajectory. The time for tweaks and nudges has long since passed.

In making sense of how we arrived at the precipice, and what to do about it, keep in mind that all of our major problems were predicted. Scientists and others have been ringing alarm bells for decades. As one example, in 1992 the Union of Concerned Scientists and more than 1,700 independent scientists, including the majority of living Nobel laureates in the sciences, issued a stern “Warning to Humanity.” They outlined major problems, including climate change, and urged us to take swift action to prevent catastrophe. Of the many problems mentioned, only one, ozone depletion, has been somewhat successfully addressed (although now new production of banned chemicals is suspected). The other problems still haunt us.

An updated version of the warning was published in 2017, this time with more than 15,000 signatories and an even more urgent call for change.

Let’s pause for a moment and collect some pertinent facts. Humanity is at risk. You and your children are at risk, not some nameless generation far in the future. Serious problems have been left unsolved, even though common sense solutions have been available. All this has occurred under, or has been coordinated through, political, economic, and legal systems, and systems of public discourse, over which the wealthy have massive influence. The very structures of these systems, not just their policies, favor the wealthy.

Stresses are already being felt in societies worldwide, and still our political, economic, and legal systems seem incapable of implementing adequate solutions. There is no viable global plan to avert extreme climate change, or for that matter, extinction of the human species. The 2016 Paris Accord, our Hail Mary pass for climate change, increasingly looks like a failure. As we hurtle dangerously closer to collapse, our systems appear increasingly dysfunctional. Public trust hovers not far from zero.

As public strain, anger, and fear mount, populations are becoming more polarized. Authoritarianism is gaining ground — global democracy indexes have been falling for more than a decade. In coming years we shouldn’t be surprised to see currently stable nations and alliances splitting apart. If public trust continues to fall, power will naturally shift toward local control, which could in some cases be corrupt or authoritarian. Neither the United States nor the European Union should consider itself immune from splintering.

Trajectories of societies are difficult to change. Change takes time. In that sense we are now so close to the edge that some degree of catastrophe may be unavoidable. Yet I believe we can greatly reduce the extent of damage and loss of life, and speed a recovery to thriving societies. Progress will depend on whether we acknowledge our current danger with sobriety. In particular, we can ask ourselves if we believe that the systems by which we organize society — political, economic, and legal — are likely to deliver an eleventh-hour dramatic shift that can steer us away from the cliff. If that answer is no, or even probably not, there are options. Good options.

To be clear, important and laudable efforts have been and are being made within the confines of existing systems. It is crucial that such work continue. Improvements and reforms can ease suffering and provide some additional time. For example, the global rate of extreme poverty has been falling for decades. And investments in green energy are on the rise. But wonderful as they are, these efforts are largely too little, too late, and/or too piecemeal to sufficiently change our overall trajectory. Indeed, some major factors are hardly addressed at all, including inequality of influence due to extremes of income and wealth.

Think of political, economic, and legal systems as the mechanisms by which people self-organize to make collective decisions. That is, think of them, in the ideal, as problem-solving systems. Or, because learning and problem solving go hand in hand, think of them as learning systems. Then it is easy to see that current systems are dysfunctional. The fact that societies and civilization now teeter on the edge of destruction strongly suggests that our decision-making, problem-solving, learning systems are grossly inadequate.

Further, we can expect them to remain grossly inadequate as long as wealth and influence remain concentrated. They will continue to be used to solve the short-term problems of the influential, and to block otherwise positive actions that would negatively impact those who hold power.

Functional systems would almost certainly distribute decision-making power far more evenly, perhaps via some form of deep democracy (including deep economic democracy), and would embrace transparency, reward cooperation rather than vicious competition, and excel by design as decision-making, problem-solving, learning systems. Greater access to quality and affordable education would also play a role — the more individuals learn, the more likely it is that their societies will make wise and informed decisions. So too would latest advancements in fields such as cognitive and computer science regarding meta-learning, or learning to learn.

These would be transformations, not tweaks. Many of the institutions we now take for granted — capitalism, stock markets, private ownership of intellectual property, for-profit investments, and representative democracy — would likely be barely recognizable in our better future. They would be (gradually) replaced with institutions of new designs that are demonstrated in scientific field trials to be among the best in class at elevating the common good.

If we don’t make a timely transition to functional problem-solving systems, it won’t matter much in the end if electric cars can drive themselves, power comes from the sun, or financial transactions are recorded in blockchains. Even the best of piecemeal improvements won’t be enough to keep us from destroying ourselves, and perhaps also life on the planet.

That’s because our problems, at the core, are not caused by a lack of technology per se, or entrepreneurial spirit. They are not even caused by too many bad apples in leadership roles, although these exist and don’t help (and serve as yet another sign of dysfunctional systems). Our problems, at the core, are caused by inequality of influence, combined with lack of transparency. Our systems reward greed and selfishness, rather than cooperation. Further, we have failed to recognize that all of life on Earth is connected in one big complex adaptive system — all living things are our cousins, and we thrive when they thrive. Finally, we have failed to recognize that economic, political, and legal systems either excel as decision-making, problem-solving, learning systems, by design, or they self-destruct eventually under the weight of unsolved problems.

To summarize, I argue that the designs of our political, economic, and legal systems are inadequate for the purpose of solving pressing problems and we shouldn’t count on these systems to steer us away from disaster at the last moment.

Apparently, I’m not alone in holding this view.

According to a 2015 poll, a majority of adults in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom believe that their normal way of life will end within the next 100 years. Almost a quarter of respondents rated the probability of human extinction as 50 percent or greater.

Even some wealthy seem to agree. They are buying rural land, planning escape routes, and securing provisions in case civilization starts to crumble. A growing band of rich Americans, including some Silicon Valley giants, are building safe havens in New Zealand and elsewhere.

If there ever was a moment to wonder, as a child might wonder, why we don’t live in a healthy, secure, peaceful, and sustainable world, that moment is now.

Solving Problems that Matter

Given that civilization faces existential threat, we might start by asking if human nature is to blame. Are we as individuals fatally flawed? Maybe the dysfunctions in our economic, political, and legal systems simply reflect dysfunctions at our core.

Abundant evidence suggests this is not the case. Biologically, we are a wonder. We and other mammals are composed of billions if not trillions of cells that as a whole display levels of cooperation and integration that are nothing short of awe-inspiring. Biologically, we exist because of cooperation. It pervades us.

Cooperation is one of nature’s favorite strategies for survival — it can be seen in cells, and also in species across the spectrum, including molds, insects, and mammals. Humans display it to an extreme degree. We are deeply social by nature no matter what part of the globe we hail from. We instinctively favor cooperation and value fairness. It makes us feel good to help others, exercise creativity, and to love.

That’s no accident. The long path of evolution, over countless ancestral species, has inserted core needs like love and the desire to help others deep into our biology. Some investigators have proposed categories of core human needs. The economist Manfred Max-Neef recognizes nine: subsistence, protection, affection, understanding, participation, leisure, creation, identity, and freedom. Others, including the psychologist Abraham Maslow, propose somewhat different arrangements. However we define them, core needs make our survival more likely by focusing our attention on solving problems that matter. These are the problems or challenges that relate to core needs. These problems impact our vitality, sustainability, and wellbeing, and so hold meaning for us as individuals. By extension, they hold meaning to us as societies.

Humans are gifted problem solvers (when not overly stressed, manipulated, distracted, misinformed, exhausted, etc.). One could even say that problem-solving is our natural, or ostensible purpose. Our needs drive us forward and keep us focused on solving those problems that hold meaning. And therein lies the disjoint between who we are at our core and the means by which we make decisions at the collective level, via current economic, political, and legal systems. In short, our external systems poorly reflect who we actually are. They poorly reflect our purpose and thus represent a distortion of ourselves. While not completely dysfunctional, they are so grossly inadequate as to be dangerous in the long run.

