  • The Grand Banquets

    In the Forbidden City, the Hall of Supreme Harmony was the most important domain for the emperor to exercise and demonstrate his supreme sovereignty. It was in the venue that national ceremonies such as the imperial audience, annual festivals, enthronement, the empress consort’s investiture, and the Ceremony of Chuanlu (honorary roll call of successful candidates) were held.

    According to the system of rites, the emperor was to preside at the Hall of Supreme Harmony during the Three Imperial Festivals to receive homage from his subjects and subsequently hold banquets. The banqueting space of the Hall comprised the interior and the entire front courtyard. The courtyard stretched from the facade of the Hall to the Gate of Supreme Harmony, covering three hectares.

    The guests’ official ranks and social status dictated the seating order at the Grand Banquet. Imperial clans, high-ranking officials, and tributary noblemen were seated inside the Hall, and staffers from the Censorate (Ducha Yuan) and the Court of Colonial Affairs (Lifan Yuan) were placed on the two flanks. High-ranking hereditary noblemen and imperial guards sat on the elevated terrace in front of the Hall. Officials lower than the third rank would assemble in the courtyard, and foreign envoys would be placed on the periphery. The seating arrangement was intended to create a symmetric body of guests paying tribute and toasting to the Son of Heaven seated on the throne. This top-down, descending closeness of relationships in the seating order demonstrated not only the imperial reign’s political hierarchy and ethics of ranking but also the universal order carefully manicured through the lens of the Qing empire.
  • The Grand Festivals

    In the eighth year of the Shunzhi reign (1651), the government officially designated the New Year’s Day, Winter Solstice, and the Emperor’s Birthday as the three major yearly festivals. On these occasions, the imperial clans and the Grand Secretaries would lead government officials to pay tribute to the emperor, who would then host a grand banquet at the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Simultaneously, local government officials would set up an incense altar facing towards the imperial capital and undertake the ceremony of three kneeling and nine kowtows to pledge allegiance from afar. Dignitaries in the capital, generals stationed in outposts, and envoys from Joseon, Annam, and the Ryuku Kingdom would pay tribute to the emperor by submitting their memorials. Of all the submitted memorials, those categorized as biao were destined for the emperor and the empress dowager, and those categorized as jian were destined for the empress. The Grand Secretariat was responsible for creating memorial templates, and local officials would submit routine memorials.

    According to the regulations, a grand banquet should be held at the Hall of Supreme Harmony during the Three Imperial Festivals where an imperial audience was assembled to pay homage to the emperor. In practice, though, imperial audience was assembled primarily on the New Year’s Day but less frequently on the day following the Winter Solstice Sacrifice to Heaven. Banquets were often cancelled due to smallpox pandemic or ominous movements of heavenly bodies. Of all the Three Imperial Festivals in the Qing dynasty, those held at the Hall of Supreme Harmony were extremely rare. As of the fifteenth year of the reign of Qianlong Emperor (1750), the Emperor’s Birthday was beginning to be celebrated decennially on New Year’s Day at the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Throughout the Qing dynasty, there were merely 48 banquets held at the Hall of Supreme Harmony for the Three Imperial Festivals.
  • The Imperial Weddings

    The wedding ceremony of the Son of Heaven was billed as Imperial Wedding. If the emperor had already been married before being enthroned, an investiture ceremony would then be held immediately after the enthronement. During the ceremony, the princess-consort would be installed as the empress consort. In the early days following the Qing conquest of China, namely during the reigns of the Shunzhi and Kangxi Emperors, imperial weddings were held for the early-enthroned emperors when they came of age. It was also the case for the last three Qing emperors, i.e. Tongzhi, Guangxu, and Xuantong, who were enthroned when they were fairly young. Granted that the young emperor had the final say, the selection of consorts and empress was more possibly the result of contest and negotiation between the empress dowager, the great consorts, and chief officials. Generally, the emperor would assume his personal rule after the imperial wedding, marking the official start of his supreme sovereignty.
  • The Imperial Examinations

    Although the Qing dynasty drew on a variety of human resources, the civil service examinations remained the most esteemed and legitimate way of climbing the social ladder. A young scholar hoping to land a governmental post should begin by taking the lowest-level examination to obtain the status of Cultivated Talent (xiucai). Having become a xiucai with high marks meant being academically qualified for sitting in the triennial Provincial Examinations. This qualification placed one as the peer of Government Students (shengyuan). Those having passed the Provincial Examinations became a licentiate member of Provincial Graduate (juren), and were eligible to apply for candidature with the Ministry of Rites in the Metropolitan Examination held at the capital. Successful candidates of the Metropolitan Examination were called gongshi, who were eligible for sitting at the Palace Examination presided over by the emperor. The emperor would then list the candidates in the order of the Three Categories (sanjia). Those categorized in the First Category (yijia) were conferred the title of Metropolitan Graduate with Honors (jinshi jidi), and those in the Second and the Third Categories were conferred the title of Regular Metropolitan Graduate (jinshi chushen) and Associate Metropolitan Graduate (tong jinshi chushen) respectively. The candidate standing first in the First Category was called the Principal Graduate (zhuangyuan), followed by the Second Graduate (bangyen) and the Third Graduate (tanhua).

    The civil service examinations were an elaborate process for recruitment of talents. The Provincial and Metropolitan Examinations, for instance, are comprised of three sections, each taking up the entire day. As to test subjects, the first section contained three questions based on the Four Books (Sishu) and the composition of a rhymed poem with five characters per line. On the second day, the candidates were asked five questions drawing on the Five Classics (Wujing). All essay questions should be answered in the form of Eight-legged essay (baguwen), a prescribed form of rhetorical sequence and organized elaboration. On the third day, the candidates were to write an argument essay to complete the examination. Subsequently, every test paper was to be sealed and transcribed in vermillion ink by the examination staff to produce a copy devoid of attributable handwriting. When the Provincial, Metropolitan, and Palace Examinations were over, the list of examination staff, test questions, and the list of successful candidates were published, and example essays would go into print.

    Considering the changing state of affairs, the Qing court abolished the Imperial Examinations in 1905. In lieu of the Examinations conventionalized since the Tang and Song Dynasties, modern school system was introduced. In an effort to emulate other nations in terms of modern school system, the Qing dynasty terminated the Imperial Examinations that had been in place for over thirteen centuries.


Neonate female American Quarter horse, Equus caballus.The foal gasped at birth then stopped breathing. The foal was dead on arrival to the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Intubation was unsuccessful.

Gross Description:

The mucous membranes of the oral cavity were diffusely tinged blue (cyanosis). Approximately 20% of the pulmonary parenchyma was aerated and the remaining lung tissue was atelectic (fetal atelectasis). Foci of epicardial hemorrhages were present on the right ventricle, adjacent to the atrio-ventricular junction. Pinpoint hemorrhages were scattered throughout the thymus and on the mucosal surface of the esophagus.

Histopathologic Description:

Skeletal muscle (diaphragm, semitendinosis): Within numerous swollen myofibers are discrete glassy to compact granular, lightly basophilic, oval to variably shaped and sized inclusion bodies that are up to approximately 50 μm in length. The inclusions disrupt and/or replace the normal cytoplasmic myofibril architecture.

