Southern California Edison said Monday it has signed a 20-year contract with DCE, an affiliate of Caithness Energy, to provide up to 909 megawatts of wind power.

Once completed, the Caithness Shepherd's Flat project will be one of the world's largest fully permitted wind farms, according to SoCal Edison, a division of Rosemead-based Edison International. Financial terms were not disclosed.

The project involves installation of 303 wind turbines across 30 square miles in north-central Oregon in 2011 and 2012. It's expected to generate 2 billion kilowatt-hours per year of renewable energy. The project requires no additional or upgraded transmission lines, Edison said, which will significantly lessen the time it takes for the power plant to come on line.

Stuart Hemphill, the utility's vice president for renewable and alternative power, called the contract "a crown jewel in our renewable energy portfolio."

"The project is attractive to SCE because of its size, near-term delivery and its competitive price," said Hemphill in a statement.

Caithness Energy, based in New York City, is privately held independent power producer which focuses on renewable geothermal, wind and solar power projects, but also has some coal plants it terms environmentally friendly.

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Aside from seeing a confused frown, another great way to see that a book isn’t readable for young children is if it doesn’t have the appropriate Spache grade. But what’s Spache, where did it come from and why is it so important?

What is a Spache score?

Spache is a readability test for English best for texts up to fourth-grade level. For grading texts aimed at older children for readability, the Dale-Chall test is more suitable.

As it is such a specialist tool meant for a specific age group, it is not really suitable for general readability use. For this reason, we don’t include it in our primary selection of algorithms we use to calculate our unique and reliable score.

However, our tool lists the Spache score for your text separately on a list of more specialist readability scores.

Whether you’re a teacher or a budding children’s author, you can use our tool to keep your young readers’ best interests.

Where did the test come from?

Spache was introduced by George Spache in 1952 in The Elementary School Journal. It’s a word-list style of formula which compares the words in a text to a set list of everyday words, which someone up to fourth grade generally can understand.

The formula was introduced by Spache in a journal article named ‘A New Readability Formula for Primary-Grade Reading Materials.’

He created the formula in response to many previous frameworks being formulated for the evaluation of material written for adults. Spache saw a neglected age group which needed to be accounted for.

He notes in the paper that there are other frameworks for analyzing below grade four, but that they’re too complicated to use.

Like us, he believed in innovating a way to make readability calculations quick and easy. Our tool, ReadablePro, makes it easier than ever to grade your text for readability.

How does the test work?

The variables in Spache’s formula are

  • Sentence length
  • Unfamiliar or difficult words

The formula is calculated as follows:

Spache readability formula

For your reference, here is the revised Spache word list. These are measured against the words used in the text in question. This allows for analysis of familiar versus unfamiliar words.

Originally, the formula collected data from a sample of 100-150 words.

For a longer text, this would have been tricky to calculate. Luckily, we can now automate the calculation. ReadablePro analyzes based on the entire text.

The calculation is a grade level based on the ASL - average sentence length - and PDW - percentage of difficult words.

After the original word list, Spache published a revised version - which we use today. The revised version was created in 1978. This is what he had to say about this decision:

“If a readability formula is to continue to reflect accurate estimates of the difficulty of today’s books it, too, must change.”

This shows his desire to keep up with the times and maintain his formula for contemporary use. Readability formulas like this aren’t static - they must evolve with time and changing conditions.

In a similar mindset, we are continually making improvements to ReadablePro and the more feedback we get from our users, the better.

If you have any ideas of features you’d like to see, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.

When is the Spache Readability Formula most useful?

We have previously discussed the importance of reading to children. The daily practice of this is extremely beneficial for parent-child bonding as well as helping children to develop early literacy skills.

It is useful, therefore, for parents to know that reading books with the appropriate rating will be comprehensible for their child. They will be able to fully understand the text until they’re ready for their next challenge.

But reading doesn’t of course stop at home. Spache is also invaluable for teachers.

This is because the Spache scoring on ReadablePro will quickly and easily tell you useful information such as the longest sentence in the text. It will also tell you how long the text would take to read.

As a case study, I uploaded a pdf copy to ReadablePro for analysis with the view of scoring it for a Spache grade. I wanted to confirm that The Lion Who Wouldn’t Try by Liza Esterhuyse is a suitable text for a child up to fourth grade.

Firstly, I uploaded the PDF copy to ReadablePro’s ‘score a file’ section. The file uploaded quickly and a few moments later I was emailed a link to view my file.

I then clicked ‘edit text’ to remove the eBook’s disclaimers. Once I had an accurate sample of the text, I looked at my results.

Being a children’s book, I was unsurprised to see that the overall readability rating was ‘A’.

The Spache score for The Lion Who Wouldn’t Try is 3.3.

This is great because it confirms for me that the book is below grade-four level. Which means it’s a great book for a small child’s library.

I was quickly able to retrieve other valuable information:

  • The speaking time is two minutes and ten seconds.
  • The text composition section lets me know via its statistics that the book is mostly comprised of nouns and verbs, so should not be complicated to understand.
  • The longest sentence is only eight words, so sentence length is also not too challenging for a very young reader.

With this being said, there is also a Word List Tools feature available. This allowed me to highlight all the words in the text which are not on the Spache list. This allows me to anticipate where there might be some problem words to overcome.

If you’re reading for or writing to young children, Spache will quickly and accurately tell you whether or not you’re speaking their language.

Laura Kelly

Laura is a content writer and customer success champion at Readable. She's a Literature MA graduate who loves poetry, a good coffee and 35mm photography.


Three suspects were sentenced by the court in Yingze District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province for manufacturing and selling scalper software, the 21st Century Business Herald reported. It was the first case in China where scalpers received jail, the report said.

Scalper software breaks into the computer information system of online shopping sites and evades security measures to achieve automatic login, order and payment. It seizes the orders of other normal users, and then resells them for profit.

It is reported that Ren and Zhang made 110,000 yuan (US$16,564) in illegal profit by using scalper software on Taobao, while Chen made a total of 6,000 yuan in profit by selling the software.

The behaviour violated the security of the computer information system, and also was in contravention of the fair market order, the report said.

At present, regulatory measures on malware and other harmful softwares are not perfect, but only by forming a multi-lateral synergistic crackdown can the country achieve positive results, the report added.


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“Behold, I stir up the Medes against them, Who do not value silver Or delight in gold.” Isaiah 13:17 (The Israel Bible™)

Saudi facilities hit. Source: Houthi-controlled al-Masirah TV.

The USS Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group is already in the area, and the crippling U.S. sanctions will continue. In Iran, the top echelon of the regime headed by Supreme Leader Khamenei is preparing public opinion for an ongoing confrontation with the United States—the “Great Satan”—and particularly for the anticipated economic hardship, framing it as part of what the regime calls the “struggle economy.” In reality, the economy keeps deteriorating rapidly, with growing shortages and skyrocketing prices of consumer goods.

In the regional arena as well, tensions are mounting. On May 14, 2019, the Yemeni Houthis—who are under Iran’s influence in Yemen—used seven GPS-guided unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to attack the Aramco East-West pipeline’s pumping stations in Saudi territory in the Dawadmi and Afif regions.

A United Nations report submitted to the U.N. Security Council in January 2018 found compelling evidence that Houthi-made “Qatef” drones had an almost identical construction and capabilities as the Iranian “Ababil” UAV.

On May 12, 2019, Saudi, Norwegian and UAE oil tankers were sabotaged near the shore of the Fujairah emirate in the Gulf of Oman.

Middle East oil facilities vulnerable to Iranian attack: No. 1 is the East-West Saudi pipeline. In the inset, No. 7, is a map of the Habshan-Fujeirah pipeline that bypasses the Strait of Hormuz.

In both cases, Iran signaled that amid the tightening sanctions and deepening economic crisis it is capable of pinpoint strikes on sensitive oil infrastructure in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, as well as in the heart of the Saudi oil industry.

The attack on the Aramco oil infrastructure highlights the persistent threat of Houthi unmanned weapon systems targeting vital onshore and offshore Saudi and Saudi-affiliated sites.

The targeted pipeline was built during the Iran-Iraq war as an alternative for Saudi Arabia should the Strait of Hormuz be blocked. The oil terminal at the port of Fujairah where Saudi tankers were sabotaged is another such alternative.

The message sent to the UAE and/or Saudi Arabia by these attacks was thus that “we know where your vulnerabilities are.”

Thus, the attacks near the port of Fujairah and in Saudi territory are symbolic. The Emirates serve as an outlet for an oil pipeline that bypasses the Strait of Hormuz and originates in Habshan in Abu Dhabi. As for the drone attack, it marks the first time that the Houthis—aided in their use of missiles and drones by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Lebanese Hezbollah—have hit a target nearly 500 miles from the Yemeni border (assuming the drones were not launched from Saudi territory).