If you are unconvinced that our systems poorly reflect who we are at our core and what we value, consider that billions of people have little interest in their jobs, apart from receiving their paycheck. Worldwide, only about 13 percent of employees are engaged in what they do for a living. This is a sure sign that our systems waste our talents, ideas, interests, and time. And it’s a sign of servitude, or forced labor.

We are programmed by evolution to solve problems that matter and to rise to challenges. If we want our economic, political, and legal systems to reflect this natural purpose, that is, if we want them to be fit for purpose, we will have to consider completely new designs.

We have the tools, science, knowledge, and urgent need to design new systems. I suggest that we also have a viable strategy by which to develop, test, implement, and monitor new systems.

Engage Global, Test Local, Spread Viral

It’s no small task, of course, to design and implement new systems. But that doesn’t mean it’s impossible, or even impractical. In fact, it might be far easier than most would imagine. The trick is to understand that existing systems cannot be directly replaced. Abrupt replacement would be too disruptive, expensive, risky, and difficult.

In contrast, out-competing existing systems, gradually but predictably, offers a relatively smooth, affordable, low-risk, and viable path forward. If you can out-compete, direct replacement isn’t necessary.

The suggested strategy is to address each of the five primary characteristics that influence the rate and spread of new technologies and ideas: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trial-ability, and observability. The task is to demonstrate the potential benefits of new systems, for individuals and families, first by computer simulations and then by scientific field trials in real communities. Design new systems to function locally, at the community level, via a club model, so that a whole city doesn’t need to start at once. Make participation voluntary and free. Create friendly and effective user interfaces and tools. Finally, design new systems to complement, even stabilize, current ones. In short, make the barriers to participation low and the rewards high.

If this is done, there will be early adopters, just as with any technological innovation. If the new systems work as designed, others will follow, first in trickles, then in waves. I call this strategy engage global, test local, spread viral.

The global part is an R&D program aimed at engaging the science, engineering, and technology communities, as well as grassroots groups and others, in developing defensible answers to two simple, powerful, but largely unexplored questions:

1. Out of all conceivable designs for social choice systems, which designs have greatest potential to minimize systemic risk and maximize collective wellbeing at multiple scales — local, regional, and global?

2. How is system quality best measured and monitored?

Here the term social choice systems refers to the rules and mechanisms by which a community or society organizes to make decisions, solve problems, and coordinate actions. Thus, social choice systems span all aspects of self-governance, including political-legislative-electoral, economic-monetary-financial, legal-justice, educational, data collection and forecasting, and more.

Not all social choice system designs are functional or sustainable. The goal of the R&D program is to identify, test, develop, model, monitor, and promote those that are demonstrated to be among the best at minimizing systemic risk and maximizing collective wellbeing — physical, mental, social, environmental, and more. Think evidence-based self-governance, akin to evidence-based medicine.

Test local means that after passing extensive computer simulations and laboratory studies, new systems undergo scientific field trials hosted by local clubs. The new systems act like an overlay to existing systems, offering an extra layer of coordination and cooperation. A field trial could occur with as few as about 1,000 volunteers, just a small percentage of the population in many urban centers. Further, no local or national legislative action is necessary to start a trial in most areas.

If systems are well designed, they will produce large benefits for club members. To give some idea, a computer simulation of a prototype local economic system illustrates how a small US county (Lane County, Oregon) could eliminate poverty, nearly eliminate unemployment, and more than double median family income, all while bringing deeper democracy to local economic and financial choices. What administration of a US county does not want a higher tax base? What family does not want a higher and more secure income, or better quality of life?

Given expected benefits, clubs will naturally expand in size, and new clubs will form in new locations. This is the viral part. Clubs are also networked, and as they grow in number and size they increasingly cooperate in matters of trade, education, health, environmental protection, and other aspects of collective wellbeing. Similar to individual clubs, networks of clubs also make decisions through new forms of deep democracy, economic and otherwise.

As discussed in the R&D proposal the club model could achieve semi-global spread of new systems within several decades. Clubs that organize to host a scientific field trial would be among the first to experience new systems. A club would likely be active in your community within about 11 years of the first implementation. Within about 25 years of the first implementation, more than a hundred million individuals around the globe could be participating in a local system. Within the first 35 years, more than a billion could be participating. All could happen more quickly if public acceptance runs high.

This is to say that, within the lifetime of most alive today, a semi-global shift to new, vastly improved social choice systems, complete with greater cooperation and higher wellbeing, is possible.

A Visualization

If you need help visualizing what the club model might offer, imagine seeing this ad, posted by your local club.

Help Wanted: Join our large and growing team of engaged, creative individuals. Thousands of local opportunities in teaching, small-farm and small-business management, technology and open-source development, research, medicine, media, arts, and more. Interest in cooperation and helping others and the planet a plus. Free health care, child care, and training provided. Great job security, full retirement benefits, and a healthy working environment. Annual salary equivalent of approx. $110,000 per family, adjusted for inflation. 30-hour work week.

On inquiring, you learn that the salary is given for life, whether you are working or not. The club views money as a semi-formal voting instrument, a tool in its arsenal of economic direct democracy. As such, every family makes about the same high salary and so has about equal voting power over the club’s economic and financial decisions. New forms of digital money, local money managed by the club, supplement the national currency. The local currency aids economic direct democracy and acts as a type of buffer or protective bubble to cushion the club from the ails of the greater economy.

The club manages itself via a form of direct democracy, which gives you fair influence over the club’s decisions and actions. Dashboards of pertinent trends allow members to monitor progress and predict future conditions. Rich information helps members to make wise decisions. Unlike Facebook and Google, participants in these clubs own and control their own data. Each person decides who can access his or her data, when, for what purpose, and for how long. The core infrastructure is available via an open source or similar license, so the club has complete access to and control over its own system, from the ground up.

Which Path?

When Facebook first rocketed to global success, many were surprised to see that humans had such a pent-up need to communicate and share. In comparison to what lies ahead, Facebook may be just a warm-up exercise. The next step is bigger and more exciting. It addresses a need that is more pent up, closer to the bone, and more encompassing of purpose — the need to solve problems that matter, to communicate and share for a meaningful purpose. To achieve shared goals. To flourish.

The big hurdle is funding, although the R&D cost is not excessive. In fact, the budget is small enough that just a tiny percent of the world’s population — just a tiny percent of, say, young adults, alone, could fund it. Or a tiny percent of women, teachers, nurses, or college students, alone, could fund it. One percent of the world’s PhD’s, alone, could fund it. (And maybe they should, along with their students; the path puts science — the discovery of truths, and learning how to learn — at the center of collective flourishing.)

In case you are wondering, no R&D program like this exists, anywhere in the world. Not in any university. Not in the nonprofit sector. The issue, again, is funding. I am confident that if a secure source of funding were available — for example, a small annual commitment by millions of individuals — the response by the academic, scientific, and technology communities would be large and positive.

What future shall we choose? Equality or inequality? Deep democracy or more limited forms? Sustainability and wise stewardship of resources, or exploitation for profit? You have a good idea of where current systems are taking us. A viable alternative path exists, and that path is science based. Time is running out. By action or inaction, you will bet your life on some path. Whichever you choose, there are risks. What will it be?


Mission Statement

Our Principles

Science and Technology.Education.Environmental Protection.Economic Development and Progress.Public Healthcare.Evidence Based Policies.Open and Efficient Government.A Compassionate Safety Net.Migration.Individual Freedoms.Ending Discrimination.Secular Government.

Our Vision

The Science Party believes that our quality of life is improved primarily through technological developments, sourced through a scientific approach to knowledge in the context of democracy and peace. Technological development is something that we can all be excited about and should try to accelerate. We, as a society and as individuals, should plan the future in order to maximise the benefit we derive from our technological development. We see innovation, education and economic reforms as key to the success of Australia.