Heart: Intracytoplasmic inclusions, similar to those previously described, are within numerous variably swollen and disrupted myocytes.

Brainstem: A few to moderate numbers of large neuronal cell bodies contain intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, similar to those previously described.

Morphologic Diagnosis:

1. Heart, Skeletal muscle (diaphragm, intercostal, thigh): Severe multifocal myofiber degeneration with intracytoplasmic inclusions.

2. Brainstem: Moderate neuronal degeneration with intracytoplasmic inclusions.

Lab Results:

Period acid-Schiff staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues collected at the time of necropsy, sectioned at 5 μm, show intensely PAS-positive, large intracytoplasmic inclusions within swollen skeletal muscle fibers (tongue, diaphragm, intercostal, semitendinosis, quadricep), in cardiac myocytes, and within large neuronal cell bodies in the brainstem.

Genotyping was performed at the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. DNA used for analysis was isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded skeletal muscle tissue. Analysis showed the foal to be homozygous for the single nucleotide polymorphism responsible for glycogen branching enzyme deficiency.

Transmission electron microscopy was performed on formalin fixed skeletal muscle and brainstem at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Davis Branch. Transmission electron microscopy revealed large electron dense filamentous to granular inclusions in degenerate skeletal muscle fibers. Similar inclusions are seen within degenerate neuronal cell bodies within the brainstem.

Glycogen storage disease IV

Contributor Comment:

Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, or glycogen storage disease IV, is a fatal hereditary condition that occurs in American Quarter horse and American Paint horse lineages. The inheritance pattern is autosomal recessive. The genetic mutation responsible for this disease has been identified in the glycogen branching enzyme 1 gene (GBE1) as a cytosine to adenosine substitution at base 102 that results in a tyrosine to stop mutation in codon 34 of exon 1.(7) Homozygous foals are either stillborn, die shortly after birth, or are euthanized within the first few months of life due to worsening clinical signs. Clinical signs vary and may include progressive muscle weakness, hypoglycemic seizures, respiratory failure, or sudden death. A study performed to assess the carrier frequency of this allelic mutation in populations of Quarter horses and Paint horses estimated that 8.3% of Quarter horses and 7.1 % of Paint horses are heterozygous for the mutated form of GBE1.(4)

Normal glycogen is present in the cytosol in the form of small electron dense granules that range in diameter from 10 to 40 nm and are comprised of glucose molecules that have α 1, 4 linkages between glucose residues and α 1, 6 glycosidic bonds at every 10th residue that create a branched polymer.(3) Branching of the polymer increases water solubility and provides a larger number of terminal residues which are the sites for enzymatic action of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase; enzymes that are responsible for glycogen degradation and synthesis, respectively. While glycogen synthase catalyzes the synthesis of α-1, 4 linkages between glucose residues, glycogen branching enzyme is responsible for the formation of the α 1, 6 glycosidic bonds that create the branched form of the glucose polymer, glycogen. Animals born deficient of this enzyme form non-branching, PAS-positive, diastase-resistant glucose polymers that form large aggregates within the cytoplasm of various tissues including skeletal muscle, brain, spinal cord, heart, liver. Glucose polymers that have only α-1, 4 linkages between glucose residues or those having few α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds (1 per 30 glucose residues) are amylose and amylopectin, respectively.(3) Amylose and amylopectin are starches that serve as nutritional reservoirs for plants and are not normal storage forms of glucose in mammalian species. Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (equine glycogen storage disease IV) has previously been termed amylopectinosis prior to identification of the genetic mutation responsible for this disease.(2) Also, prior to discovering the genetic mutation and inheritance pattern, Valberg, et al. reported that glycogen branching enzymatic activity was virtually absent in affected foals and that some of the half-siblings of the affected foals had an approximately 50% decrease in GBE activity.(6)

The breed of the foal (Quarter horse) and the character and staining properties of the numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions seen within all examined skeletal muscles, heart, and brainstem were consistent with glycogen branching enzyme deficiency, also referred to as glycogen storage disease IV. This diagnosis was confirmed by genotype analysis. The hemorrhages seen in multiple organs are considered agonal. The partial aeration of the lung parenchyma may have occurred during attempts at resuscitation or at the time of parturition when the foal was reported to have gasped for air prior to ceasing to breathe.

JPC Diagnosis:

1. Skeletal muscle: Glycogen-like inclusions, intrasarcoplasmic, many, with multifocal mild rhabdomyocyte degeneration.

2. Cardiac muscle: Glycogen-like inclusions, intrasarcoplasmic, many.

3. Brainstem, gray matter, neurons: Glycogen-like inclusions, intracytoplasmic, rare.

Conference Comment:

The contributor adeptly describes the pathogenesis behind the defect in glycogen metabolism and formation of inclusions in this important entity of American quarter and paint horses as well as Norwegian forest cats. Glycogen is a crucial source of energy stored in myocytes and in variable amounts within hepatocytes. When glucose is found in excess, it is converted into glycogen and stored in hepatocytes, thus glycogen concentration within the liver is highest shortly after eating, or in animals with abnormal glucose metabolism such as those with diabetes. Renal tubular epithelial cells and B-cells of the islets of Langerhans also can convert glucose to glycogen, resulting in intracellular accumulation in diabetics.(1)

Glycogen is demonstrated histologically using the PAS reaction on two serial sections. Pretreatment of one section with diastase enables its comparison between the intensity of magenta staining of the two sections to determine whether glycogen is present. If glycogen is present, diastase will digest it and remove it from the tissue (diastase-sensitive), thus removing the magenta color. The inclusions in this case are diastase-resistant because, as the contributor describes, the deficient glycogen branching enzyme (GBE) is necessary to form the glycosidic bonds between glucose molecules, creating the branching polymer glycogen. This is in contrast to other glycogen storage diseases such as type I and III which involve deficiencies in the conversion of glycogen to glucose, thus resulting in excess accumulation of glycogen.(1) All types of glycogen storage diseases are characterized by defects in the glycogen metabolic pathway and ultimately result in the failure of adequate utilization of energy resources leading to generalized muscle weakness or death.

Another storage myopathy commonly recognized in the American Quarter horse, though reported in many other breeds, is equine polysaccharide storage myopathy. A definitive abnormality of the glycolytic or glycogenolytic pathway has not yet been identified for this entity, although a point mutation in skeletal muscle glycogen synthase I (GYS1) gene has been associated with some cases. This disease results in the accumulation of intracytoplasmic glycogen within type 2 fibers, which can become amylase-resistant inclusions as the glycogen becomes ubiquitinated in chronic cases. Episodes of exertional rhabdomyolysis is often associated with this condition.(5)

A second major group of storage diseases worthy of mention in domestic animals are those of lysosomes, characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal acid hydrolases leading to the excess accumulation of insoluble metabolites within lysosomes. For a case example and in-depth discussion of the numerous types of lysosomal storage diseases, we refer the reader to WSC 2013 (conference 5, case 2)

1. Myers RK, McGavin MD, Zachary JF. Cellular adaptations, injury and death: Morphologic, biochemical, and genetic bases. In: Zachary JF, McGavin MD, eds. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 5th edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:35,54-55.