“The armed forces of Yemen carried out an operation deep in Saudi territory.” Source: Tasnim News Agency.

Significantly, after the latest incident the Tasnim News Agency, which is affiliated with the IRGC, published a cartoon that glorifies the Houthis defeating Saudi Arabia.3 In the cartoon: a traditional Houthi dagger (jambiya) with a hilt in the form of a drone breaks the Saudi sword.

The Houthis have attacked Saudi Arabia and the UAE with drones and missiles in the past. In July 2018, a drone exploded at Abu Dhabi airport causing minor damage and sending a strong message to the UAE, which plays a dominant role in the southern parts of Yemen. In January 2019, a senior intelligence chief and senior officials were killed at the al-Anad air force base just outside Aden by a weaponized drone that exploded above them as they attended a military parade.

Given the recent incidents in Fujairah and Saudi Arabia, if the United States or one of its regional allies reveals clear intelligence that Iran was behind the attack on the Saudi tankers, it could lead to the deployment of military escorts for commercial vessels in the region. That, in turn, could augment the frictions with the Iranian naval presence and provoke a further escalation, to the point of limited hostilities between Iran and the United States.

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The most dangerous situation the Islamic Revolution has ever known

Meanwhile, the IRGC’s new commander, Hossein Salami, said on May 15, 2019: “Today, our enemies, by applying the maximum pressure strategy and using all their capacities, are trying to break the steadfastness of the Iranian nation, but they will fail.” He added that Iran’s enemies are unaware that the resilience, determination and honor of the nation form its protective shield.

Salami, who is known for his scathing remarks about the United States and Israel, called the current situation the most dangerous and sensitive one that the Iranian Islamic Revolution has ever known and said Iran was at the brink of an all-out confrontation with the enemy. He claimed, however, that Iran’s enemies had exhausted all their resources and, despite their steadfast demeanor, were falling apart internally and on the way to being vanquished by Iran.

Iranian Defense Minister Amir Hatami likewise declared: “Iran stands at the peak of defense-military preparedness to counter any threat or act of aggression,” and that it would defeat the U.S.-Israeli alliance. Hatami emphasized the fact that last year, despite the difficult conditions it is facing, Iran did not neglect military development, buttressing its power of deterrence.

“Negotiations Are like a Poison”

Meanwhile, Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, met with senior officials and again rejected any possibility of negotiating with the United States. “As long as the United States is what it is now,” he said, “negotiating is but poison, and with this current administration that poison is twice [as lethal].”

Fars News cartoon implies that the “war-mongering” Zionist regime is behind the attack in Fujairah. Source: Fars News.

In a wide-ranging survey of the difficult history of Iran’s relations with the “Great Satan,” he asserted that “the U.S. leaders serve the interests of the Zionist regime more than any other country.” Khamenei also elaborated on the United States’ domestic difficulties, which, he said, were leading it to externalize its problems and look for enemies.

“Negotiations,” Khamenei said, “entail exchanges, give and take, but all that interests the United States is power. They say, come, let’s discuss your defensive capabilities and the reasons that you are developing missiles of certain [long] ranges; reduce the range of the missiles so that if we hit you, you won’t be able to hit back. Come, let’s discuss your strategic influence in the region, which means ‘Give it up.’”

Khamenei added, “Negotiations are like a poison as long as the United States behaves as it behaves, and given the current [Trump] administration—which is not decent and does not obey any law—the poison is especially strong, and as a result no noble and wise Iranian will negotiate over his advantages … Not one of our clever people is looking for negotiations.”

Khamenei repeated his assessment that a war between Iran and the United States is unlikely.

“This is not a matter of a military confrontation between the two countries since war is not in the offing … We do not want a war, and neither does the United States, which knows it does not stand to gain anything from a war. This is a struggle of aspirations and values, and Iranian willpower is strong because Iran puts its trust in Allah. The boastful and bullying enemy has no real strength.”

Referring to Washington’s calls for Iran to change its policy, Khamenei said that Iran’s behavior has indeed changed, and “the Iranian people now hate the United States more than ever, and it can no longer interfere in their affairs.”

Source: Fars News.

The Supreme Leader’s forthright statements came in the wake of U.S. President Donald Trump’s offer to negotiate with Iran and his provision to the Swiss of a phone number the Iranians can use to call him directly. Trump’s proposal earned him derisive cartoons in most of the Iranian media. In this Fars cartoon, Trump holds a “telephone carrier” and says, “I want the Iranians to call me, but John Kerry is telling them not to call.”


Descriptive dialogue, innovative imagery: Craig Middle School 8th-grader’s winning essay examines writing tools |

Craig Press staff report
Student work celebrated at Craig Middle School literacy night and in print in the Craig Press.
Stock image

CRAIG — Students at Craig Middle School were recently recognized for their efforts in writing poems and essays.

CMS eighth-graders diligently worked on developing literary essays in which they had to identify themes in their favorite novels and short stories. Students also learned how to develop an argument and use textual evidence to support their claims with regard to the themes they have identified.

Sadie Smilanich’s piece was named the top work, comparing and contrasting elements of the novel “A Night Divided” and the short story “Charles.”

On Dec. 19, parents were invited to Literacy Night to celebrate the hard work and achievements of students. Students received extra credit in their language arts class for attending.

English language arts instructors also selected the top poems, written by sixth- and seventh-grade students.

Editor’s note: Student work is shared unedited to reflect their original writing.

Author’s Craft

Sadie Smilanich

In every book, text, or story, the author uses certain language to create a mood or tone for the reader. It is the author’s purpose to create a story using literary elements to form an interesting story.

Jennifer Nielsen, the author of A Night Divided, uses several literary elements to construct a story for her readers, but imagery and dialogue for some of the strongest shown throughout the book. These literary elements also appear in short story titled “Charles” written by Shirley Jackson. These two elements create a crystal clear image of the scenes throughout the book, and when they are combined and used together, it creates a fantastic story.

However, an author can choose to use one element more than the other to help generate a story. This is the case for both the authors of the book, A Night Divided and the short story, “Charles.” Nielsen decides to use imagery throughout her book to form a picture for her readers, while Shirley Jackson uses more dialogue which helps the readers understand what the characters are like.

Both books share similarities and differences, even though the books have completely different storylines.

The book, A Night Divided, is a historical fiction book, which means it is about something that has happened in history, but adds some fiction into it. This book takes place in Berlin, Germany in 1961. The main character is Gerta, and her brother and mom are living in the East side of Berlin, while Gerta’s father and other brother are in the West side. Overnight, the German soldiers built a wall to stop immigrants from going to the West side. The story is about Gerta trying to reunite with her family, but in order to do so, she just put her own life, and others in danger.

On the other hand, the short story, “Charles” is about a boy named Laurie who starts kindergarten and when he comes home, he tells his parents a story of a boy named Charles. A time in the story when he comes home telling the story in a page 73, “Well, Charles was bad again today.” He grinned enormously and said, ‘Today Charles hit the teacher.” However, in the end, the mother finds out that Charles is a fictional character created by Laurie. Charles was just a cover up for all the terrible actions done by Laurie, so he wouldn’t get in trouble.

Even though these stories have very different storylines, there are also some similarities between the two texts.

The author’s use of symbolism is a huge similarity between the two texts. These texts both have a symbol that help create the theme for the acucal story.

A symbol in the book, A Night Divided, is the wall that separates East and West Berlin. To the westerners, the wall was a huge symbol that separated the communist East, and the capital West. To the easterners, the wall separated families and the citizens knew that they had to escape in order to reunite. The wall challenged the citizens that were living in the East because they had to risk their lives if they ever wanted to see their family again. This was the case for Gerta, when she wanted to reunite with her family. On page 91, Gerta begins to dig a tunnel you going to an old abandoned building near the wall for her start spot. “After choosing my starting place, I raised the shovel, stuck the tip of the blade into the dirt, and crunched my foot down on the blade’s shoulder.” When Nielsen used this symbol, it helped me understand how the characters felt about the wall, what it truly meant to them, and why they wanted to escape so badly.

Symbolism can also be shown in the short story, “Charles”. The author of  “Charles” uses symbolism throughout her text by creating a character named Charles. Charles is a fictional character created by Laurie to cover up all his lies that he was telling his parents. A time in the text when I think Laurie’s story was a little suspicious was when he came home late one day. On page 74, the text says, “Charles yelled… so Charles had to stay after school. And so all the children stayed to watch him.” When the author used Charles as a symbol, it helps me understand why Laurie was lying, but also why other people lie in real life. Laurie changed because of Charles because he started to talk to his parents about his day, and he became more polite and understanding when talking to them. I think he started to act this way because he didn’t want his parents to think that it was Laurie getting in trouble.