Modern technology allows rapid change in the nature of society. It can give all people a higher quality of life, greater knowledge, and greater participation in democracy. Technology should be allowed to develop as quickly as possible to maximise the benefit to people living both now and in the future. The speed at which technology should progress should only be limited if it is unsafe or economically infeasible to achieve. The benefits that technology brings should not be hindered in ways that the old economies were controlled; in particular, the internet and related communication technologies should remain uncensored, and should have the freedom to fulfil its primary purpose: mass-producing information and spreading it in an efficient and expedient manner.

We believe in a positive future for all people; a future where people are healthier, wealthier, longer lived and more free. While it is tempting to view the world as getting worse, due to the easier flow of information, every passing decade has brought substantial improvements in our quality of life. Modernity has brought stability, freedom, abundance, health and happiness to the world. The Science Party is committed to ensuring that these advancements are well spread throughout society, to all Australians and around the world. We see the world accelerating quickly, and want to ensure the bottom rises faster than the top.

A positive outlook on the future can boost the development of the economy. Optimism encourages investment, accelerating technological advancement. A positive outlook in our personal lives also improves our prospects as individuals. Only when we believe that our situation can be improved can we be motivated to improve our skills. This optimism can only exist in a world where investment truly leads to opportunity. The Science Party wishes to change the personal, political and corporate culture to embrace the future and the benefits technology and reform will bring.

We provide an alternative to the reactionist policies of other parties. Those policies are based on reactions to current events, often with short term views as to the changes that need to occur to appease those who are affected by these changes. While new policies in response to current events are sometimes necessary, government, corporations and individuals can and should plan for long-term goals and outcomes.

Technological development is something that all people play a part in. All people are capable of using their intelligence to solve problems, to work more efficiently and create new inventions, no matter how small, in almost any field. People are also directly involved in the implementation of new technology in their homes and workplaces, where they must make choices about what technology to use and how to use it.

We believe that the economy should be directed such as to maximise technological development and adoption where it is advantageous and safe to do so.

The Science Party aims to make Australia a technologically advanced country with a high quality of life for all its citizens and residents.


Qnt 351 week 5 team paper

Explain the actual descrptive statistics you calculated and what it may be telling you and the situation with the company. What are the four data measurement scales? What assumptions are necessary to ensure the validity of the inferential procedures applied in parts a-d?

Use the statistical tables given in the appendices as before Use the numerical data calculated from earlier weeks provide all data in Excel tables and graphs. Explain how the mean of the means is equal or not to the population mean of the listing prices from above.

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University of Phoenix Material: Code the data if you have not done so. Why does the significance level differ among industries? Why is the population shape a concern when estimating a mean? Compare the results of the two tests you conducted.

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UOP QNT 351 Week 1 Individual

What proportion of the variation in listing price is determined by variation in the square footage? Review the data and for the purpose of this project please consider the listing prices as a population. Identify the level of measurement for each of the variables involved in the study. You are consulting for a large real estate firm.

When is the mean the best measure of central tendency? Directly below the graph you are to have one paragraph explaining what the graph is telling you so the reader can see it as well.

Revise the report submitted in week two based on the feedback provided by the instructor in the team assignment, and insight gained by e the data included in bims case study part 1 by computing descriptive statistics in the form of tables, charts, measures of central tendency, and e a 1, to 1,word report of conclusions drawn from the data and make recommendations to the t recommendations by citing literature consistent with apa id will be kept the code in the box below:QNT WEEK 3 Sampling Distributions – Real Estate Part 2 QNT WEEK 3 Sampling Distributions – Real Estate Part 2 Use the real estate data that you used for your learning team project that was due in Week 2.

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QNT Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Analyzing and Interpreting Data Paper and Presentation QNT Week 4 Individual Assignment Descriptive Statistics and Interpretation QNT Week 1 Individual Assignment Statistics in Business $ QNT WEEK 5 Real Estate Regression Exercise QNT WEEK 5 Real Estate Regression Exercise.

QNT WEEK 5 Real Estate Regression Exercise Complete the Real Estate Regression Exercise.

QNT 351 WEEK 4 Reflection

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. Directions: Use the real estate data you used for your Week 2 learning team assignment. WEEK 5 Real Estate Regression Exercise QNT Complete the Real Estate Regression Exercise.

Perform needed analyses in Excel.

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Can you microwave glazed ceramics?

It is food safe, and is thicker and heavier than fine china. It is meant to be used and loved every day, not just for display. It may be put in the dishwasher, oven, and microwave. However, pottery is breakable and should be protected from obvious shocks like dropping it and from sudden changes in temperature.

Are ceramic mugs dishwasher safe?

Ceramic mugs are safe for the dishwasher, while porcelain should be washed separately by hand. The mug's handle should be turned away from any other dishware to avoid damage.

30 days for MOQ

4-7 days

Fast sample and delivery.

Microwave, oven, freezer and dishwasher safe.

Can you microwave stoneware mugs?

A stoneware item won't necessarily damage your oven, but it will likely get very very hot. Instead of your food heating, instead it will be your dish that heats. ... TL:DR -Stoneware is generally not a good choice for a microwave oven. You should stick to glass, plastic, and microwave safe ceramics.

Are ceramic travel mugs good?

We found both ceramic options to be too heavy for toting around, and the double-walled ceramic option didn't retain heat well enough to be considered a strong contender. However, Ello's two vacuum-insulated stainless steel mugs hold heat well, are shockingly spill-proof, and look good.

Is Bone China better than stoneware?

Durability. Stoneware is extremely strong, non-porous and opaque.It is also non-porous, but unlike stoneware is translucent. While bone china is similar to porcelain in its light weight, bone china does not chip easily, according to Potter

How do you test for lead in ceramics?

Lead-containing glazes or decorations on the outside of dishes or non-food surfaces are generally safer to use. The only way to determine if certain crockery has lead is to test it. Home test kits can tell you if the dishes have leachable lead. These tests are most useful in detecting high levels of lead.


Friday, October 25, 2019

The National Museum of Alexandria

By Seif Kamel
   Alexandria is a city of rich and long history. Established by Alexander
the Great during the 4 th century BC, Alexandria served as the capital of
Egypt for centuries. This is why the city hosts a large number of various
monuments and historical sites.
   Many of the findings explored all over Alexandria are displayed at the
National Museum of Alexandria. There are more than 2000 exhibits
dating to different periods of the history of Egypt. Several tours to
Alexandria include a visit to the National Museum.
   There are exhibits dating back to the Pharaonic, Greco, Roman,
Byzantine, Islamic eras. The latest of the museum dates back to the reign
of the family of Mohamed Ali.

Egypt link:


Traer Scott

Natural History

Natural History is a series of completely candid, in-camera single exposure images which merge the living and the dead, creating allegorical narratives of our troubled co-existence with nature. Ghost-like reflections of modern visitors viewing wildlife dioramas are juxtaposed against the taxidermied subjects themselves, housed behind the thick glass with their faces molded into permanent expressions of fear, aggression or fleeting passivity.

The animals in these dioramas were collected (and killed) by “naturalists” primarily in the late 19th and very early 20th century. Specimens donated to or bought by museums delivered information and exotic delight to the public in an age long before motion pictures or widespread travel. “Collecting” was an extremely popular gentlemen’s hobby in the Victorian and Edwardian years however, the lust for amassing and categorizing flora and fauna, even with the intent of increasing scientific knowledge, often granted adventurers carte blanch for extermination. After decades of over-hunting, climate change, poaching and destruction of habitat, many of these long dead diorama specimens now represent endangered or completely extinct species.

Artist’s website
Link to the series in Square Magazine


SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 issue74Use of fuzzy logic for the administration of a structural control system based on magnetorheological dampersA two-stage decision support model for a retail distribution center location author indexsubject indexarticles search
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Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia

Print version ISSN 0120-6230

RODRIGUEZ-GARZON, Ignacio; DELGADO-PADIAL, Antonio; MARTINEZ-FIESTAS, Myriam  and  LUCAS-RUIZ, Valeriano. The delay of consequences and perceived risk: an analysis from the workers' view point. Antioquia [online]. 2015, n.74, pp.165-176. ISSN 0120-6230.