2. Render JA, et al. Amylopectinosis in a fetal and neonatal Quarter horse. Vet Pathol. 1999;36:157-160.

3. Stryer L. Biochemistry. 4th edition. New York: WH Freeman and Company; 1995:472-473, 581-588.

4. Valberg SJ, et al. Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency in Quarter horse foals. J Vet Intern Med. 2001;15:572- 580.

5. Valentine BA, McGavin MD. Skeletal muscle. In: Zachary JF, McGavin MD, eds. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 5th edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:902-904.

6. Wagner ML, et al. Allele frequency and likely impact of the glycogen branching enzyme deficiency gene in Quarter horse and Paint horse populations. J Vet Intern Med 2006;20:1207-1211.

7. Ward TL, et al. Glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) mutation causing equine glycogen storage disease IV. Mamm Genome 2004;15:570-577.

Click the slide to view.

4-1. Heart

4-2. Skeletal muscle

4-3. Skeletal muscle

4-4. Brainstem

4-5. Brainstem

4-6. Skeletal muscle

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Micron Rating. What are they and why is it important?

The Filter Guys

What is a Micron?

A micron is a measurement of size. It is one millionth of a metre (1/1000000m) or a thousandth of a millimetre (1/1000mm). In filtration, a micron rating is a rating of the media’s capacity to stop dirt (it is not an efficiency rating). The micron rating will be nominal or absolute.

A nominal micron rating means that a media may be explained as 10 micron but that is a mean average, it probably varies between 5 and 15 micron over the surface of the media itself; this often applies to cellulose media which is a natural product. Engine oil and fuel filters are often nominally rated.

An absolute micron rating means that the media has a uniformed surface and will ‘do what it says on the tin.’ A 10 micron absolute filter will not allow particles of 10.1 micron or bigger through at all. Absolute filters are man made products, such as glass fibre, and are manufactured to an extremely high specification. Hydraulic filters are often absolute rated (but not necessarily for all hydraulic applications).

Why is it important?

In filtration the micron rating of the element is very important to guarantee its correct operation. The wrong type of media can mean more dirt gets through the filter than you want and this can cause wear and tear and even complete breakdowns of your engines and hydraulic equipment.

Take a lubrication system on your engine. Oil is pumped between the moving parts of the engine, this oil contains particles, if the oil isn’t filtered before being sent into the engine then wear and tear will occur. The space between moving parts may only be 30 or 40 microns. If oil contains particles of that size then dirt is going to jam and consequently build up between moving parts. Over many hours (or years) of operation with inadequate filtration this build up of dirt will cause the moving parts to jam which will cause catastrophic failure of an engine leading to expensive downtime and repair costs.

Of course, over time filters will clog with dirt too but they are easily sourced from Sterling Filtration Ltd and replaced. They hold the damaging particles so the engine doesn’t have to. A filter may cost ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred pounds and sometimes even more, but compared to the cost of downtime of a machine and the stripping and rebuilding of an engine they are easily the most cost effective way of keeping your engines and machinery running properly all of the time. See your operators manual for service intervals.

Watch Out for Dents on Liquid Filters.

The Filter Guys

Watch Out for Dents on Liquid Filters. Cracked filters can be caused by dents made during improper installation. Filters that are dented prior to or during installation should not be used. Filters dented after installation should be replaced immediately. The cost of replacing a dented filter is much less than the cost of the damages that could result from a dented filter that fails during service.

Filter fatigue results from pressure pulses within the system. Pressure is regulated by a pressure regulating valve. This valve is spring operated and intermittently opens and closes to regulate pressure. Once pressure exceeds the setting of the spring in the regulating valve, the valve will open and relief the pressure until the spring can expand and close the valve. This function is continued continuously during operation of the system, creating a pulsing effect. Filter canisters are subjected to the same pulsation. However, unlike the spring in the pressure regulating valve, canister material is susceptible to failure after such fatigue.

Filters are designed with a low carbon steel to resist fatigue and are formed so the stress created by the pulses in the system are equalised over the surface area of the canister. A dent provides an area of stress concentration where pressure pulses can greatly shorten the fatigue life of the canister.

Remember, filters should never be fitted to an engine or hydraulic system if they are dented or damaged in any way.


Your guide to studying Nanotechnology in Malaysia

Course Duration:

4 Years

Average Salary:

MYR 27,000 - 125,000

Average Fees:

MYR 80,000

Job Demand:

What is Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology works around the smallest, most amazing fragments of science from storing and altering things on the cellular level, to creating new, tiny pieces of electronics.

Do you have a keen eye for detail? Do want to innovate and create new processes and things not seen prior to this? Do you want to be a crucial cog in the clock of the future? Have you ever had an interest in atoms? Then perhaps, Nanoengineering is the course for you.

Nanotechnology is a highly specialised field that zooms down to an acute attention to detail so as to improve technology. Working with genetics and the smallest man-made building blocks in existence is at the core of th

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What are the subjects you will study in a Nanotechnology course ?

Additional Mathematics

Introduction to Computational Methods

Organic Chemistry for Nanotechnology Engineers

Physics for Nanotechnology Engineers

Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

What skills do you need for a course in Nanotechnology?

Most people have goals they want to achieve. But a visionary doesn’t just stop there. They list down anything and everything they need to do to make it work. They understand that to turn a vision into reality, they need to work for it, because hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work.

Eye for detail

A Nanotech engineer is someone who makes things happen efficiently on a massive scale, yet dealing with the smallest forms of matter. Sure, it sound complicated, because it really is. How else could you imagine ever creating and perfecting a Storm Trooper suit that’s meant for battle?

While most of your classmates were bookworms, you, besides being good with books yourself, had a knack for all things creative. You loved analysing objects and machines, thinking about creative ways to improve the designs as well as make it more practical and functional.

Top Universities/Colleges to study
Nanotechnology courses

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Monthly Archives: September 2018

How Mentoring Can Facilitate Acquisition

The immediate aftermath of an acquisition poses a number of major challenges. While many of these challenges relate to integration of systems and structures, the people challenges are often the most difficult and long lasting. In particular: Ensuring that senior level talent does not leave. Headhunters target merger situations, because the uncertainty causes people to […]

Coaching: How Much Should Line Managers Give Direct Reports?


All power supplies have to be equipped with various protections which do not only protect them from failures but also protect the system that is powered by them. Sometimes they are listed on specifications. What do they mean and how exactly does those help improve your LED drivers?

Here some explanation about protection.

OVP (Overvoltage protection)

If the voltages increase above a certain tolerance value on the single lines, the LED driver automatically switches off. Usually, it occurs in output terminal that does not connect well with LED. The failure of a pass transistor could easily put excess voltage on IC’s. With switchers, most failures cause no output at all.

SCP (Short-circuit protection)

In the case of a short-circuit, this feature prevents damage to the core components of the LED driver.

OPP (Overload protection)

If the system is oversized and requires more power from the LED driver than it can perform, this protection function is activated.

OCP (Overcurrent protection)

If the load on a single line is higher than indicated, the LED driver automatically switches off.