Both the authors use dialogue and imagery to explain the events that are happening throughout the stories. The literary elements help the reader understand how the characters truly feel. Both the authors use symbolism and literary elements throughout their stories. However, certain literary elements are used more in more story than the other, creating different moods.

There are many literary elements that authors can use to create a perfect image for their readers.

The authors of the two stories, A Night Divided, and “Charles” use several literary elements throughout their stories, however one literary element is used more than the other. An example of this is in the book, A Night Divided, which uses a lot of imagery to help the reader understand the events and creates a mood for the reader.

Although the author of “Charles” uses imagery, she uses a lot of dialogue to make the reader understand what the character is feeling, which helps set the mood for the book.

A time in the book, A Night Divided when the author used imagery to explain a certain scene was on page 91. Jennifer Nielsen uses certain language to create a mood for the reader. A time in the book when she gave very good description of the scene was when Gerta started to dig a tunnel. “After choosing my starting place, I raised the shovel, stuck the tip of the blade into the dirt, and crunched my foot down on the blade’s shoulder.” When I read this scene, I could really picture what everything looked like, and I could feel how determined Gerta was to get to her family. The Nielsen uses very descriptive language like “crunched” throughout her story to create a mood for both the book and the reader.

However,  Shirley Jackson who wrote “Charles” used dialogue to make the reader feel like they were in the characters shoes. An example of the author using dialogue was on page 77, when Laurie’s mother wanted to meet “Charles” mother by asking the teacher about her son. The text said, “After the meeting, I identified and sought out Laurie’s kindergarten teacher. ‘We had a little trouble adjusting the first week or so.’ ‘I suppose this time it’s Charles influence’ ‘Charles?’ She said. ‘We don’t have any Charles in kindergarten’”. By using dialogue for this certain scene, it makes the reader feel all kinds of emotions and they can imagine what the characters are feeling. The reader feels all the emotions because this scene was at the end, and after reading all of Laurie’s stories about “Charles”, this is the scene were the reader realizes that it was all a lie.

Although the two stories use symbolizing, they use different literary elements.

Symbolism, and other literary elements such as imagery and dialogue both appear in the text, A Night Divided, and “Charles.” However, the authors use them in different ways to construct the story and the mood for the reader.

There are many different ways that readers can view a story, and they can picture in their own way. However, when the author uses literary elements to explain what is going on, it can really helped the reader to feel a certain way.

Using imagery and dialogue together in a story makes to storyline stronger, and easier to understand.


curator (from Latin: cura, meaning, “to take care”) is a manager or overseer. Traditionally, a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e.g., gallery, museum, library, or archive) is a content specialist charged with an institution’s collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material.

There are different types of curators. Depending on where you work as a curator, this will influence the degree. Here are the two most common places that employ the services of a curator.

Museum Curator

Museum curators are responsible for a museum’s collection, including acquiring pieces and maintaining the exhibits. These professionals may also perform research and write pieces for professional journals. In general, there are two different types of curator jobs. General curators are responsible for the entire museum, while section curators are responsible only for one specific area.

In addition, they oversee museum collections by managing the acquisition, preservation, and display of museum artifacts. Curators may also be in charge of authenticating the age and origin of pieces. They may consult with the museum’s board of directors who are responsible for fundraising, public relations, and site management. In this role, the curator might be required to present budget figures for the prospective purchase of display items in the museum.

A Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) may be sufficient academic training for positions in smaller museums. The courses you take for a career in museum work depends on both the type of work you want to do and the type of institution you work as a curator.

A degree in museum studies is another option. However, few schools offer bachelor’s degrees in museum studies. Instead, students choose majors or minors in related fields, such as art history, history, or anthropology. Internships are generally required. These provide a means to gain valuable experience.

When offered, a Bachelor of Science in museum studies is a technically-based undergraduate program that prepares you for careers in museums, archives, libraries, historical societies, historic sites, historic houses, and photography collections. Upon graduating, you will be versed in the history, theory, and practice of institutional collecting.

A B.S. degree in museum studies also prepares you for graduate study. The undergraduate coursework prepares you for a Master of Arts in museum studies, art history, or arts management. Other degree possibilities are a master of library and information science degree.

To become a curator at a national museum, like the Smithsonian in Washington DC, a Ph.D. is required, in conjunction with five-years field experience. Graduate degrees will include advanced coursework in art history, curatorship, history, chemistry, and business administration. As well, most curators perform continuing education by conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing academic articles.

art curator pix

Art Curator

You may start in the profession as a curatorial assistant. She/he provides support to curatorial projects initiated within the department. This includes gathering and analyzing art historical and scholarly texts, visual and object location information and budgetary data.

Additional duties include coordinating and corresponding with artists, dealers, lenders, art institutions, and collectors. You could also be tasked with preparing loan forms and master checklists, updating and keeping accurate records, scheduling the exhibition calendar and travel itineraries, and assisting with exhibition layout plans.

It is mandatory for a Curatorial Assistant to have a Master of Arts in art history. Some art museums may require a doctorate even for an assistant. For example, a job posting in Glassdoor for an assistant curator at the Dallas Museum of Art in the Islamic Art department requires a Ph.D. Candidates must have this degree in Art History or comparable field (Anthropology or Archaeology), with a specialization in North America, Mesoamerica, Central America or the Andes.

Not all jobs demand a Ph.D. There are other job postings seeking candidates with a Bachelor’s degree in Art History, museum studies, or related field. This particular job is for a Curatorial Administrative Assistant. The particular position entails providing administrative support to the Curator of Asian Art in programs and projects related to the Curatorial and Exhibitions departments.

A typical Bachelor of Arts in Art History studies the global history of art from ancient times to the contemporary. Courses examine art history from a wide variety of cultures, periods, and geographies through multiple approaches and methodologies. Subjects might include Egyptian Art, Greek Sculpture, Art of Italian Renaissance, Art of the 20th Century, and more.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) lumps the occupations of archivist, curator, and museum worker together. The BLS reported the median salary at $47,360 as of May 2017 with a faster than average growth rate of 13%. According to the BLS, archivist, curator, and conservator positions often require a master’s degree related to the position’s field. Museum technicians typically have a bachelor’s degree.

The Art Career Project site reported the median annual salary for a museum curator at $51,520 in May 2015. Those just starting out may earn as little as $25,970, but curators with years of experience on the job can earn as much as $83,940.

This is comparable to the median salary for art curators, as reported by Glassdoor. Their compilation of 164 curator salaries was $52,031 as an average.


Labour costs to go up faster in 2019: MAS

Business, services costs may rise on productivity woes, despite softer wages

ULC, which measures the cost of labour for each unit of economic output, is tipped to pick up - despite milder wage growth - as productivity slackens, according to the latest half-yearly economic review from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).

Productivity growth


Wearing the 5K’s (Kara, Kesh, Kirpan, Kacheras, Kanga)

When Guru Gobind Singh gave the gift of the Five K’s to the Khalsa he did so with a promise; that by following the teachings of the Guru and keeping ourselves distinct, we will have his undying power and support. These five tools, along with our daily sadhana, allow us to maintain our grace. dignity and attitude of service through all pressure of time and space.

(pronounced Kaysh) is uncut hair, is kept intact, as given by the Creator. To keep it is a sign of the Sikh’s acceptance of the Will of God, and a symbol of recognition of God’s Wisdom in creating the human in the form in which s/he was created. Hair has a function given by the Creator, which scientifically can be understood as an antenna for transmitting energy from the cosmos to the individual. As an antenna for bringing solar energy to the brain, hair is important in preserving mental stability. Kesh relates to the element of ether.

Is a wooden comb which is worn in the hair at all times. The hair is made of the purest protein in the body. It channels the etheric energy into the body through the solar center at the top of the head. The kanga is a tool for keeping the hair beautiful and bringing energy into the body. When Siri Singh Sahib Harbhajan Singh Khalsa Yogiji was asked why we wear the kanga, he said, “Guru Gobind Singh was the most scientific of all scientists. He gave you the wooden comb so that you would create your own electric energy for your brain by combing with wood. The kanga is for whenever you feel low on energy. Just comb your hair with it right there on the spot. It works much faster than you can imagine to revitalize your energy. The kanga is a very virtuous thing.” When one combs the hair, (ether) with the kanga (earth), akaasha (heavens) and earth meet.