This paper addresses the question of how construction workers perceive occupational risks. It is a question that has not been addressed in scientific research. Specifically, we answer the following research questions: what is the perception of risk of construction workers?; what aspects of risk significantly influence the formation of the overall perception of risk?; are there sociodemographic variables that help to understand the perception of risk of construction workers? and if this were the case, then what are these variables and how do they influence them?. Ultimately, it examines the profile of perceived risk, its relation to the delay of consequences and the influence of socio-demographic variables. Respondents filled out a questionnaire in the presence of the survey-taker. The questionnaire was based on the psychometric paradigm, and was comprised of: (a) nine questions, each exploring a perceived risk attribute or dimension rated on a Likert 7-point scale, (b) a question on global risk perception, and (c) categorical questions about socio-demographic issues. The survey was conducted in the city of Granada (Spain). A profile of the construction workers' perceived risk was obtained. Answers to each attribute were above the neutral line (scores above four). The profile shows the risk dimension with the highest score was the delayed consequences of exposure to risk conditions, a dimension that can be related to ergonomics and occupational hygiene. This is a new outcome since traditionally this dimension was given a lower score in the worker's perception. A simple linear regression showed global risk may be explained in terms of the delayed consequences dimension (R2=0.29). Finally, a variance analysis (ANOVA) and several t-tests explored the relationship between this dimension and the sample's socio-demographic variables. To conclude, the delay of consequences is the risk dimension workers perceived as the most critical in their daily chores. In addition, this risk dimension is decisive in creating a high global risk perception. Parenthood, a higher worker category and training are the only socio-demographic variables having an impact on this dimension of perceived risk. Hence, there is a direct relationship between these two variables.

Keywords : perceived risk; occupational hygiene; ergonomics; prevention.


Attempt to write a readonly database unity3d forums

Developer Forum This forum is only for questions or discussions about working with the mojoPortal source code in Visual Studio, obtaining the source code from the repository, developing custom features, etc. If your question is not along these lines this is not the right forum. Please try to post your question in the appropriate forum. Please do not post questions about design, CSS, or skinning here.

Attempt to write a readonly database unity3d forums

Getting started

A ProGuard configuration is provided as part of the Realm library. Generated getters and setters It supports Mac, Windows and Linux. Stetho-Realm is not officially maintained by Realm. Initializing Realm Before you can use Realm in your app, you must initialize it.

This only has to be done once. A good place to initialize Realm is in onCreate on an application subclass: Realms can be local or synchronized. A synchronized Realm uses the Realm Object Server to transparently synchronize its contents with other devices.

In practice, your application works with any Realm, local or synchronized, the same way. Opening Realms Open a Realm by instantiating a new Realm object. The minimal configuration usable by Realm is: To use another configuration, you would create a new RealmConfiguration object: It is important to note that Realm instances are thread singletons, meaning that the static constructor will return the same instance in response to all calls from a given thread.

The default Realm The RealmConfiguration can be saved as a default configuration. Setting a default configuration in your custom Application class makes it available in the rest of your code.

All sync related documentation has been moved to our platform documentation Read-only Realms readOnly is only enforced in the current process. It is still possible for other processes or devices to write to readOnly Realms.

Realm: Create reactive mobile apps in a fraction of the time

Also, any write transaction against a read-only Realm will throw an IllegalStateException. This includes trying to write the schema, so that must be provided initially by some other source. You can do this by bundling a Realm file in assets and using a readOnly configuration: Dynamic Realms When working with a conventional Realm, the model class is defined using RealmObject subclasses.

This has a lot of benefits with regards to type safety. Dynamic Realms to the rescue! A DynamicRealm is a variant of the conventional Realm that makes it possible to work with Realm data without using RealmObject subclasses. Instead, all access is done using Strings instead of Classes.

Opening a Dynamic Realm uses the same configuration as a conventional Realm but the Dynamic Realm ignores any configured schema, migration, and schema version.

Only use Dynamic Realms when you need that flexibility. Realm instances are reference counted—if you call getInstance twice in a thread, you need to call close twice as well.

attempt to write a readonly database unity3d forums

This allows you to implement Runnable classes without having to worry about which thread will execute them: For the UI thread, the easiest way is to execute realm. If you need to create a Looper thread other than UI, you can use this pattern: Setup the handlers using the Realm instance Use the Realm instance This means the Realm instance will be periodically updated to the latest version.

This lets you keep your UI constantly updated with the latest content with almost no effort! Holding on to an old version of your data is expensive in terms of memory and disk space, and the cost increases with the number of versions between the one being retained and the latest.

This is why it is important to close the Realm instance as soon as you are done with it in the thread. If you want to check whether your Realm instance has auto-refresh activated or not, use the isAutoRefresh method.

Models Create Realm models by extending the RealmObject base class: The integer types byte, short, int, and long are all mapped to long within Realm.Realm Java is the first database built for mobile.

An alternative to SQLite and ORMs that's fast, easy to use, and open source. Realm Java is the first database built for mobile.

SQL read-only | Adobe Community


MWV 5460 TB2004 2 Moisture - ?· content of the cellulose fiber increases, the fiber will increase in dimension and as the moisture content ... MWV 5460 TB2004_2 Moisture

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Technical Bulletin

PaperMoisture and Relative Humidity

Issue 2005 2

The major component of paper, cellulose fiber, is

hygroscopic in nature. A material that is hygroscopic

will absorb moisture from a damp atmosphere or

release moisture to a dry atmosphere and, after

sufficient exposure time, will come into equilibrium

(balance) with its atmospheric environment.

All paper encountered in normal situations contains

some moisture since it is composed of cellulose

fibers. This normal moisture content will generally

range between 2% and 10% depending on the type

of paper, its past moisture history and the atmos-

pheric conditions to which it is exposed. When

subjected to extreme conditions the moisture content

of a paper may range from as low as 0.5% to as high

as 13%. Many basic properties of paper are greatly

affected by its moisture content. Paper dimensions,

flatness, conductivity, strength and fold are among

the more significant properties influenced by its

moisture content. These paper properties can be

very critical to the proper performance of paper and

therefore, effective control of paper moisture level

and moisture uniformity is essential for efficient printing

and converting operations.

PAPER MOISTURE CONTENT AND RELATIVEHUMIDITY: DEFINITIONS

Moisture content of paper is the percentage of

the total paper weight, which is moisture. Moisture

content of paper is determined by weighing a paper

sample and, after oven drying, weighing it again.

The difference in the two weights is calculated and

expressed as a percentage of the original weight. It

is the level of moisture in a particular paper that influ-

ences stability of the critical properties of dimensions,

flatness, conductivity and strength of that paper.

Paper, since it is hygroscopic, will exchange moisture

with its environment until equilibrium with that envi-

ronment is achieved. The moisture level of paper is

routinely referred to in relation to the moisture level

of the environment with which the paper is in equilib-

rium (Figure 1). The moisture level of an environment

can be measured in two ways: absolute humidity and

relative humidity (RH).

Absolute humidity is a measure of the number of

grains of water per pound of dry air (7,000 grains

equals one pound). Absolute humidity is independent

of air temperature.

Relative humidity (RH) is a measure of the amount

of water in the air, at a specific air temperature,

expressed as a percentage of the maximum

amount of water the air can hold at that temperature.

Figure 1. Typical relationship between the moisture content of cellulose-based

paper and ambient relative humidity

% Relative Humidity of Air

Low High

% P

aper

 Mo

istu

re

High

Low

Technical Bulletin

2

As the temperature of the air increases, its ability to

hold moisture increases. Air, when heated, will retain

the same absolute humidity, but its relative humidity

will be lowered (Figure 2). Conversely, as the temper-

ature of air decreases, its ability to hold moisture is

reduced. Air when cooled therefore, also will retain

the same absolute humidity, but its relative humidity

will be increased.