OTP (Over Temperature Protection)

When the over-temperature protection (OTP) is present, we usually find a thermistor attached to the secondary heat sink (the fan control unit usually uses a thermistor in the same heat sink). The thermistor informs the protections circuit about the temperature of the heat sink, and if this exceeds a specified threshold, then the output power shuts down. An excessive temperature may be a result of overloading or the cooling fan’s failure, so OTP prevents (further) damage to the LED driver.

How that help improve your LED drivers? They keep your light system safe, also the LED driver. The driver will not be damaged and protects itself. But the safety function is not a safety function. There are some extra components like a MOV to protect the system, and of course, the safety functions must be settled correctly. otherwise, the module is useless. MOONS’ LED drivers integrated with multi-protection above.


Film or book that depicts a character with a psychological…

Choose a relevant film or book that depicts a character with a psychological disorder(s). Provide a brief summary of the the movie, book, or show.…

Choose a relevant film or book that depicts a character with a psychological disorder(s). Provide a brief summary of the the movie, book, or show. ( No more than 1-2 paragraphs) Write about the psychological disorder or disorders you believe they have and give the reasons for your diagnosis. Provide a comprehensive description of the relevant symptoms of the character and biographical information. Discuss how these symptoms meet the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for a particular mental health disorder. Give specific examples from the movie, show, or book in order to support your claims. Identify some of the positive and negative messages that are portrayed in the film/book about the disorder you are discussing. Explain contextual factors in the development of the disorder, such as social/familial, spiritual, emotional, cognitive, work/education level, physical that may have impacted the character. What treatment modalities you would recommend to manage their symptoms.

Sample Solution
The subject of this article is to relate the idea of incorporated water the executives and choice help to a case of my nation, including a case of how choices are really made. About 71% of earth surface is water secured, the sea holds 95% of earth’s water ( yet there isn’t sufficient water in certain pieces of the world. The ascent sought after for good versatile drinking water, water system water, local and mechanical water all came up because of the developing populace particularly in the Africa and Asian landmass (UNDP 2006). Water will keep on being in hope because of some natural concerns like untamed life and amphibian life for recreational purposes. Be that as it may, the hypothesis for hypothesis for incorporated water the executives was rarely new and can be seen in Rahamana and Varis (2005); similarly a solid meaning of IWM was given by specialized warning council of worldwide water association (GWP-TEC 2000) As a procedure which advances the organized improvement and the board of water, land and other related assets so as to expand results financially and social welfare in an evenhanded way without bargaining the supportability and the environments. Besides, in giving satisfactory supplies of good water, precautionary measure ought to be mulled over all together the safeguard hydrological, organic and synthetic exercises of the biological system. Along these lines we can draw a short synopsis of IWM as assembling social financial and ecological issues, including receiving human exercises inside the limit time distinction of nature (Gumbo, B. furthermore, Van der Zaag 2001); just as handling water related infections and coming into terms with change of atmosphere (Wood, S. et al 2000). Nigeria water area will be utilized as a contextual analysis in this article of which I am a resident of the nation by birth. This article will diagram how choice are really made in the board of stream bowl in Nigeria and will perhaps turn out with an answer of how to cure a few territories that are not all around oversaw and an individual ends. 2 The Nigeria Water part Nigeria has around eleven stream bowl improvement specialists, made in 1976, by the Federal Government to saddle the nation’s water assets and streamline the nation’s rural assets. The RBDAs incorporates the Sokoto-Rima bowl, Hadejia-Jamaare bowl, the Lake Chad bowl, upper Benue bowl, lower Benue bowl, the cross stream bowl, Anambra-Imo bowl, the Niger-Delta bowl, Benin-Owena bowl, the Niger bowl and the Oshun-Ogun bowl (Ewash 2009). Nigeria as a country covers 0.924*106 km2 on landmass (Ita, 1994) with four significant waste bowl zones the lower Niger, the lake Chad bowl, the stream bowl of Cross and Imo and the southwestern seepage bowls (Federal service of water assets 2003a, b). Nigeria is honored with water assets, its surface and ground water assets are evaluated at 250*109 m3 (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2001). The yearly precipitation differs from over 4,000mm in the southeast to cry 250mm in the upper east and molded to worldly varieties (Federal Republic of Nigeria 2004), it infers that precipitation is about 1177mm every year. The vast majority of the issues confronting water the board in Nigeria are absence of specialists, particularly in the specialized side. The impassive frame of mind and poor financing appeared in water segment has expanded the low execution which can be seen everywhere throughout the nation. The absence of fitting work power in Nigerian water division has been executed by the presentation of tribalism and quantity framework (FCC 19969); there by sidelining the experts with satisfactory experience. Lamentably this sort of strategy has not yielded wanted outcomes in the division. In this way the requirement for change in system emerges for the genuine bore of individuals to deal with the different plans, without consistent separate of water area that we currently involvement with the nation. Gets to water in certain locales are still low in spite of the enormous accessible water assets in the nation (Federal Republic of Nigeria). The quantity of interest in water division isn’t urging when contrasted with the populace development and fast extension of numerous urban communities. The advancement of dams and water system in the nation are not empowering as the greater part of this dams and lakes work in the past are underutilized while some have been flourished (YallAfrica 2012). 2.1 Concept Capacity Building: The presentation of idea limit building is right now observed as the procedure whereby networks prepared themselves to attempt the elements of the state and administration arrangement in a reasonable way. This procedure is gone for both expanding access to asset and changing the strategies for connection between the gatherings in question. More prominent comprehension is required in the limit building process just as arranging, planning and execution of the exercises required (Groote and van de Molen 2000). The idea also perceived the improvement and procuring of information Water as an asset can’t be over looked, it is significant for the sustenance of living things can generally be acknowledged everywhere throughout the world. Coordinated water the executives requires a straight approach, joining social and financial advancement with safeguarding of regular eco-framework. Powerful administration incorporates land and water clients everywhere throughout the predefined territories or the ground water spring, crisp water asset is a characteristic resource that should be supported and kept up. The standard of IWRM perceives the way that water is required for a wide range of purposes. Along these lines the board must be all encompassing and worried about the interest put on the asset and the risk to its endurance. 2.2 Integrated Approach The realities still remain that water and stream bowl the board and mix requests a blend of data from various control which can be dissected so as to get wanted outcomes. Incorporating and the board of water asset in Nigeria has regularly been seen from the edge of limit as opposed to bowl. This has prompted the underdevelopment of the nation’s water assets and similarly made the administration of such improvement insufficient. Compelling incorporated water the board in Nigeria requires a solid participatory technique in the advancement of the country’s water asset, which is perhaps the best mean to accomplish enduring accord and regular understanding inside the partners (Truffer, B. at el 1998). This strategy includes making mindfulness for significant of good and moderate crisp water among the approach producers and the whole open. Accomplishing this implies most choices would be considered at the least proper classification with full open counsel, arranging and usage of water ventures. Appropriate interest includes all gatherings who depend on specific water the executives and venture choices, albeit significant endeavors have been made to recognize the components that impact coordinated water the executives, which a portion of the appropriate responses are not appended to the approach making (Gooch and Stalnacke 2010b). 3 Implementation of required Strategy Government through its instrument should similarly make an adequate playing level gathering for every one of the gatherings engaged with the administration of water assets just as give an extraordinary thought to the host networks of waterway bowl through preparing and securing program, particularly to the minorities and support ladies strengthening. There is dire requirement for all to take part in the basic leadership including the social gatherings. The board can improved the accomplishment of maintainability and overseeing water in a coordinated economical manner if all the partners’ advantages are being considered. Right now there are part of ways the partners can be associated with the choice and the executives of their current natural issues (Gooch and Huitema 2008). All things considered, understanding the logical methodology in incorporating water asset might be weird to certain gatherings, in view of absence of information concerning the elucidation of logical outcomes. Great and awful water the executives through IWM can be as risky as an issue of life and demise in certain pieces of the nation, this is the motivation behind why most areas or host networks that are influenced by the administration of this significant asset, ought to be exceptionally engaged with the exchanges with regards to the most ideal approach to oversee it. Approaches to include these locales and host networks in the development of projects are using past, present and future situations (Alcamo 2001; shell global 2003). 4 Recommendations It is essential to perceive that people have right to get to spotless and convenient water, through reasonable methods. Water as an item has a worth and the disappointments in incorporated water the board comes therefore that full worth has not been given to the water asset, this has prompted the inefficient and corruption of our eco-framework, there by coming about to ecological disappointment. Accomplishing financial incentive on water is a significant methods for precise basic leadership on the conveyance of water between independent water divisions and various gatherings inside the area. Putting a money related worth or something in return for water can go about as a standard of interest and supply which the continue can be utilized in distancing weakness networks, social gatherings, state or influenced areas just as reinvesting it for nonstop and feasible water 6 supply (ADB 2003). Moreover, financial thought of elective water clients gives leaders a one of a kind manual for speculation needs. Despite the fact that it ought not be the main angle to be considered, social financial objectives also has a fundamental impact in incorporated water asset the board (Pereira, L.S. at el 2002). 5 Conclusions With progressing expanding of Nigerian populace and shaky environmental change has brought about substantial interest for water asset now and later on. Precise methods and approach shou>GET ANSWER Let’s block ads! (Why?)