Is an iron bangle which represents prana (life force) and Infinity. It is worn on the right hand of the male and the left hand of the female, as a reminder to dedicate all one’s actions to the service of the One Creator. The steel is a reminder that as a Sikh, one’s steel, one’s strength of commitment, will be tested; the steel metal itself is a conductor of the energy which gives courage and fearlessness to the wearer. Kara relates to the element of air.

(or “kacha”) are cotton undershorts which is a symbol of chastity and purity. Calcium is controlled by the thigh bone through its sensitivity to temperature. The kachera keeps a warm mantle of air surrounding the thigh and protects it against sudden temperature changes. The kachera maintains the polarity of the second chakra in relation to ida and pingala, the left and right polarities of the human energy system. Kachera relates to the element of water.

(sword).  As Guru Gobind Singh explained to Bahadur Shah, (the Mughal Emperor) it is an emblem of dignity, power and self-respect. It is not just a “sword,” but a combination of “kirpa” (kindness) and “aan” (dignity). Guru Gobind Singh explained that while the sword is used in anger or to take revenge, the kirpan is used in grace and dignity to protect the honor of one’s self or of those who cannot protect themselves. As a symbol, it inspires respect for weapons and the highest sense of responsibility to God, Guru and humanity. The Sikh is God’s own soldier-saint, and their sword is used only as a last resort when all other efforts towards achieving peace and right actions have been exhausted. One is a saint first, but when one’s sainthood is attacked, one must be a soldier. Currently, in situations in which it is illegal to carry a sword, one can carry a small symbolic kirpan. Kirpan relates to the element of fire.
(An excerpt from “Victory & Virtue” published by Sikh Dharma International)

Visit our marketplace to purchase any of the 5 K’s and the book “Victory and Virtue”

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A great way to meet someone new is to become a teacher. Sharing your expertise provides an opportunity to share your strengths and help others to grow. Attend a conference or workshop or class. It provides a great opportunity to meet others and learn new information. Schedule coffee or lunch times to socialize with old friends or meet successwith colleagues. Successful people realize the importance of introductions. It’s a simple thing to do but helpful to others. Follow through. Maybe you’ve met someone you like but never followed through to them. Make an effort to follow through.

Introverts. Introverts should have low expectations as they find interactions with unknown people as stressful. Anticipate having a good conversation. Never make a cold call to someone you just met without such a discussion. Making contact with someone out of the blue is uncomfortable for them. If you are attempting to make contact, don’t give up, but don’t try more than three times by calling, emailing or letter if they don’t get back to you. Successful people are usually busy. Pat yourself on the back and move on when dealing with rejection. Don’t let the sting of rejection stop you as there are plenty of other people to meet. And it’s okay to say no if you meet someone and you don’t hit it off. It’s okay to say no if you don’t feel like continuing a relationship. Don’t get sucked into a bad relationship. Meeting people is all about practice and the more people you meet the more you will get in the habit and feel less uncomfortable and awkward. Be yourself and enjoy others rather than worrying about entertaining them.

Fail more to live more. This book was written with the hope that it would help people lead more fulfilling lives, pursue what they enjoy, engage in meaningful work and embrace new experiences and the unknown. This approach provides a simple way to transform your life through small immediate actions. Embrace failure rather than resist it as every moment provides an opportunity to learn, grow, get involved, create and feel connected. Have fun failing. The more you fail the more you’ll live and desire a wonderful life.

Remember the fun factor by doing what you love. Capitalize on unexpected opportunities. Set aside time for pleasure. Do it badly as fast as you can. Successful people have a knack for performing poorly and seek out opportunities to face the limits of their skills and knowledge to encounter the unknown and learn. Find something you have been meaning to do and do it right away. Break from your routine and you will encounter new opportunities and new ideas when you’re doing new things. Step out of your usual habits and thinking patterns to experience new possibilities. Successful people have a lean approach to planning. They take small steps without the need for a long-term commitment. Focus on what you can do today and take a small immediate step to your goal. Do it anyway as it’s natural to feel uncertain and unmotivated or fearful with new challenges but fear shouldn’t stop you. Do it without thinking about your abilities. Get out there and fail as quickly as you can. And then fail again.

Think big, act small. When a big project is before you, a sick sense of failure falls on you. Then gradually you do one thing at a time. Take a step and then another. Be encouraged to think big on what you can achieve, but act small rather than define all you want to do. Bigger isn’t always better. As children, you always wanted the big win, the best grade. As adults, we feel we should still receive the maximum goal and rise above the average. Going for big wins often results in behaviors that get in the way of success. Like being overweight and signing up for a fitness club membership. Then life gets in the way and you no longer find the time to go to the gym. And you’ve already paid for the membership in advance. The problem in going for a big win is it becomes daunting and it stops you in your tracks. Don’t overcommit. No pain, no gain theory is wrong. The best way to promote positive change is by setting different goals. When not broken into manageable goals, it will become too overwhelming. Big wins prompt people to act without pursuing other options. Find a goal or option that is attainable.

Going for big wins can stop you in your tracks. It can make tasks so hard that you become overwhelmed from taking action. It can make problems more complicated and confusing. It pushes the satisfaction of completion into the future and dampens daily motivation. It requires a substantial commitment of time and resources increasing costs and risks. It promotes opportunity blindness. It gets you to do things in the most challenging way. It focuses on a future payoff so you don’t benefit from feedback along the way.

The power of small wins is attaining achievable goals which clarifies what action should be taken and reduces doubt and complexity. Like Alcoholics Anonymous that sets a goal to sustain from alcohol for one day or one week at a time. This encourages an alcoholic to remain sober for one day as opposed to the rest of their lives. By accomplishing successful days of sobriety, sustaining becomes apparent and eventually achievable in someone’s mind. This produces results by breaking tasks into controllable opportunities of modest size.

Small wins get your life in motion. Do one thing now as it can be difficult to know how to proceed. Find one small thing to do, one positive step. The smaller and easier the action step, the better. You don’t know where your actions will lead and don’t want to be led to unexpected places. But keep your step specific and easy to accomplish. Keep it fun that provides an enjoyable experience. Keep it immediate and something you can start right away and complete in a short period of time. Keep it cheap, real and social. Talk to someone in that field, show someone your project or enroll in a course.

Build on your strengths. Successful entrepreneurs don’t begin with brilliant ideas, they discover them. They tend to leap into action quickly by capitalizing on their current resources, skills, knowledge and social connections. Contrary to the assumption that successful entrepreneurs are risk takers, they do things with the least costs and time involved. Get going quickly with minimal costs and resources and utilize social connections already in your life. Take a simple step based on your current situation. Whatever your action step is go out and make it happen. Appreciate whatever happens and laugh at your mistakes. Give it your best effort and celebrate your small win. Move onto your next small win. The faster you take action that faster your opportunity will happen.

Be an innovator. Get lots of ideas and throw the bad ideas away. Innovation is creating new ways to contribute value to your life and world and the heart of all personal success. Use your inventiveness to solve problems and develop new practices and work more effectively. Help others to become better people. You don’t need an off the chart IQ to have an innovative approach to life but a willingness to seek out new experiences. Entrepreneurs don’t differ significantly in personality traits from typical business executives but they do differ in their actions.

You can see a lot just by observing. To be creative you need to be an eager and active observer. A keen observer is seeing something in a new and powerful way. Observation can lead to industry changing innovation. Like all positive habits your capacity to observe is something that happens over time. Pay close attention to your environment and everything around you.  They know how to observe among the best.

Be inquisitive. Innovators are inquisitive. The simplest questions can lead to innovation. Asking a how question is based on your existing knowledge and assumptions, but ask what and explore different options. Feed your creativity by stimulating your mind to think in new ways. Be purposeful about what you’re putting into your head. Have fun and experiment to discover the places and activities that leave you feeling fresh, enthusiastic and creative.

Be a relentless learner. We just don’t learn skills that allow us to excel in our careers we also learn many things in enjoying our lives. The most important learning can happen anywhere and anytime. You can take something away from any situation regardless of the outcome. It can help you grow and improve in your life. Seek out opportunities to learn and grow. Expose yourself to new challenges and experiences. Get outside the box. Luck is about being at the right place at the right time. But how do we know where the right place is. Innovation is like luck, being present to act at the right time and place. Learn to step out of your usual habits to embrace new possibilities. Working in diverse environments helps someone become more creative. Being creative involves venturing outside the normal boundaries and exposing yourself to other opportunities. Interact with people outside your usual social network and those with different careers.