The relative humidity of the papers environment

is the primary atmospheric factor that affects the

papers moisture content. When the relative humidity

of the surrounding air is high, hygroscopic materials

such as paper gain moisture from it. Paper, exposed

to conditions of low relative humidity, will lose mois-

ture to the air. Therefore, it is the relative humidity of

surrounding air that controls the actual moisture

content of hygroscopic materials such as paper. It is

also the relative humidity of air surrounding exposed

paper which affects those properties of paper that

vary as its moisture content changes.

Dew Point is the temperature at which moisture in

the air will condense on to surfaces.

Charts and tables are available for the conversion of

relative humidity to absolute humidity and absolute

humidity to relative humidity. The absolute humidity

value is sometimes needed for various calculations

and measurements. However, it is not of great impor-

tance in its influence on paper moisture content.

PAPER RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Relative humidity, since it is the major factor that influ-

ences the moisture content of exposed paper, is the

environmental moisture level measurement used in

reference to paper moisture level. Paper, therefore, is

commonly referred to as having a relative humidity (RH).

Paper relative humidity (paper RH) is defined as

the relative humidity of the air with which that paper

is in moisture equilibrium (Figure 1). In other words,

the relative humidity of an environment in which the

paper will neither give off nor take on moisture.

The ideal relative humidity of paper as supplied from

the paper manufacturer has often been debated. The

relative humidity of pressrooms and binderies in the

United States has a known range each year from as

low as about 10% to as high as 90%. This fact,

together with the differences in average relative

humidity in various geographic areas, is largely

responsible for the difference of opinion regarding

paper relative humidity.

Figure 2. Relationship between relativehumidity versus temperature for

a fixed absolute humidity

Figure 3. The hysteresis effect and its impact on paper moisture as

the relative humidity changes

Temperature, F

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity

80

70

60

50

40

30

2060 65 70 75 80 85 90

Relative Humidity vs. Temperaturewhen RH = 50% @ 70 F

% Relative Humidity of Air

Low High%

 Pap

er M

ois

ture

High

Low

END

START

 Glatfelter 2005

Paper manufacturers cannot produce papers with RH

levels that will allow a given paper to function ideally

under all conditions. Therefore, the RH produced by

the papermaker will be a compromise, selected to

accommodate the majority of all environments in

which the paper will be processed. Additional factors

influencing the RH selected by the paper manufac-

turer for a particular paper are characteristics desired

in the finished product and limitations that exist within

the papermaking process.

Printing papers cannot be manufactured consistently

at moisture levels which would generate values above

50% RH in the paper. Appearance characteristics are

significantly deteriorated at elevated moisture levels.

This high level of moisture in paper during certain

processing operations causes both brightness and

opacity to decrease and shade to vary. Appearance

characteristics are more easily controlled and main-

tained during these processing operations when

paper RH is approximately 40%.

The desired characteristics of the finished product

and technological limitations of the papermaking

process result in practical paper moisture levels

allowing paper to be produced with relative humidity

ranging from about 25% to 50%. It has been deter-

mined that a moisture level generating an RH range

of 38% to 45% is generally satisfactory for uncoated

papers and that a slightly higher range, 40% to 45%,

is satisfactory for coated paper which is produced in

sheets. Coated papers produced for use in heatset

printing operations are commonly manufactured

to have an RH of approximately 30% to aid in the

prevention of blister problems during the processing

of the paper on such equipment.

Naturally, if paper is exposed to an environment

which is significantly above or below the RH of the

manufactured product, problems may occur

depending on the time and conditions of exposure,

requirements of the particular job, etc.

PROPER PAPER MOISTURE CONTENT DEPENDSON PAPER CONSTRUCTION

Paper should be in moisture equilibrium with an

atmosphere that has a relative humidity of 40-50%

at 72 degrees Fahrenheit. However, the actual mois-

ture content of various papers will differ under these

conditions depending on the individual construction

of each paper. Similar papers may be encountered

which, when in equilibrium with the same relative

humidity environment, have a considerable difference

in their moisture content. The actual moisture present

in a particular paper (at a specified RH) is determined

by the following: fiber (type, purity and quantity), filler

(type and quantity), adhesives/binders (quantity and

nature), manufacturing techniques (degree of fiber

treatment), and the past moisture history of the

particular paper (Figure 3).

Paper is routinely manufactured to a moisture content

specification since the measurement of moisture

content is more accurate, reliable, and convenient as

a means of production control. However, the relation-

ship between moisture content and relative humidity

of the particular paper must be established in order

to produce the finished product at the proper relative

humidity. This relationship is determined by allowing

the paper to reach equilibrium in a series of different

relative humidity environments and, in each situation,

measuring the moisture content of the paper after

equilibrium has been established. Graphs produced

using the data points obtained are referred to as

moisture equilibrium curves. Once the proper mois-

ture equilibrium curve has been developed for a

particular paper, that paper can be manufactured to

be in equilibrium with a specified relative humidity by

controlling the moisture content of the final product.

Most paper manufacturers have automatic online

monitoring/controlling devices to ensure proper and

uniform moisture content as their products are

produced on paper machines and coating equipment.

The paper is processed in areas that are monitored

and/or controlled and then packaged using materials

that protect the product from its environment during

shipping and warehousing. Paper produced today is

3

Technical Bulletin

4

more consistent and uniform with respect to moisture

content than ever before in the history of paper

manufacturing. When properly packaged and stored,

paper will retain a stable moisture content for well

over two years.

PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PROTECTPAPER MOISTURE CONTENT

Certain routine precautions should be taken to mini-

mize the opportunity for paper to exchange moisture

with an environmentwhere the relative humidity of the

paper and the environment may differthus reducing

the possibility of problems related to paper moisture:

1. Paper removed from a truck, rail car, or an uncon-

ditioned warehouse should be allowed to reach

the temperature of the area where it is to be

processed before being unwrapped.

2. Paper should not be stored near any type of heating

or cooling unit, in an air stream of heated or cooled

air, or in the path of a humidifying stream of air.

3. Paper should remain in wrappers until immediately

prior to being processed (this applies to rolls,

skids, cartons and reams).

4. Paper being held between processing steps

should be protected by vapor-proof wrappers

while awaiting additional processing operations.

For heatset printing the oven-dried paper can

be left unwrapped for several days, allowing the

paper to regain lost moisture.

CRITICAL PAPER PROPERTIES ARE ALTEREDAS MOISTURE CONTENT OF PAPER CHANGES

The most significant paper properties affected by

change in moisture level or the development of a

non-uniform moisture level within the paper, as

stated earlier, are: dimensions, flatness, conductivity,

strength and fold.

MOISTURE AND PAPER DIMENSIONS

Paper dimensions increase with higher moisture

content and decrease with lower moisture content.

Individual cellulose fibers will change in dimension

as their moisture content changes. As the moisture

content of the cellulose fiber increases, the fiber will

increase in dimension and as the moisture content

of the fiber decreases, the fiber will decrease in dimen-

sion. As the cellulose fibers change in dimension due

to changing moisture content, the diameter (width)

of the individual fibers will change 2-5 times more

than their length (their width changes significantly

more than their length). These individual fiber dimen-

sion changes communicate themselves to the sheet

as a whole and depending on the reactivity of each

particular paper, the paper will change in dimension.

Figure 4. Nomenclature used in printing and paper manufacturing

In papermaker terminology, paper in diagrams (a) are grain long paper andpaper in diagrams (b) are grain short paper

In printer terminology,

these diagrams illustrate

both grain short and grain

long paper being printed

grain long.

(a)

(b)

(b)

(a)

In printer terminology,

these diagrams illustrate

both grain short and grain

long paper being printed

grain short.