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Hydraulic pressure and flow relationship

Hydraulic analogy - Wikipedia

hydraulic pressure and flow relationship

The electronic–hydraulic analogy is the most widely used analogy for "electron fluid" in a metal Flow and pressure variables can be calculated in both steady and transient fluid flow A slightly different paradigm is used in acoustics, where acoustic impedance is defined as a relationship between pressure and air speed. To understand the relationship between the pressure drop across a pipeline and the flow rate through that pipeline, we need to go back to one. Of all the concepts that keep parts changers from becoming hydraulic troubleshooters, understanding the difference between pressure and flow is the most.

hydraulic pressure and flow relationship

Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook

If the flow area increases through an expansion or diffuser, the velocity will decrease and result in an increase in the static pressure. If the pipe diameter is constant, the velocity will be constant and there will be no change in pressure due to a change in velocity.

Two paradigms can be used to introduce the concept to students using pressure induced by gravity or by pumps. In the version with pressure induced by gravity, large tanks of water are held up high, or are filled to differing water levels, and the potential energy of the water head is the pressure source. This has the advantage of associating electric potential with gravitational potential. A second paradigm is a completely enclosed version with pumps providing pressure only and no gravity.

This is reminiscent of a circuit diagram with a voltage source shown and the wires actually completing a circuit. This paradigm is further discussed below. Other paradigms highlight the similarities between equations governing the flow of fluid and the flow of charge.

  • Basic Hydraulic Formulas

Flow and pressure variables can be calculated in both steady and transient fluid flow situations with the use of the hydraulic ohm analogy. The pressure and volume flow variables are treated as phasors in this definition, so possess a phase as well as magnitude.

In this paradigm, a large cavity with a hole is analogous to a capacitor that stores compressional energy when the time-dependent pressure deviates from atmospheric pressure. A hole or long tube is analogous to an inductor that stores kinetic energy associated with the flow of air.

hydraulic pressure and flow relationship

Hydraulic analogy with horizontal water flow[ edit ] Voltage, current, and charge[ edit ] Hydraulic pressure difference In general, electric potential is equivalent to hydraulic head.

This model assumes that the water is flowing horizontally, so that the force of gravity can be ignored. In this case electric potential is equivalent to pressure.

Fluids in Motion: Crash Course Physics #15

The voltage or voltage drop or potential difference is a difference in pressure between two points. Electric potential and voltage are usually measured in volts.

Electric current is equivalent to a hydraulic volume flow rate ; that is, the volumetric quantity of flowing water over time.

Usually measured in amperes.

Hydraulic analogy

Electric charge is equivalent to a quantity of water. Basic circuit elements[ edit ] Conducting wire: Node in Kirchhoff's junction rule: A pipe tee filled with flowing water. A relatively wide pipe completely filled with water is equivalent to conducting wire. When comparing to a piece of wire, the pipe should be thought of as having semi-permanent caps on the ends.

The Difference Between Pressure and Flow | GPM HYDRAULIC CONSULTING, INC.

Connecting one end of a wire to a circuit is equivalent to un-capping one end of the pipe and attaching it to another pipe. With few exceptions such as a high-voltage power sourcea wire with only one end attached to a circuit will do nothing; the pipe remains capped on the free end, and thus adds nothing to the circuit.

A resistor is equivalent to a constriction in the bore of the pipe which requires more pressure to pass the same amount of water.

hydraulic pressure and flow relationship

All pipes have some resistance to flow, just as all wires have some resistance to current. A node or junction in Kirchhoff's junction rule is equivalent to a pipe tee. The net flow of water into a piping tee filled with water must equal the net flow out.

The Difference Between Pressure and Flow

Voltage or current source: A dynamic pump with feedback control. A capacitor is equivalent to a tank with one connection at each end and a rubber sheet dividing the tank in two lengthwise [7] a hydraulic accumulator. When water is forced into one pipe, equal water is simultaneously forced out of the other pipe, yet no water can penetrate the rubber diaphragm.

Energy is stored by the stretching of the rubber. As more current flows "through" the capacitor, the back-pressure voltage becomes greater, thus current "leads" voltage in a capacitor. As the back-pressure from the stretched rubber approaches the applied pressure, the current becomes less and less.


COURSE DESCRIPTION A study of the world of the New Testament (Jewish and Greco-Roman backgrounds), basic literary features, and theological significance of Matthew through Acts and the origin of the New Testament canon. A concern for preaching, teaching, and Christian living will guide lectures, discussions and requirements.