Don’t marry a job before your first date. Life is what happens while you’re busy making other plans. Be willing to get rid of the life planned so as to have the life that is waiting for you. What do you want to be when you grow up – the question we’ve all been asked. But changing your career can sometimes be classified as being unsure, a sign of weakness or failure. It is like finding a future spouse without first going on a date. Over-planning can limit a person’s success and career matching can be silly. The world is changing and new opportunities and careers will be created.

Lean planning is smart planning. Like Google, they send out testing to the viewers before they commit to a particular path. The traditional path to starting up is no longer the best strategy. Create the minimal product and get it out there to get feedback immediately and then make adjustments. Facebook is another example of a lean company by offering simple mesgoogle facebooksaging services and then they offered additional services based on the market. Get going with a small investment. Get something into a customer’s hand as soon as possible and see how they respond. Toyota utilizes go and see for yourself. Don’t take anything for granted and go see for yourself. Experience what it’s like firsthand and determine for yourself. It is the most informative way to explore but also provides the key to ways of getting exposed to an opportunity you have not yet considered.

Test your assumptions. Don’t act on assumptions until they have been tested. One’s actions are often suaded by misleading or incorrect assumptions – school is too hard, too competitive, wrong degree, etc. Those assumptions can be disproved with a little firsthand experience. Work or volunteer at a profession to see if it is a career you want to do. If it is a job you will enjoy you will have the confidence and motivation to pursue your passion. Test your assumptions before you give up on a career. Talk to someone who is successful in that career and discuss what they enjoy about it. Ask yourself if you are okay in doing the work to get there.

Avoid perfectionism. People often resist change and progress because they want to proceed in the most professional and polished way – maybe next year, or a need to finish one more thing. Try the easiest thing to get you into a change. Embrace change.  A good book to reach out to that I highly recommend on this topic would be Jen Sincero’s book called You are a Badass: How to Stop Doubting Your Greatness and Start Living an Awesome Life.

It’s okay to change your mind. People feel they will be failures if they change their career path. Most who did change careers expressed regret over making a switch but many said they wished they had the courage to do so sooner. Don’t get stuck to a plan and be ready to change course and try new things.

Discover your success. The capacity to take immediate action and change course is more important than any plan. Many reach such success without ever deciding what their career should be. Everyone can follow their curiosity and pursue what they enjoy.

Lean approach to careers. Strive to be lean when pursuing your career. Research before making the commitment. Make the smallest plan just to take the next positive action. Focus on what you can do in the following week to have new experiences and learn. Learn to enjoy initiating small actions that lead to immediate feedback. Perform experiments to confirm or disprove your assumptions about an occupation you are curious about. Don’t believe what you hear or what you’ve learned. Come up with your own experiments that allow you to determine how feel about an occupation. Volunteer, take an introductory course, an internship or a part-time job in that field. Be prepared to change course and expect to make changes. Adjust your course depending on what you’ve learned. Avoid big investments in education and training until you have learned everything you can. Keep your plans informal and resist giving a specific answer until you have collected facts and know what direction you’re going. Develop a small plan and move onto the next positive action.

Eating the tasty pie.  A client of theirs was struggling with attending law school.  She had no passion for law and she wasn’t excited about taking the admission test to get into law school.  Most nights she was tired and angry and then up the next day doing the same thing.  She needed to increase the fun in her life and they suggested she take time off beftasty pieore taking the test and do something fun.  She had always enjoyed acting and wanted to get back into it.   She was a different person when she spoke enthusiastically about acting.  She decided to form a drama group with others at work and the first week she had four people attend.  She was having such a good time, she had lost track of having fun.  She realized she didn’t want to pursue a legal career but wanted to work with students.  She got a job working as a Manager of Student Engagement at a major software company where she interacts with engineering students on how to tackle challenging projects and interact with people to encourage their career growth.  She continues to work on acting and has been doing some standup comedy.  She realized that personal enjoyment and career growth go hand-in-hand.  In life, eat the tasty pie and to know what pie is tasty you need to eat lots of pie.

Tracking your joy.  To build more tracks of joy in your life journal your experiences.  Consider tracking what you did today that was a lot of fun, what did you experience that was amazing, what did you see that was inspiring, what fulfilling social interactions did you have.

Mapping joy.  Spend more time doing things you enjoy and less time doing things that drag you down.  Create a map of the daily places in your routine you enjoy.  Those significant places you enjoy – home, park, library, office or the mall.  Try to spend more time at that place.  You may feel those places you aren’t enjoying could be the office – but you have the choice to do what you want to do.  Spend your time filling your life with joy.

Fail fast, fail often.  A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable but more useful than a life doing nothing.  When was the last time you accomplished something you were proud of.  Did you make mistakes and mess up.  Times when you grew and accomplished the most were those times you made mistakes.  Be encouraged to fail as quickly and as frequently as possible rather than worry about doing things badly or making mistakes.  Use your mistakes and failures to accelerate your learning and you will be exposed to new opportunities.

Do it badly as fast as you can.  Easy to think of accomplishments are from a brilliant idea.  Howard Schultz’s creation of Starbucks provides a good example of how success arises from many mistakes.  When he first formed Starbucks he had the idea of modeling the store after Italian coffee shops.  It was a good idea but today they have little resemblance of the Italian stores.  The coffee shops today have evolved around experiments and revisions along the way.  Failing forward is at the heart of many businesses.  Push ahead as soon as possible for feedback so you can take the next step.  Challenges faced by writers is allowing themselves to write a really shitty first draft so they have a better second and third drafts.  This is essential to the fail fast approach.  You can’t know what something is like, how you will feel about it until you are actually doing it.

Failfail fast, fail often Fast, Fail Often was an inspiring book.  I relate it to my own personal experience of changing careers and the apprehension in doing so.  I was motivated to do so when my son switched careers after attending college and graduating with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree.  He changed his career and created his own successful internet business – a career he always had a strong passion for and truly enjoys.  As discussed in the book, and as his mother, I was certainly skeptical about such a career change.  Had he not followed his passion he would still be doing a job that was not as fulfilling to him.

Babineaux and Krumboltz are psychologists and career counselors.  The book draws on the authors’ research in human development and innovation.  It provides how enthusiasm can guide you, how to act boldly and leverage your strengths even if you are afraid of failure.  Happy and successful people go out into the world, try new things and make mistakes, and in doing so benefit from unexpected experiences and opportunities.  The point of this book is to help you take action in your life by teaching the basics and how to get going and make things happen even if you may feel apprehensive, unprepared or afraid of failure.  The authors are career counselors and educators.  People who are happy and successful spent less time planning and more time acting.  Simple techniques can provide powerful actions in your life and in your work to accomplish many things.  They have helped people accomplish many things – start a business, write novels, form a research foundation, get married or lose 100 pounds.  Not by making dramatic changes, but by making small changes to what they do.  Advice on how to follow your interests, and trust your enthusiasm and let it guide you.  Leverage your strengths for rapid change and specific steps to change your life.

Happiness tipping point.  Mother Teresa quoted, “There is more hunger for love than bread.”  We are all wired for joy; find the joy and it will burn out the pain.  When people are unhappy they fixate on what makes them unhappy in their lives and can’t enjoy themselves until they escape their current problems.  Many psychologists and counselors say you can’t make any major changes until you overcome your emotional hangups first – when the kids are done with college, when I’ll have more money, when I feel more confident, when my house is cleaned up.  But ask yourself the following – what does your fun meter say?  Take on the challenge of wearing the fun meter.

What action do you take the first day.  Focus on opportunities not problems.  When you drag your feet and focus on your bad habits you become blind to opportunities.  Mindset of fixing all your problems before taking on new things, you will never get started.  The best way to transform your life is encouragement to pursue what you enjoy.  No matter what the circumstance, there is always something you can do and new experiences to be had.  Spend more time enjoying yourself.  If you want your life to change you have to take different actions.

Passionate action is smart action.  Successful people make a habit of pursuing what they enjoy and take actions that are aligned with their passions.  It makes them smarter by doing what they love and capitalize on opportunities.  A sense of enjoyment makes people more productive.  People with positive feelings think differently and are more adaptive in their thinking.  People are most creative when engaged in work that is motivating and the work itself is of interest.  The more positive a person is the more likely that person will be creative even the following day.  Important opportunities and insights often result in pursuing one’s passion.