 Glatfelter 2005

Since a majority of fibers in paper are aligned parallel

to the machine direction, it follows that the greatest

change in dimension due to moisture change will be

in the across grain dimension. The dimensional

change will normally range from 1.5 to 2.5 times

more in the across grain direction than in the direc-

tion parallel to the paper grain.

It is for this reason that sheetfed printing papers should

be processed during printing with the paper grain

direction parallel to press cylinder axis (Figure 4). Any

change that occurs in paper dimension will then corre-

spond to the direction of travel through the printing

press, and cylinder packing can be adjusted to

obtain print register. Little, if anything, can be done

on press to accommodate a paper dimensional

change that occurs in the across press dimension.

As a result of these factors, printing papers are

normally not guaranteed to perform with respect to

freedom from register and wrinkling difficulties unless

the paper grain direction is parallel to press cylinder

axis during the printing operation.

Dimensional changes in paper, especially when they

occur during and/or between processing steps can

be very criticaland in other instances can affect the

quality of the finished product when they occur after

the job has been completed. When paper dimensional

changes occur between press passes during multicolor

printing, misregister can result. Dimensional changes

in signatures after binding into books can create

undesirable appearance and/or quality defects known

as either starts or buckles depending on whether

the paper is bound parallel or perpendicular to the

grain direction (Figure 5).

Note: All papers do not possess the same reactivity

to changing moisture content. Papers will react differ-

ently as their moisture content changes depending

primarily on the total percentage of hygroscopic

material (fiber) present in a particular paper and the

degree of bonding that exists within the paper struc-

ture. It is possible to have two different papers in the

same atmosphere that have either a high or a low

relative humidity, and observe that one paper has

changed more in size than the other paper after

moisture equilibrium has been established. All papers

do not react to the same degree as their moisture

content changes! Therefore, in the same environment,

it is possible to have one paper changing in size,

developing distortions, etc....


(redirected from winds)

Wind Direction and Velocity

..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.

The first successful attempt to standardize the nomenclature of winds of different velocities was the Beaufort scaleBeaufort scale,
..... Click the link for more information.

Prevailing Winds and General Circulation Patterns

or equatorial belt of calms,
..... Click the link for more information.
two belts of latitude where winds are light and the weather is hot and dry. They are located mostly over the oceans, at about 30° lat. in each hemisphere, and have a north-south range of about 5° as they follow the seasonal migration of the sun.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.

..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.

..... Click the link for more information.

Superimposed upon the general circulation of winds are many lesser disturbances, such as the extratropical cyclonecyclone,
..... Click the link for more information.
 (the common storm of the temperate latitudes), the tropical cyclone, or hurricanehurricane,
..... Click the link for more information.
, the tornadotornado,
..... Click the link for more information.
, and the derechoderecho
, a long-lived windstorm over a wide expanse that is associated with a line of rapidly moving thunderstorms or showers. The winds in a derecho generally exceed 57 mph (92 kph) and may reach 100 mph (161 kph) or more; derecho winds are produced by clusters of downbursts,
..... Click the link for more information.

See also chinookchinook,
warm, dry air mass that descends the eastern slopes of the U.S. and Canadian Rocky Mts. after having lost moisture by condensation over the western slopes. Chinooks occur mainly in winter.
..... Click the link for more information.
; climateclimate,
..... Click the link for more information.
; roaring fortiesroaring forties,
name applied, especially by sailors, to the latitudes between 40°S and 50°S, where the prevailing westerly winds are strong and steady. Unlike the winds in the Northern Hemisphere, those in the roaring forties are not impeded by large land areas.
..... Click the link for more information.
; sandstormsandstorm,
strong dry wind blowing over the desert that raises and carries along clouds of sand or dust often so dense as to obscure the sun and reduce visibility almost to zero; also known as a duststorm.
..... Click the link for more information.
; siroccosirocco
[Ital., from Arab. sharq=east], hot, dust-laden, dry, southerly wind originating in the N African desert (most commonly in the spring) and reaching Italy and nearby Mediterranean areas.
..... Click the link for more information.
; weatherweather,
..... Click the link for more information.

Localized Influences on Wind Patterns

The diurnal, or daily, heating and cooling of land near a lake or ocean of fairly constant temperature causes air to blow toward the relatively warmer land during the day (sea breeze) and toward the relatively warmer water at night (land breeze). These breezes are shallow and seldom penetrate far inland or attain high velocity. Similar diurnal changes occur on mountain slopes, the air in the valley becoming heated and expanding so that it moves up the slope in the daytime, the cold air settling into the valley at night. Friction with the earth's surface, eddies caused by surface irregularities, and inequalities of heating with consequent convection currents tend to reduce wind velocity near the earth's surface and cause winds to blow in gusts.

See A. Watts, Instant Wind Forecasting (1988); P. Gipe, Wind Energy Comes of Age (1995); J. DeBlieu, Wind: How the Flow of Air Has Shaped Life, Myth, and the Land (1999).

the movement of air in the atmosphere almost parallel to the earth’s surface. Wind is usually understood to mean the horizontal component of that movement; sometimes the vertical component, which is hundreds of times less than the horizontal, is also meant. The vertical component of wind attains significant magnitude only in special cases: in clouds when there is strongly developed convection, or in the mountains when air descends along a slope.

Wind arises as a result of uneven horizontal distribution of pressure, which in turn is caused by the inequality of temperature in the atmosphere. Under the influence of pressure drops, the air experiences acceleration directed from high pressure to low. However, along with the initiation of movement, other forces begin to act upon the air: the deflecting force of the earth’s rotation (Coriolis force), friction, and in curved trajectories, centrifugal force. The influence of friction is substantial only in the lower hundreds of meters (in the friction layer). With altitude the effect of friction gradually diminishes, and wind velocity increases. In free atmosphere, above the friction layer, the wind is almost a geostrophic wind.

In the lower layer of the atmosphere, which is a few hundred meters thick and in which friction is substantial, the wind is deflected from the isobars in the direction of low pressure. The magnitude of the angle formed by the wind and the isobar changes according to the character of the underlying surface, the altitude, and also time. Over the sea this angle is 10°-20°; over dry land, 40°-50°. The angle gradually diminishes to zero with increasing altitude.

Wind is characterized by velocity and direction. The wind velocity at the earth’s surface is measured with an anemometer and is expressed in m/sec, km/hr, or knots. Wind velocity may also be approximately estimated visually by the action of the wind on objects; in such cases it is expressed in arbitrary units (the Beaufort scale). Wind direction is determined by a wind vane, streamer, wind sock, and so on and is indicated by the azimuth of the point from which it is blowing. Wind direction is expressed either in degrees or in rhumbs according to a 16-rhumb system (N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, and so on). In the free atmosphere, the velocity and direction of the wind are measured by theodolitic and radiotheodolitic observations of free-flying pilot balloons.

Wind velocity and direction always fluctuate to a greater or lesser degree. These fluctuations are called gustiness and are associated with atmospheric turbulence. In making observations, the mean values of wind velocity and direction are usually given. Wind velocities of 5-8 m/sec are considered moderate; over 14 m/sec, strong; on the order of 20-25 m/sec, a gale; and over 30 m/sec, a hurricane. An abrupt short-term increase in wind up to 20 m/sec is called a squall. In tropical cyclones, individual gusts may reach 100 m/sec. The complete absence of wind (calm) is sometimes observed at the earth’s surface. In the troposphere, wind velocity increases with altitude, reaching a maximum at an altitude of 8-10 km. So-called jet streams, with velocities exceeding 60-70 m/sec, are often observed here.

Wind velocity and direction have a clearly expressed daily cycle. At night, the wind velocity at the earth’s surface reaches a minimum, and in the afternoon hours it reaches a maximum. The daily cycle of wind is especially well expressed in the summer on clear days over steppe or desert regions; no daily wind cycle is observed over the sea.