Fast Sparse ConvNets

Sep 25, 2019 Withdrawn Submission readers: everyone
  • TL;DR: Sparse MobileNets are faster than Dense ones with the appropriate kernels.
  • Abstract: Historically, the pursuit of efficient inference has been one of the driving forces be-hind the research into new deep learning architectures and building blocks. Some of the recent examples include: the squeeze-and-excitation module of (Hu et al.,2018), depthwise separable convolutions in Xception (Chollet, 2017), and the inverted bottleneck in MobileNet v2 (Sandler et al., 2018). Notably, in all of these cases, the resulting building blocks enabled not only higher efficiency, but also higher accuracy, and found wide adoption in the field. In this work, we further expand the arsenal of efficient building blocks for neural network architectures; but instead of combining standard primitives (such as convolution), we advocate for the replacement of these dense primitives with their sparse counterparts. While the idea of using sparsity to decrease the parameter count is not new (Mozer & Smolensky, 1989), the conventional wisdom is that this reduction in theoretical FLOPs does not translate into real-world efficiency gains. We aim to correct this misconception by introducing a family of efficient sparse kernels for several hardware platforms, which we plan to open-source for the benefit of the community. Equipped with our efficient implementation of sparse primitives, we show that sparse versions of MobileNet v1 and MobileNet v2 architectures substantially outperform strong dense baselines on the efficiency-accuracy curve. On Snapdragon 835 our sparse networks outperform their dense equivalents by 1.1−2.2x – equivalent to approximately one entire generation of improvement. We hope that our findings will facilitate wider adoption of sparsity as a tool for creating efficient and accurate deep learning architectures.
  • Keywords: Sparsity, Vision, CNNs, ConvNets, Inference, Mobile, Kernels
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pick and pack

Picking and packing is a vital element of e-commerce order fulfilment services that intends to enhance the shipping and delivery of a product. The method is typically used in the retail industry, where instead of shipping large pallets of…


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Why fight nature by picking on yourself

So what can we do to feel better about ourselves? Well, one thing we can look and see what is there upon ourselves that were not appreciating? What is there about ourselves were not accepting and allowing to be, to happen? What's interfering with our being? What's stopping us for being the best that we can be and allowing us join our true nature with nature that's our goal, that's the trees goal, that's the garden, that's a natures way and why fight nature by picking on yourself one of our great scientist said you should treat your, you should treat our ego with such beautiful respect and dignity and high regard so that it will allow us to be free and as I record this just allow yourself to let go and be what you intended to be thank you.

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Considering the nature of silence

Much of communication focuses on expressive aspects of verbal and non-verbal communication. However, “silence” also plays an important role. This article helps you to consider the role and meaning of ‘silent zones.’

After you read this article (please download) by Chronemics and Silence studies pioneer, Tom Bruneau, we urge you to involve yourself in the following communication competition: Sorry, “NO TALKING ALLOWED! ”

Rethink your daily “communication” patterns and the role that “silence” plays in them. If you only have a few silent moments daily, consider what places, events, or rituals require silence and why? What does silence mean in each of these?

As you think about this important dimension of communication, please feel free to engage in discussion with others in the comments section. Don’t forget to click ‘like’ on the posts that you find particularly insightful, and to explain why!

Further resources:

Share this article:

This article is from the free online course:

Intercultural Communication

Shanghai International Studies University (SISU)


Digital Repository

Fontanilla, Creo que lo major es bscar en otra parte.../I think we should look somewhere else..., 1965

With a growing population of Cuban refugees in the U.S., housing opportunities throughout Florida became scarce in the 1950s and 60s. A 1965 cartoon by Silvio Fontanila, published in Oportunidades, depicts the difficulties experienced by Cubans escaping Fidel Castro’s communist regime as major Florida cities became overcrowded.

Cuban Refugee Center Records, Cuban Heritage Collection, University of Miami Libraries.


Slow Life (Personal Development)

Spiritual Time

Slow Life of @spiritualwoman

Practical guide for a true change of life.  In this book you will find reflections and proposals whose objective is to help to configure your own slow life.

You wonder if the path you arrive is the right one? If it is possible to get out of this materialism that is drowning us? Do you feel that there are too many gaps in your life? Do you think you are going too fast and without the possibility of stepping on the brake?

You have in your hands the possibility of turning your life around and reprogramming your course.

* Spanish language.

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Living an optimal lifestyle through higher consciousness

 As a transformation expert, #1 bestselling author, speaker, and energy practitioner, Nancy Clairmont Carr empowers achievers to live a higher consciousness lifestyle, guided by intuition and infinite intelligence. Living in a higher vibratory state allows individuals to optimize all areas of their life and create the future they desire.

With a diverse background in corporate and entrepreneurial business, along with expertise in marketing, health coaching and energy healing, Nancy founded “The Joy-Effect”.  She provides transformation coaching for conscious leaders and influencers who want optimized growth in business and life. Nancy's gift is creating joy, abundance, and freedom for individuals.

Nancy accelerates growth and transformation by aligning body, mind, emotions, and removing obstacles including fear, negative energy patterns, and limiting beliefs. She increases consciousness and develops higher brain thinking by re-patterning the brain's neural pathways and intuitive connection. These proven strategies provide access to optimal solutions and self-expression.

Over the last 20 years Nancy has helped individuals achieve significant health, business, relationship and spiritual goals. She now focuses on supporting conscious business owners, leaders and influencers interested in optimizing their business, life and impact through purpose.

 Nancy is genuinely interested in helping people. She helped me understand what and how to change to achieve my goals and be more balanced professionally, emotionally and physically…I can count on Nancy for total solutions.” Aurelie Spirito, Business Owner, Lila Buffet Styling

picture of the sun rays on the trees demonstrating stress reduction and energy

Her Story

After many years of living a very stressful lifestyle, Nancy left the corporate world to become more aligned with her purpose and create a more integrated, balanced lifestyle. Through her work with health coaching, energy medicine and spiritual development she found a way to continuously optimize all energy centers and contribute at a higher level and experience more joy, abundance and freedom.

There has been a long-term societal belief that maintaining a singular focus over a long term period is required to create the success you desire, at the exclusion of enjoying creative endeavors for a more enjoyable life. Nancy has discovered the opposite is true. Incorporating strategies that increase body, mind and spirit health on a consistent basis creates an optimized life.  One which provides the highest level of impact, access to the most optimal solutions available and a supreme level of joy. These strategies are incorporated into her coaching, along with high performance business and energy sustaining principles.


The extreme cold that has swept across Europe has meant that the snow conditions are very good at the moment.

With the school holidays looming, there are still a few weeks left to benefit from some great skiing before things get busy.

There are excellent ski-ing conditions in all the Tarentaise ski resorts.  Our staff and clients have given us positive feedback for Val d’Isère, Val Thorens, Tignes, La Plagne, Meribel, Courchevel and Les Arcs.

There are some great offers to be had and of course we can provide you with the transfers!


by EG McPherson, JR Simpson, M Livingston

Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 2:73-86

Trees planted strategically to shade buildings can reduce energy use for cooling and heating. To determine the energy savings from existing trees and from sites where trees could be planted to shade buildings, aerial imagery from 21 California cities was analyzed. For each city, at least 3,495 sample points were randomly chosen and identified as to land use type, presence of tree, presence of suitable planting space for a tree (i.e., presence of a pervious surface), and distance and direction from tree site to nearest building. This information was extrapolated from the individual city to represent all urban areas of that city’s climate region. The results indicate there are approximately 177 million energy-saving trees in California, reducing energy use by 2.5% overall and by 10% at peak energy times. There are estimated to be another 242 million sites for energy-saving trees. If 50 million of these were planted, the result would be an additional 1.1% energy saved overall and 4.5% reduction in peak load demand. If total planting and maintenance costs average $50/tree, the energy savings involved would be well within the range considered cost-effective.