A long bike ride leads to a great idea.  Another example how enjoying life can lead to a life changing experience is found in the story of Gary Erickson, the founder of Clif Bar.  In 1990, Erickson was 33 years-old and living in an unheated garage.  He earned very little money and spent most of his time rock climbing and long distance cycling.  Erickson would go on long cycling trips and raced competitively in California.  He was on a long ride with a group and they each packed six energy bars.  They still had a long ways to go and had already eaten all six of their bars.  Fortunately, they made it to a gas station.  As they continued their ride, Erickson had an epiphany he would make an energy bar which was better than a Power Bar.  Erickson co-owned a bakery in Berkeley, California, and he went to work experimenting with creating an energy bar.  After six months of trials, he had an energy bar that was packed with nutrients and made with unprocessed ingredients and tasted like a cookie.  Erickson handed them out at bike rides and the feedback was positive.  In 1992, Erickson formally launched Clif Bar and the company was an instant success with more than $700,000 in sales its first year.  His sales grew to 1.5 million dollars its third year, and more than 20 million dollars in 1997.  By 2002, Erickson had turned down an offer to sell the company for 120 million dollars.  Had it not been for riding with his friends, he never would have come up with Clif Bars.  Erickson has also written a book about his success, Raising the Bar.  His idea for Clif Bar is a great example of how enjoying life can lead to a life changing experience and opportunity.

The joyful tipping point.  Mood and productivity are impacted by a person’s lack of sleep.  Less than six hours a day and you will probably feel exhausted and have trouble concentrating.  Make sure you get enough rest every night.  Similarly, eat regular meals or your energy level will fall.  The enjoyment you experience in your life is similar to rest and food – if you don’t have enough of it then your entire life will suffer.  Successful people regulate their enjoyment just as carefully as they manage their sleep and intake of food.  They organize their lives to engage in rewarding and pleasurable activities.  How much joy do you need in your life.  To have a well balanced life you need three positive experiences versus one negative experience.

Employee motivation and activity.  Have the opportunity to make positive strides at work.  Sustain motivation and performance will improve progress at work that is enjoyable and rewarding.  Progress in small increments encourages self-worth and feeds motivation for increased production.  The reason many people feel trapped is they spend too much time fussing over trivial things and not enough time working on things that matter to them.

Don’t let a day pass without having fun.  Every day should include opportunities to enjoy pleasurable activities and make progress meaningful at work.  It need not be anything exceptional but include some enjoyment daily.  Enter into a mindset that is flexible, confident, hopeful and appreciative and be eager to act on them.  When you experience deficiencies in moments of joy, you encourage a negative attitude and are less motivated and can see no end to your present situation.  You will be too tired and blinded to act on any opportunity.


Global Times Mobile

Competitors pose during the first Tiramisu World Cup competition on November 4 in Roncade, near Treviso.Photo:AFP

An Italian factory worker won the first ever Tiramisu World Cup on November 5, beating 700 other amateurs to whip up the softest and creamiest version of Italy's famous dessert.

Hundreds of would-be pudding maestros descended on the city of Treviso armed with whisks and sieves to compete in the two-day challenge to make the best tiramisu, which means "pick-me-up" in Italian.

The eventual winner, Andrea Ciccolella, 28, hails from Feltre in the Veneto region and works in an eyewear factory.

"My dream is to be a pastry chef and open a small cake shop of my own, where I'd make traditional, home-cooked things. Nothing fancy, but tasty and made well," the victor told AFP.

While the northern Italian region, home to the city of Venice, celebrated the sweet taste of victory the result was likely to embitter residents of neighboring Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

A dispute over whether the pudding originates in the Veneto or Friuli region has divided foodies for decades.

Competitors for the prize were split into those following the original recipe - ladyfinger biscuits, mascarpone cheese, eggs, coffee, cocoa powder and sugar - and those getting creative by adding everything from strawberries to green tea.

While slicing bananas into the whipped mixture was permitted, adding alcohol like Marsala wine was not.

Competitors take part in the first Tiramisu World Cup competition. Photo:AFP

'Best dessert in the world'

The prize was awarded by Roberto Linguanotto, a pastry chef who worked in Treviso in the 1960s and 1970s and is considered by Veneto as the man behind the original recipe.

"What gives the final touch to tiramisu is the coffee. It's expensive because each ladyfinger needs to be dunked in espresso, and you need lots of them: intense, good quality, flavored," he said.

Friuli scored an important victory in the battle over the birthplace of tiramisu in August, when the dessert was officially inserted into a list of the dishes recognized as traditional of the region.

Veneto officials was outraged, with Governor Luca Zaia calling on the agriculture and food minister to overturn the decision, saying "no one can swindle us out of tiramisu... the best dessert in the world."

Friuli thumbed its nose back and poured salt on the wound when a company in Udine announced this week that it had produced a machine capable of churning out a tiramisu every 30 seconds.

Treviso Mayor Giovanni Manildo side-stepped the debate on Sunday by dubbing his city "the moral capital of tiramisu."

It was a declaration which may have amused Italian food writers who claim the dessert was actually created as a stamina-boosting treat that prostitutes fed their clients in Treviso brothels in the 1950s.

There were no reports on the stamina or blood sugar levels of the juries - composed of pastry chefs, food critics and members of the public - who were still dipping spoons as the sun went down.


Artificial Intelligence is Disrupting the Insurance Industry

What exactly is artificial intelligence?

According to IBM, who has been doing research on the topic since the 1950s, artificial intelligence (AI) is simply “anything that makes machines act more intelligently”. This can be broken down further into two groups: applied or general. Applied AI is capable of doing only those tasks it has been designed for, such as driving/operating a car, or trading stocks. This is the most common type of AI, and has had a wide range of success in many applications. On the other hand, general AI is far more advanced and theoretical. Instead of seeing specialization in one task, “a machine [would be] able to perform any task a human can”. It would, in essence, be able to learn anything and apply it to any situation, to think and reason just like a human. This type of artificial intelligence, though generating much attention in the recent years, is still far from a reality.

Hand-in-hand with the concept of AI is the area of machine learning (ML). This is “a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention”. This technology is widely used today, mainly by industries who amass a large amount of data (e.g. financial services, government, health care, etc.). It is what gives a machine its ability to learn from the past, and make predictions/decisions for the future. The more it encounters, the smarter it becomes.

The financial services industry has been using artificial intelligence and machine learning for years. Referred to as FinTech, firms take advantage of AI’s power by providing sophisticated virtual customer service assistants, analyzing legal documents, and even making strategic trades on the stock market. Large firms such as JP Morgan Chase have adopted artificial intelligence to help analyze important documents, which in turn has reduced their time spent from 360,000 hours annually down to a matter of seconds.  With AI’s ability to streamline back-end operations and improve efficiency all around, one might wonder why other industries have been so late to the game. Insurance firms, for example, are only just beginning to experiment with the use of AI. Considering its resemblance to the financial industry, it seems odd that insurance is still lagging so far behind. There may be, however, two reasons why FinTech got a head start. For one, insurance is a very passive product. Whereas roughly 70 percent of insurance firms only hear from their customers once a year, financial institutions communicate with their clients almost 200 times annually. This frequent customer interaction, coupled with the heavy regulation following the economic crisis of 2008, created a need for change. It also created the perfect opportunity for disruption from startups and innovators. “From non-bank lending, because banks could no longer provide enough capital, to consumer friendly apps and efficient payment solutions” the introduction of FinTech was unsurprising. Given that the field has steadily grown over the years, and amassed $16.6B in investments for firms last year, AI’s possibilities should not be ignored. The question is: can other industries catch up?

For the insurance industry, AI and machine learning have thus far been used in pricing, handling claims and detecting fraud, though firms are only now learning of its endless possibilities. Lemonade, a new property insurance company out of New York, is pioneering the way for other carriers to automate their processes and implement artificial intelligence. They enlist the help of chatbots, which are computer programs able to analyze language and mimic conversations to interact with humans. The bots are able to speak to multiple customers at once and are available anytime of the day. This is a major advantage for businesses that rely on fast, effective customer service.

Lemonade’s chatbot, Maya, “sells inexpensive homeowners’ and renters’ insurance, and their claims bot, AI Jim…recently settled a claim in three seconds”. Maya is able to communicate directly with customers and help them navigate through the confusion of applying for coverage. Their website claims she will craft the perfect insurance for you, without the need for customer service representatives and underwriters. The appeal of having a computer execute such tasks is that it reduces the time spent, the hassles and the costs. It makes the processes far more seamless, instantaneous and trustworthy. Even though Lemonade is targeting a niche group (millennials), other insurance companies should not turn a blind eye; they could learn a lot from the company’s operations and values. “Lemonade is fast and transparent rather than slow and opaque”. Many people will be drawn to this refreshing view in a notoriously mundane industry.