The annual cycle of wind velocity depends substantially on the characteristics of the total atmospheric circulation and also on local conditions. Over the greater part of the European USSR, wind velocity reaches its maximum in the winter and its minimum in the summer. However, in Eastern Siberia, for example, minimum wind velocity is observed in the winter, and the wind becomes stronger in the summer.

Local winds, which are usually associated with features of local circulation, local topography, and so on, are observed in a number of places on the globe.

Matveev, L. T. Osnovy obshchei meteorologii. Leningrad, 1965.
Khromov, S. P. Meteorologiia i klimatologiia dlia geografieheskikhfakul’tetov, 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1968.

What does it mean when you dream about wind?

Wind in a dream may represent turmoil in the dreamer’s emotions. It can also indicate the energy available for launching in new directions in life.

The manner in which magnetic tape is wound onto a reel; in an A wind, the coated surface faces the hub; in a B wind, the coated surface faces away from the hub.
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface; usually means horizontal air motion, as distinguished from vertical motion, and air motion averaged over the response period of the particular anemometer.

1. British term for twist.
2. A once-used synonym for warped or wined.

Aeolian harp
musical instrument activated by winds. [Gk. Myth.: Jobes, 40]
steward of winds; gives bag of winds to Odysseus. [Gk. Myth: Kravitz, 10; Gk. Lit.: Odyssey]
Afer (Africus)
southwest wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 11]
Apeliotes (Lips)
east or southeast wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 27]
equivalent of Boreas, the Greek north wind. [Rom. Myth.: Kravitz, 30]
name of the east wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 32]
goddess of breezes. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 42]
the southwest wind. [Rom. Myth.: Kravitz, 42]
god of the north wind. [Gk. Myth.: Parrinder, 49]
the northeast wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 50]
god of the north or northwest wind. [Rom. Myth.: Jobes, 374]
Eurus (Volturnus)
the southeast wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 97, 238]
ancient Roman personification of west wind. [Rom. Myth.: Howe, 103]
Gentle Annis
weather spirit; controls gales on Firth of Cromarty. [Scot. Folklore: Briggs, 185]
gregale (Euroclydon)
cold, northeast wind over the central Mediterranean. [Meteorology: EB, IV: 724; N.T.: Acts 27:14]
the Northwest Wind, to whose regions Hiawatha ultimately departed. [Am. Lit.: Longfellow The Song of Hiawatha in Magill I, 905]
Indian chief; held dominion over all winds. [Am. Lit.: “Hiawatha” in Benét, 466]
god of the north wind. [Norse Myth.: Wheeler, 260]
isle of winds. [Fr. Lit.: Pantagruel]
Odin’s eight-legged horse; symbolizes the wind that blows from eight points. [Norse Myth.: Benét, 937]
the west wind. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 38, 242]

1. a current of air, sometimes of considerable force, moving generally horizontally from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
2. Chiefly poetic the direction from which a wind blows, usually a cardinal point of the compass
3. air artificially moved, as by a fan, pump, etc.
4. (often used in sports) the power to breathe normally
5. Music
a. a wind instrument or wind instruments considered collectively
b. the musicians who play wind instruments in an orchestra
c. of, relating to, or composed of wind instruments
6. an informal name for flatus
8. between wind and water the part of a vessel's hull below the water line that is exposed by rolling or by wave action
10. off the wind Nautical away from the direction from which the wind is blowing
11. on the wind Nautical as near as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing

The wind in your dream could be symbolic of your own spirit or the life force. The wind may represent changes in your life; the greater the force of the wind, the grater the change. A very gusty wind could represent stress and turmoil but also the energy that you need or have to make changes. The sound of the wind and the movement of objects around you are probably what alert you to the wind in the dream, rather than a sensation of wind on your skin (most people don’t have tactile experiences in their dreams). The sound of the wind is considered by some to be special because it is a sound of nature and has spiritual significance.
References in classic literature ?
Almost immediately the wind rose again from pre-cisely the opposite direction from which it had formerly blown, so that it was mighty hard work making progress against it.
'I made as much haste down there as I could when I went from here, but I had to go home first for the keys; and the wind and rain being dead against me all the way, it was pretty well as much as I could do at times to keep my legs.
'The wind was so strong, that it was as much as I could do to shut the church-door by putting my whole weight against it; and even as it was, it burst wide open twice, with such strength that any of you would have sworn, if you had been leaning against it, as I was, that somebody was pushing on the other side.
Sometimes they got onto a winter-rye field, or a fallow field on which they could see stalks of wormwood, and straws sticking up through the snow and swaying in the wind; sometimes they came onto deep and even white snow, above which nothing was to be seen.
Coming up to the willows, which moaned sadly in the wind, the horse suddenly planted his forelegs above the height of the sledge, drew up his hind legs also, pulling the sledge onto higher ground, and turned to the left, no longer sinking up to his knees in snow.
I could not feel the full force of the wind, for we were running with it; but from my lofty perch I looked down as though outside the Ghost and apart from her, and saw the shape of her outlined sharply against the foaming sea as she tore along instinct with life.
They stood clasped thus in the blind night, bracing each other against the wind, cheek to cheek and lip to ear, in the manner of two hulks lashed stem to stern together.


Robert R. McGill, Esquire

Federal & Postal Disability Retirement: Relating negative events

Bad things come in pairs, or is it triplets?  Is there a tendency to relate and categorize in terms of color, logical sequence, similarities and characteristics?  Is the Kantian model of imposing categories upon an otherwise orderless universe the reason why we relate negative events in bunches, like grapes growing upon vines waiting to be picked?  Or do bad things happen in combinations naturally, as a law that cannot be avoided?

When we learn that others have been speaking ill of us, or of unkind statements and gossiping rumors spread about, do we not then consider the look of those around us and begin to suspect that the facial frown was directed at us, the distracted individual is not merely lost in his or her own thoughts, but is deliberately ignoring and shunning us, and even the dog that was once friendly is heard to emit a low-growling sound of unfriendly disposition?

Relating negative events is a natural response to a world that is orderless, and one that can be cruel — a perspective that is easily and readily confirmed by the uncaring attitude not just from an impervious universe, but from those who pretend to be out best friend, as well.

For Federal employees and U.S. Postal workers who suffer from a medical condition such that the medical condition begins to prevent the Federal or Postal worker from performing one or more of the essential elements of one’s Federal or Postal job, the Universal Law that dictates relating negative events becomes unavoidable: Suddenly, because you have taken too much SL and have requested FMLA, you are no longer the “golden boy” (or girl) who can be relied upon, and next comes the leave restrictions; the “Memorandum of Warning”, and then even a PIP; and what next?

Termination is the target for the future.

All the while, the “negative event” was the deterioration of one’s health, which then set into motion all of the other negative events which became related one to the other.

Bad things, unfortunately, happen in bunches, and it is important to initiate a “positive” element and infuse a “good” thing into the middle of those bunches of negative events, and preparing, formulating and filing an effective Federal Disability Retirement application, to be filed with the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, whether the Federal or Postal employee is under FERS, CSRS or CSRS Offset, is that positive step one can take for one’s self in the morass of relating all of those negative events that seem to have occurred without your consent.

Robert R. McGill, Esquire

Federal & Postal Disability Retirement: In troves of battered grey

Robert R. McGill, Esquire

Federal Medical Retirement: Those Rare Moments of Clarity

Robert R. McGill, Esquire


All Quotes from Halo 3

Genre: Action

Cortana, Master Chief:

Cortana: "So have you got a plan to get out?"
Master Chief: "I was gonna shoot my way out. Mix things up a little."

Cortana, Master Chief:

Cortana: "What if you miss?"
Master Chief: "I won't."

They let me pick, did I ever tell you that? Choose whichever Spartan I wanted. You know me. I did my research. Watched as you became the soldier we needed you to be. Like the others, you were strong and swift and brave. A natural leader. But you had something they didn't. Something no one saw... but me. Can you guess? Luck. Was I wrong?