Region: California, Oregon, Washington
Publication Type: Journal article
Keywords: aerial and satellite imagery, benefit-cost analysis, computer modeling, energy conservation, shade trees, tree planting initiative, and urban forestry


Click here to win prizes by solving the puzzle Advent calendar.
Click here to win prizes by solving the puzzle Advent calendar.

22 December

Today's number is a palindrome. Today's number is also the number of palindromes between 111 and 11111 (including 111 and 11111).

14 December

What is the only palindromic three digit prime number which is also palindromic when written in binary?

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Sunday Afternoon Maths LXVII

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Advent calendar 2018

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pascal's triangle grids differentiation speed square numbers star numbers shape ellipses 3d shapes polygons parabolas shapes hexagons lines factors proportion squares percentages symmetry geometry factorials cube numbers mean rectangles averages prime numbers arrows remainders 2d shapes volume probabilty sequences division probability scales money crosswords cryptic clues wordplay quadratics unit fractions means sums cards perimeter colouring sport time algebra logic odd numbers functions books area trigonometry coins folding tube maps number chocolate digits dice clocks planes doubling multiples floors games addition palindromes multiplication crossnumbers sum to infinity dodecagons circles calculus irreducible numbers fractions indices rugby people maths graphs taxicab geometry advent regular shapes perfect numbers partitions square roots routes numbers chalkdust crossnumber triangle numbers angles christmas triangles surds complex numbers ave balancing chess integers spheres cryptic crossnumbers integration coordinates bases dates menace

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    What is the main cause of pollution in Orissa?

    Orissa is also a polluted state. What are the main cause behind pollution in Orissa and causes pollution on Bhubhaneswar?
  • #813
    The main cause of pollution in Orissa is due to more use of Plastic. It has been seen not only at Bhubaneswar but also many parts of our state, where due to pollution, number of dolphins and olive ridle tortoise were dying every year. It should be stopped by awareness only. We should get together and work with NGOs to clean this.


EAP 6.4 & WebSockets with web server

Latest response

Hello, I already tried to ask about this here but since I haven't received any satisfactory response so far, I'm trying it here as well:

Based on:
- 16.2. Create a WebSocket Application
- Does JBoss EAP support the use of WebSockets?
- JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (EAP) 6 Supported Configurations - Red Hat Customer Portal
- Does Red Hat / JBoss offer support for Apache, mod_jk, mod_proxy, or mod_cluster? - Red Hat Customer Portal (by the way why does this one mention mod_proxy as supported when the Supported Configurations document above doesn't mention mod_proxy at all?)
- 4. Unsupported and Deprecated Features
- Add support of websocket proxying. · modcluster/mod_cluster@e801c55 · GitHub
- Make the websocket proxy switchable. · modcluster/mod_cluster@f1f68c5 · GitHub

It seems that:
- EAP 6.4 itself supports WebSockets
- supported web server connectors mod_cluster 1.2.11 / mod_jk 1.2.40 don't support WebSockets
- mod_cluster 1.3.1 supports WebSockets (without failover) via Apache HTTP Server 2.4.x mod_proxy_wstunnel but this configuration isn't supported by EAP 6.4
- Apache HTTP Server 2.4.x mod_proxy_wstunnel alone (well, typically combined with mod_proxy_http + mod_proxy_balancer) supports WebSockets but this configuration isn't supported by EAP 6.4

How is one supposed to achieve a supported configuration with web server and WebSockets?

Hi Petr

I did see your question on the community forums but I didn't get much more information to update you unfortunately at the time. What I've done is reached out to our engineers in this area who are discussing this with product management. We appreciate your research in to the supported configurations, at the moment it looks like you are right and this isn't supported.

Like I said, our product team will be in touch as soon as they have more information regarding your question and be able to provide much more information.

Hello again,

I'd like to apologize for the lull in my responsiveness. I just wanted to drop by and make a statement as I've had conversations around this post in support cases with a few individuals.

JWS 3.x is not presently supported as a proxy to EAP. It may work, but we haven't tested it at this time and therefore can't support it's use. We are working on testing this and will be supporting JWS as a proxy to EAP in a later 3.x release. Please reply with any questions; I'd be happy to answer them, hopefully a bit quicker than this reply

According to the latest update in https://access.redhat.com/articles/2026253, websocket is supported in the combination of mod_cluster 1.3.1.Final + EAP 6.4. Also, there's someone verified the function of loadbalancing WebSocket connection with modcluster: https://developer.jboss.org/thread/260794 (last comment of the thread)

That article (https://access.redhat.com/articles/2026253) is for EAP 7 only.

For EAP 6 is this one: https://access.redhat.com/articles/111663

And it says that requires EAP 6.4.4 and above to use mod_cluster 1.3.1.Final or 1.3.5.Final. Although, that page is not like the EAP 7 one that says it works with WebSocket protocol.

Am I right?

And it's rather interesting that:

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/47442 (which is supposed to cover information for EAP 6 & 7 as well) claims: WebSockets are not currently supported with mod_cluster

https://access.redhat.com/articles/2026253 (for EAP 7) covers the mod_cluster 1.3.5 & WebSockets as supported (well, actually it's claimed as tested) configuration

That's quite confusing regarding how to look at the mod_cluster 1.3.1/1.3.5 support in EAP 6.4.4 - whether this means that one can assume WebSockets are supported in EAP 6.4.4 with mod_cluster 1.3.1/1.3.5 as well.

Hello Petr,

It's true that Websocket should work with mod_cluster 1.3.1/1.3.5 but there's a bug: JBCS-291

It is related to JBCS and mod_clsuter. Look at the comments and you can follow it to receive any news about it.

Later we will look at the solutions and articles described here and update with that information to avoid misunderstandings.

Arthur Ferreira

I have experience in the same environment.

Apache HTTPD + mod_cluster or mod_jk + JBoss EAP 6.x / 7.x

I have used websocket in the above environment.

In conclusion, it is impossible to use websocket in this configuration.

To enable it, the websocket url must use wstunnel separately.

I solved the problem with wstunnel without using mod_cluster and mod_jk as shown below.

# This file configures all the proxy modules:
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_hcheck_module modules/mod_proxy_hcheck.so

# Websocket connection
<Proxy balancer://TEST_WS>
    BalancerMember ws:// route=node11 timeout=3 retry=30
    BalancerMember ws:// route=node21 timeout=3 retry=30
    ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid lbmethod=byrequests failontimeout=on

# AJP connection
<Proxy balancer://TEST_AJP>
    BalancerMember ajp:// route=node11 timeout=3 retry=30
    BalancerMember ajp:// route=node21 timeout=3 retry=30
    ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid lbmethod=byrequests failontimeout=on

# HTTP connection
<Proxy balancer://TEST_HTTP>
    BalancerMember route=node11 timeout=3 retry=30
    BalancerMember route=node21 timeout=3 retry=30
    ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid lbmethod=byrequests failontimeout=on

RewriteEngine On

# WebSocket request process
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Connection} upgrade [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Upgrade} websocket [NC]
RewriteRule /jboss-websocket-hello/(.*)               balancer://TEST_WS/jboss-websocket-hello/$1 [P,L]

# HTTP request process
ProxyPass /jboss-websocket-hello balancer://TEST_AJP/jboss-websocket-hello

Also, when using wstunnel, it is not recommended to use it with mod_cluster or mod_jk. In my experience, I remember that there was a problem in part.