With the ever-increasing use of social media and “smart” gadgets, AI machines now have access to a wealth of data. This is especially useful when analyzing a client’s risk and setting an appropriate premium. Underwriting, a somewhat lengthy and intricate process, has been presented with the opportunity for automation. A bot is able to “scan a customer’s social profile to gather information and find trends and patterns”. This ability to analyze social media posts and determine a person’s risk within seconds puts AI’s capabilities far beyond humans’, and at a far lower cost. When considering the vast amount of data generated from the Internet of Things (IoT), the accuracy and knowledge of these bots will be unparalleled. AI also provides the “mechanics to capture ‘tribal knowledge’, thereby providing a uniform assessment metric across the entire underwriting process”. Tribal knowledge is defined as information that is known only to the insiders of a particular group or organization, and is not common knowledge to outsiders. In the world of underwriting, this tribal knowledge could consist of emails, internal reports, presentations and evaluations, all of which can help better assess a group’s risk.

One would think gathering personal data from people would be met with overwhelming opposition, but surprisingly “62 percent of younger groups said they’d be happy for insurers to use third-party data…to lower prices”. While it is exciting that companies may no longer base their premiums on generalized assumptions, and look to individualized data instead, a concern for privacy is presented. Allowing limitless access to your personal data is both risky and invasive. What happens to our freedom of speech if we can no longer share photos from a night out, or post our thoughts online without the threat of increased insurance premiums? Additionally, think of the impact a data breach would have if you allow all of your personal information to be in the hands of one company. To make matters worse, there is no guarantee these companies would not sell your information to third parties, thereby increasing the risk of a data breach exponentially. Consumers need to weigh the pros and cons before allowing insurance companies access to such personal information. Since when does affordability outweigh privacy?

Claim Handling

Claims processing can be “a monotonous task susceptible to errors stemming from uniquely human factors”. Not only does AI reduce the amount of time spent on claims, it also reduces the probability of error. Imagine having a machine analyze a photo of damage and estimate repair costs within seconds. The entire burden of handling the claim would fall off of the insurer and customer. AI will eliminate the need for having multiple people work on the same claim, thus decreasing administrative costs and the frequency of errors. Kristof Terryn, COO of Zurich, has instituted a project to automate their claims processes. He declared that it “will trim $5 million from expenses…for the 39,000 hours of claims handler time now being done by computer”. Though this is an impressive reduction in costs, most of the value stems from increasing the accuracy of claims and virtually eliminating errors during the process. Other companies that have implemented automation “of their claims process have seen a significant reduction in processing times and [an increase in] quality”. The use of chatbots also reduces the need for interaction with customers during the process. Any questions customers may have could be directed to those bots, therefore allowing workers to focus on more important tasks. Thanks to artificial intelligence, insurance companies’ resources can be better allocated; they will no longer require the manpower needed in decades past.

Fraud Detection

With the implementation of AI and machine learning comes the ability to analyze data better and faster than any human ever could. These machines are able to identify patterns within a claim, look to historical data and “help to recognize fraudulent claims in the process”. This should be of utmost importance to not only insurance carriers, but to the insureds as well. According to the FBI, it is estimated that insurance fraud costs the United States $40 billion annually. This cost is passed along to the insureds in the form of increased premiums, roughly “$400 to $700 per year”. A startup firm in France called Shift Technology is using AI in their fraud prevention services. They have “already processed over 77 million claims… [and] have reached a 75 percent accuracy rate for detecting fraudulent insurance claims”.1Even IBM offers AI services to fight financial crimes.  It is evident that this application of AI will grow exponentially in the future and drastically help cut the cost of fraud.

All things considered, artificial intelligence is set to flip the insurance industry upside down. Automating monotonous processes, reducing fraud and increasing accuracy are major advantages of using the technology. Insurance, which as an industry is notorious for its antiquated processes and values, is being disrupted by this emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Disruption happens when an existing market, industry, or technology is displaced and replaced with something new and more efficient/worthwhile. Accenture claims that “75 percent of insurance executives believe AI will provide significant industry changes in the next three years”. Despite the fact some insurers have started to embrace the change, many others are unaware of the impact it is having already. While there are many kinks left to be ironed out, the reality is that companies have two options- catch up or be left behind.

About the Author

Ashley Evans: Analytics intern at J.W. Terrill, and senior at Saint Louis University pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Finance; Dean’s List recipient for two consecutive semesters. Interested in continuing her education with a Master’s in Applied Financial Economics.

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  2. Marr, Bernard. “What Is The Difference Between Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning?” Forbes. September 15, 2017. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  3. “What Is AI?” IT PRO. June 11, 1970. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  4. “Machine Learning: What It Is and Why It Matters.” SAS. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  5. Alton, Liz. “How Financial Services Use AI To Serve Customer Needs.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 8 Sept. 2017,
  6. Kurani, Ravi. “InsurTech Is the New FinTech – or Is It? – Earlybird’s View – Medium.”Medium, Augmenting Humanity, 23 Aug. 2016,
  7. “The Global Fintech Report Q4 2017.” Corporate Innovation Trends, 2018, Ads&utm_medium=FintechReport&msclkid=4a5f3b8d528b149feb2660d5b3c03485.
  8. Team, Writer Profile Of “How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing the Insurance Business.” Medium. February 14, 2017. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  9. Sun, Alex. “How Chatbots Can Settle an Insurance Claim in 3 Seconds.” VentureBeat,VentureBeat, 28 May 2017,  settle-an-insurance-claim-in-3-seconds/.
  10. “Lemonade Renters & Home Insurance | Protect The Stuff You Love.” Lemonade. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  11. Fromm, Jeff. “How Startup Lemonade Is Redefining Insurance For Millennials.” Forbes. July 12, 2017. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  12. Moodie, Alison. “How Artificial Intelligence Could Help Make the Insurance Industry Trustworthy.” The Guardian. January 28, 2017. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  13. Morgan, Blake. “How Artificial Intelligence Will Impact The Insurance Industry.” Forbes. July 25, 2017. Accessed July 18, 2018.          intelligence-will-impact-the-insurance-industry/#1daeb20a6531.
  14. Kumar, Krishna. “AI’s Huge Potential for Underwriting.” Insurance Thought Leadership. December 17, 2015. Accessed July 18, 2018.
  15. “What Is Tribal Knowledge? Definition and Meaning.”   Accessed July 18, 2018.
  16. “Young Consumers Willing to Let Insurers Spy on Digital Data – If It Cuts Premiums.”     Insurance Journal. June 21, 2018. Accessed July 18, 2018.
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  21. Howard, Caroline. “Disruption Vs. Innovation: What’s The Difference?” Forbes. June 20, 2016. Accessed July 18, 2018.
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Leonardo Salmena, PhD

Our ongoing scientific interests include investigations of signalling perturbations in the oncogenic PI3-kinase pathway, specifically the function and aberrations of the tumor suppressor PTEN in the context of leukemogenesis. We are currently investigating post-translational mechanisms of PTEN regulation and control of PTEN expression by microRNA.

We have recently identified a novel post-transcriptional mechanism of gene regulation of PTEN mediated through competitive interaction of cellular RNA molecules. These findings have opened a new field of study which embraces the notion that all cellular RNA molecules (coding and non-coding) have the ability to compete for microRNA binding and thereby mediate their relative functions in trans. Future studies include functional analyses of the non-coding transcriptome, its aberrant regulation, and the consequences for human disease and cancer.

We also have a keen and ongoing interest in the generation of innovative genetically modified mouse models. The design of such models is aimed to elucidate and faithfully model the genomic alterations leading to disease and cancer for the purpose of preclinical studies.

Finally, working closely with Dr. Mark Minden, we are intensely investigating the genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of human leukemias, with the aim of identifying potential targets and novel strategies for disease prevention.
Oncotarget. 2019 Oct 29;10(59):6378-6390
Mangialardi EM, Chen K, Salmon B, Vacher J, Salmena L
Oncotarget. 2019 Mar 29;10(25):2475-2483
Zaman T, Sun P, Narod SA, Salmena L, Kotsopoulos J
Cancer Causes Control. 2018 Apr 20;:
Moran O, Zaman T, Eisen A, Demsky R, Blackmore K, Knight JA, Elser C, Ginsburg O, Zbuk K, Yaffe M, Narod SA, Salmena L, Kotsopoulos J
PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0191510
Dzneladze I, Woolley JF, Rossell C, Han Y, Rashid A, Jain M, Reimand J, Minden MD, Salmena L
Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 22;:
Odén L, Akbari M, Zaman T, Singer CF, Sun P, Narod SA, Salmena L, Kotsopoulos J
Breast Cancer Res. 2016;18(1):87
Chehade R, Pettapiece-Phillips R, Salmena L, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Kotsopoulos J
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1388:v
Salmena L, Stambolic V
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1388:39-51
Woolley JF, Salmena L
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1388:3-11
Salmena L


Consumer behaviour and marketing research question papers

Rational Versus Emotional by Jerry W. Thomas A summary of recent insights about advertising, based on the latest research findings. What is the difference between male and female customer psychologies? What is the point of gendered products?