Halo 3 advertisement:

Hey you!


Grace and Hope Mission. Hope Springs Community Church. Non-denominational. Severna Park, MDGrace and Hope is a mission that provides the spiritual and physical necessities for homeless men, women and children throughout the city of Baltimore. On the 3rd Monday of each month HSCC will visit Grace and Hope, provide a meal and lead a worship service for these amazing people.

We are called to be the hands and feet of Christ in this world and to share the Good News of Christ to the ends of the earth.  We’ve got to start somewhere. Why not here? We’ve got to start sometime. Why not now?  I can guarantee you, you will be blessed, you will bless others and God will be glorified.There are several ways you can serve with us in this mission opportunity.  Please see below for more details.

How can you get involved?  There are several ways!

Join Us!
We would love you to join us at the mission to pack meals for, worship with and minister to this great group of people. We will be meeting at a central location at 6:30pm on the third Monday of every month to caravan down to the mission.  The worship service will start around 7pm and we will be packing up the meals for the men and women to take with them as they go.

Provide Food/Supplies
We will be needing several people to make a monthly commitment to make sandwiches and/or cookies, provide bottled water, packs of crackers and/or fruit.  If you feel you can make a commitment to provide any of the following items, please let me know. The mission takes in 30-40 people per night, so we need to make sure we can provide enough meals. Below is an approximation of what we will need each month.  If you can make a commitment to provide these on a monthly basis, it will ensure that we meet the needs of those we are serving.

Monthly Commitment Needs

  • 2 cases of bottled water (1-2 people)

For more information, or to let us know how you will serve with us, please fill out this form.

Thank you for your submission!

Your Name
Your Email
Your Phone
How can you serve (or what is your question)?

Please correct the errors outlined in red.


Cross cultural leadership style

Specifically, they emphasize the necessity of the counselor's having multicultural competence and the ability to apply this knowledge when working with persons of varying ethnic backgrounds. Each Forum takes place on the weekend Saturday and Sunday with the exception of Forum 1 which begins on Friday.

ED Myers, I. Many students stand to benefit from that effort. Diversity is important to me not only personally, but also professionally. What are the major obstacles to progress on cultural diversity?

The current study supported the concept that varying cultures use different methods to resolve conflict. In the last census, more than languages were spoken in Australian households and religions practiced.

The Culture/Learning Style Connection

Cross Cultural Leadership fails sometimes when the management fails to take the religious beliefs and sentiments into consideration while planning any marketing strategies, however if cross cultural team are able to openly share their views with leader or management these problems can be tackled at planning stage itself.

A Review of Narrative Methodology local copyby Mitchell and Egudo, Australian Cross cultural leadership style of Defence, This bibliography outlines how the narrative approach can be used as an alternative for the study of human action.

We would recognize that the only way to meet diverse learning needs would be to intentionally apply diverse strategies.

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Cross Cultural Leadership not only utilizes the leadership skills of the leader but also personal skills that can be used to create a bond with team members or connect with them so that they share their ideas with the leader fearlessly.

Shadefor instance, comments that: A ministry to the whole man may open doors otherwise closed. What is their religion and philosophy of life? Just as clearly, though, teachers of all cultures and styles will have to work conscientiously to provide equitable opportunities for all students.

Metaphor frees us to interpret stories individually. Money, information and people are flowing across international boundaries. Often, these were masterful, caring teachers. Yes, that seems sensible. The Swassing-Barbe Modality Index, for example, asks test takers to repeat patterns given auditorily, visually, and tactilely.

The case studies included provide examples of how research is conducted within this field, and thus the bibliography can act to support researchers in developing this research tool for understanding the context of formal and informal learning within training arenas.

Have any of your personal experiences shaped how you think about diversity? With a better understanding of these missteps, we can avoid them in the future. Researchers capture the informant's story through ethnographic techniques such as observation and interviews.

Perhaps the most weighty of the application issues has to do with ways to counteract our tendency toward instructional pendulum swings. Cross-cultural psychology is now taught at numerous universities located around the world, both as a specific content area as well as a methodological approach designed to broaden the field of psychology.

Love will always find a way to build a bridge, even though cultural mistakes are made. Then, present a 5- to 7-minute speech on any topic at a club meeting.

Also, because every culture has different values and norms, it is important to analyze those differences in order to gain a better understanding as to why certain emotions are either interpreted differently or not at all. These values translate into learning experiences that focus on competition, information, tests and grades, and linear logic.

In this series, the test taker tries to find a simple figure embedded in a more complex one. Sage Publications, Some may say, 'If they're going to live here, why don't they learn English? I would add to this discussion a remark of Carl Jung's: Leadership is also about creating an environment that enables people to succeed and have a positive impact on society.

But a good story guides us, so that what we learn is what the story wants to tell us, but adapted to our own needs and interests. Gender-role and gender-identity differences and similarities[ edit ] Williams and Best have looked at different societies in terms of prevailing gender stereotypes, gender-linked self-perceptions, and gender roles.Cultural intelligence (CQ) is your capability to grow personally through continuous learning and good understanding of diverse cultural heritage, wisdom and values, and to deal effectively with people from different cultural background and understanding.

Power distance is a way to explain the handling of differences between groups existing in a system. It reflects a culture’s attitude towards human inequality. Cross-cultural leadership Each pair had to overcome cultural barriers to working together and adapt their personal management style to the culture of a team that was foreign to one of them.

stakeholder management and cross-cultural awareness, to a team of 10 other employees, primarily through a local two-day workshop that they ran. Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences. In a world as complex as ours, each of us is shaped by many factors, and culture is one of the powerful forces that acts on us.

Cultural Differences. Learning profiles of 20 countries are provided in the mini-course. Harnessing Cultural Intelligence Societal, Institutional, and Value Differences between Chinese and Americans.

What is Power Distance?

“They wondered how nine men could sleep with me and I could still talk. The greatest part of the project was enabling us to tell and write our stories.

Cross cultural leadership style
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Immigration and health care are just two of the most antagonizing issues illustrating how deep and irreconcilable are the divisions among Americans. Similarly profound are the differences on education, foreign trade, public debt, climate change, drugs, and poverty – on almost everything. There is nothing wrong with people having different opinions, but the inability to reach any constructive agreement is troubling.

In my professional work as an engineer, when there is a problem, we troubleshoot it and arrive at a solution. Following political debates on any issue, one can easily notice that understanding the core of the problem is not an objective; we have opposing sides blaming each other. It is puzzling, because in achieving technological progress, we have invented and implemented very sophisticated machines and systems that work almost flawlessly. In trying to resolve our major social problems, we still use Stone Age technology. If engineers used the same methods, cars would not drive, bridges and buildings would collapse, and computers and smartphones never would have been invented. The irony is that communication technology has advanced the most in the past few decades. Oddly, as a society we are unable to communicate efficiently on issues that matter the most.

Undoubtedly, we can do better. We have at our disposal all the knowledge and all the technology we might need. Virtual Agora offers a novel format designed with the purpose of bringing scientific deduction into a political dialogue. It is an opportunity to start the long-overdue process of reaching a better understanding of the problems we face. No one will do this for us. If not now, then when?

Henryk A. Kowalczyk


Commerce as a field of education can be explained as a study of trade and business activities such as the services from producer to final consumer and exchange of goods. Its support with the main subject such as economics, accountancy, finance, organization behavior, corporation law, and business studies. Economics is a subject that deals with the study of the distribution, production, and consumption of services and goods. Economics has two branches in first branch micro-economics, the unit of data is the individual prospect, such as firm or a house hold, and macro-economics, the unit of data analysis is a whole as a whole economy. Economic also consider the politics, law, religion, history, family life and marriage and other social issue. Business study is a field that deals with the organization and operation. Its include organization, structure, their various feature, marketing and functioning. Accountant is a collaborated part of commerce field. It’s a field of mathematics science that consider with the financial information about a business object to user such as managers and shareholders.