Hyper-creatives can help generate hundreds of new product ideas to keep companies driving forward through tough economic times. There are many other ways that retailers can go about configuring the experience of retailing to satisfy these deeper, human, spiritual needs of consumers that we seem to shy away from as business people, but which I believe will be increasingly urgent as business plays a more therapeutic role in the 21st century social economy.

Consumer behaviour and marketing research question papers

Behavioral variables include usage rate and loyalty. What is a brand, and why do brands matter?

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And how do you measure and manage brand equity to maximize profits over the long term? Aer Lingus competes in the transatlantic long-haul sector, within the European Union, in the UK market and domestically within Ireland. The following list of ideas is aimed to make it a bit easier for you.

So, the purpose of this article is to share some basic ideas and best practices for the use of qualitative research as a component in the package-design research plan. Correct Answer - Blue Although early related research can be traced back much further, the attempt to theorize consumer behavior began infirst looking at the type of behavioral processes consumers typically used in adopting new products; then addressing consumer problem-solving, buyer behavior, and buyer decision processes.

Another consumer behaviour paper on consumption demonstrate through its research on the extent to which the body type of consumers affects the food choices and level of consumption of other consumers around them. Thomas Most analysts define operations research and management science to mean the application of the scientific method and advanced analytics to the solution of business problems.

Thomas So what is marketing research? Does advertising stimulate excessive consumption? Question - Multiple Choice Single Answers Question It is a method of collecting past and current data by recording information: The Great Marketing Debate: What are the ways to create a successful product? The recent advances discussed in this paper have the potential to reduce survey length for choice modeling research and deliver more accurate market simulators to measure bottom-line revenue impacts.

Maria immediately purchased two dresses but Sandra returned home empty handed. The effect of background music in stores. Submit Marketing Research White Papers Free white papers and articles on different marketing research techniques.

Consumer Behaviour

Rather, positioning should be thought of as an element of strategy, a component of strategy, not as the strategy itself.

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It has been said that the basic nature of consumer behavior is diversity: Thomas Every change in the marketplace creates opportunities for successful new products. The first stage, Problem Recognition, is when a consumer becomes aware of a need. There is an objective function; that is, a mathematical definition of the object or thing to be optimized to maximize profits or sales revenue or minimize costs, typically.

Why are people so willing to follow popular cultural trends? On the other hand, the environment such as the terminal, the aircraft, and the booking point are important factors.ignou master of business administration(mba) download all ignou previous year question papers free of cost with downloadable link and session wise, select session and download you can download old session previous year question papers for preparation for exam of ignou.

Consumer Behaviour and Market Research Critically evaluate the influence of children on buying decisions in the context of family decision making. This sample research paper written on consumer behavior will help improve your understanding of branding and risk aversion in marketing.5/5(1).

10 Great Marketing Dissertation Topics On Consumer Behavior. Many factors will end up influencing your dissertation topic, including what the focus of your doctoral program is, and what funds are available for your research, but choosing a topic can be a daunting task.

MARKETING RESEARCH. SRIRAM M Marketing Research – it includes market research and also areas such as research into new products. analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the RESEARCH AND MARKETING RESEARCH Market Research – simply a research into a specific market.

collection. DEFINITION: The. This research has important implications for brand and global marketing efforts by consumer-oriented companies. After all, notions about cultural differences are often the basis for international marketing communications as well as global brand management strategies.

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Halsbury’s Laws of India is a series based on Halsbury’s Laws of England, which provides a com-prehensive statement of law. This series is not a commentary but presents the legal position as it is laid by legislation and case law. In this volume on Contracts the contributor has discussed under each thematic topic the relevant provisions of the Indian Contract Act as well as all allied laws that would be relevant thereby providing a comprehensive and holistic treatment. This volume presents the position of the law as on July 215. The author analyses and discusses principles propounded in landmark case law on the subject of Contracts.

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The Yakima City Council meeting tonight (Nov. 19) should determine whether Yakima voters will have an opportunity to change the city's form of government this coming February from a council-manager system to a council-elected mayor system. A common term often used to describe the elected mayor system is "strong mayor," but regardless of the name, the proposed system allows for a few major changes from the current system.

The City Council's job is to set city policy and to hire a city manager whose job it is to carry out the council policies and run the day to day operations of the city.  The city manager, working as the administrator, works at the pleasure of the council.

Under the current system, the city also has a mayor but that individual is not chosen by the voters but is elected from within the members of the council. The mayor's job is primarily ceremonial and to run council meetings.
Under an elected mayor system the council is still the policy setting and legislative body for the city. However the elected mayor is now the day-to-day administrator of city affairs.
Proponents of the change say the advantage of such a system is that it gives residents the final say in who it is that does the daily job of running the city.
Former Yakima City Councilman and former Mayor Dave Edler is a longtime proponent of a change. He was on KIT's Morning News radio show to explain his support for the change and to encourage the community to turn out for tonight's meeting.


Should Plant-Based Meat Replace Beef Completely?

What’s the beef with beef? As plant-based meat startups try to chop the meat from our diets, beef is seen as bad for the land, air and the body. But that’s not the full story. Economics correspondent Paul Solman takes a closer look at the costs, pros and cons of our obsession with the mighty bovine.

Watch the full PBS NewsHour episode on PBS.


Addiction Treatment: Brain Stimulation Possible Answer

Drug addiction is a chronic disease that affects more than 5 percent of the world’s population. Over 64,000 people are thought to have died in the U.S. from a drug overdose in 2016 and according to recent estimates, over 21 million Americans aged 12 and above are living with a substance abuse disorder.

We know that the brain’s reward-processing circuits are thrown off balance when addicted, as the brain receives excessive amounts of dopamine. Dopamine plays a critical role in reward-mediated motivation and learning, as well as in experiencing pleasure. When the brain gets too much dopamine, it continues to search for that “high” in favor of “lesser” pleasures normally derived from other daily rewards, such as eating a chocolate bar or getting recognition at work.

This is why we call addiction a brain disease, but despite this, until recently, researchers had not come up with any treatments aimed at the neural circuits involved in addiction.

Now, however, researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston may have come up with a treatment that successfully targets these brain circuits.

The researchers, supervised by Colleen Hanlon, Ph.D., managed to successfully use a noninvasive brain stimulation technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to blunt the brain’s response to the appeal of alcohol and cocaine in chronic users. They carried out two experiments simultaneously, both led by first study author Tonisha Kearney-Ramos, Ph.D. One study involved 24 participants who suffered from alcohol use disorder, and the other involved 25 participants who suffered from cocaine use disorder.

The participants had one session of TMS and one control session that imitated the TMS session but without actually delivering any stimulation to the brain. TMS allows the specific targeting of certain brain areas. In these experiments, both groups received stimulation focused on a region of the brain which is key for addiction and reward-processing: the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

After the sessions were completed, Kearney-Ramos and colleagues used a functional MRI to scan the participants’ brains in order to assess their response to drug cues such as seeing a liquor bottle. The brain’s reactivity to drug cues seemed to have been significantly reduced by TMS.

“Since cue reactivity has previously been associated with abstinence,” explains Dr. Cameron Carter, editor of the journal that published the findings, “these [findings] suggest a common mechanism for treatment effects across disorders.”

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Elementary Geometry for College St...

6th Edition
Daniel C. Alexander + 1 other
ISBN: 9781285195698

Elementary Geometry for College St...

6th Edition
Daniel C. Alexander + 1 other
ISBN: 9781285195698
Textbook Problem

In Exercises 1 to 4, write the converse, the inverse, and the contrapositive of each statement. When possible, classify the statement as true or false.

If Juan wins the state lottery, then he will be rich.

To determine

To find:

The converse, the inverse, and the contrapositive of each statement.

The given statement is,

Conditional (or Implication) PQ If P, then Q.
Converse of conditional QP If Q, then P.
Inverse of conditional PQ If not P, then not Q.
Contrapositive of conditional QP If not Q, then not P.

Consider the given statement,

The conditional statement of the given statement is,

If Juan is the winner of the lottery, then he is rich.

The given statement is in “if P, then Q” form.

Here P is Juan is the winner of the lottery and Q is he is rich.

Converse of conditional statement is,

If Juan is rich, then he is the winner of the lottery.

This statement is false because Juan may have been rich without being winner of the lottery.

Inverse of conditional is,

If Juan is not the winner of the lottery, then he will not be rich

Still sussing out bartleby?

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