Yes I know it works that way (actually I wrote it into the original question and repeated it in the discussion https://developer.jboss.org/thread/260794 a long time ago that it does), however this question was mainly directing at the supportability. The thing is that the "supported configurations" article https://access.redhat.com/articles/111663 basically mentions only mod_cluster and mod_jk as supported web server reverse proxy modules and thus the use of mod_proxy (+ mod_proxy_wstunnel) doesn't seem to fall into the "supported" configuration.

Now it seems that with EAP 6.4.4+ the mod_cluster 1.3.1 (the minimum version required for WebSockets support) is supported (also 1.3.5 is), however the WebSockets still don't seem to be supported with this module (probably because of the mentioned https://issues.jboss.org/browse/JBCS-291 )


The flash briefing skill submission process provides the steps to submit descriptive information about your skill and configure one or more feeds for each skill. You can then test your skill in your Alexa-enabled device and provide additional information about how you handle customer data and privacy. Once you've provided this information, you can submit your flash briefing skill for certification and use by customers.
The next step in our Alexa flash briefing tutorial is to set up an Alexa skill for delivering the briefing. First, visit the Amazon Developer Console to create a new skill. Begin by giving it a name, then click “next.” You’ll be offered a selection of Alexa skill models to choose from. Select “flash briefing” from the list, then you’ll be met with a series of Alexa flash briefing options.
Like all AI devices that use National Language Processing or NLP, Alexa does not understand all voices easily. But she learns to understand her people over time. She does, however, require people to speak in simple terms, with appropriate pauses, and use specific word orders. There are many times when she will say "I'm sorry, I don't know the answer to that question." More than likely, she doesn't recognize a word order or misunderstood the question.


Paris Summit: Russia-Ukraine agree to cease fire

At a Paris Summit mediated by Germany and France, Russia and Ukraine agreed to restore peace by implementing cease fire. Both the countries also agreed on prisoner exchanges.

On December 9, 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin and the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky agreed to cease fire in the eastern Ukraine by the end of 2019. The countries also pledged to disengage military forces in the other three additional regions of Ukraine by the end of March 2020.

During the meet, the issue of Russian gas exports through the Ukraine border have been fixed. However, the countries still disagree on certain issues like withdrawl of Russia-back troops, elections to be held by the separatist rebels in areas of Ukraine.

The Deadly Conflict

In 2014, Russia annexed the Crimea peninsula of Ukraine with the help of pro-Russian separatists. Following this, Russia conducted several military actions. Crimea Peninsula is located in the north of Black sea. The Peninsula is important as it had port access to the Black sea. In 2018, Russian Navy seized three Ukrainian ships in the Crimea Peninsula. In 2019, Zelensky won Presidential elections. Zelensky is the major competitor to the Russia supported leader Viktor Yanukovych.

India & Australia hold third 2+2 dialogue in New Delhi

The third India-Australia Secretary-level 2+2 dialogue was held on 9 December 2019 in New Delhi. The Indian side was led by Defense Secretary Ajay Kumar and Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale, while its counterpart delegation was led by Australia’s Defense Secretary Greg Moriarty and Foreign Secretary Frances Adamson.

Ahead of 3rd 2+2 dialogue, the two defense secretaries of India & Australia held a bilateral meeting. The Indian defense secretary expressed satisfaction on ongoing defense engagements between armed forces of two countries, and conveyed India’s commitment to further enhance defense cooperation with Australia, both in scope and complexity.

Highlights: India-Australia 2+2 dialogue

Both the sides discusses issues related to bilateral defense engagements, areas towards enhancing cooperation in field of defense industry/ defense technology as well as prevailing regional security concerns.

This year’s edition of 2+2 dialogue, assumes additional significance as they come months after India, Australia, Japan and United States (US) decided to upgrade their interactions in ‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue’ (Quad) format to ministerial level in September 2019. All aspects of bilateral relations will be reviewed, with the focus on security and strategic relations.

The main focus of 2+2 dialogue will be on bilateral outcomes for Australia’s Prime Minister Scott Morrison’s visit in January 2020. Morrison is visiting India at invitation of his counterpart Prime Minister Narendra Modi and will deliver the inaugural address at Raisina Dialogue.

India’s 2+2 Mechanism

India has put in place 2+2 dialogues, either at level of officials or ministers, with several key partners, including Japan and the US. The maiden India-Japan 2+2 ministerial dialogue, was also held in New Delhi. India and US are expected to hold their ministerial 2+2 dialogue in Washington, US on 18 December.


World War I: the Home Front and Abroad

Home Education Unit Plans World War I: the Home Front and Abroad

World War I: the Home Front and Abroad

The United States was reluctant to join the “Great War,” or World War I, due in part to its belief that this was a European conflict, as well as resistance from many German immigrants in the United States. After several years of neutrality, the United States joined the war in April, 1917, on the side of the Allied Powers. However, in order to become involved, we first needed to bolster our military recruitment, war industry, and, most importantly, support from citizens. This unit examines propaganda posters and photographs, letters the Gibbon children wrote their father serving in France, and a collection of plane reconnaissance information and photographs by Captain Stephen H. Noyes. These primary sources portray the war effort on the homefront as well as on the front lines. The unique perspective portrayed in each of the lessons will provide students with a well-rounded look into one of the deadliest eras of our history.

20th century
World War I

Big Ideas

Perspective on Events

Essential Questions

What does it mean to be a United States citizen, and what is your role in the history of the world?

End of Unit Assessment

After completing the two lessons, have students answer the following:

  • In what ways were Americans on the homefront called to join in the war effort during World War I? In what ways did the Gibbon children answer that call?
  • Which organizations aided the United States during World War I, and in what ways? How did these organizations specifically seek help from citizens on the homefront?
  • In what ways were youth invloved in the war effort? How do you think that youth would be involved if war were to break out today?
  • How did aviation technology change the course of the war?
  • In what ways did United States society change over the course of World War I? Which of these changes do you think were positive or negative, and why?


Hardwood floors can last a long time, but eventually they need to be replaced. Luckily, it's a pretty straightforward process! Use a circular saw to cut the old hardwood into pieces, then remove the old flooring. Prepare your subflooring so that it's clean and perfectly level. After that, choose your replacement flooring and follow the process for installing that particular type of hardwood!

The age of your floor also plays a role. If your floor has been in place for decades, it may resist refinishing for a number of reasons. For instance, if it has already been refinished several times or if too much of the surface wood has become exposed, refinishing your floor may have little effect. For very old floors, replacement can often be preferable to refinishing. Denver Hardwood Floor
First, most people are unable to successfully refinish the floors themselves. It takes a lot of experience to refinish properly. Most people can’t get it smooth/even and also don’t realize that you need to sand them 3 times before putting the stain on. It’s even harder to do it right if they are pine or maple floors (and if they are, they require conditioner before stain is applied). Also, once the floors have been sanded unevenly by a non-professonal, it’s even harder to correct due to the waves usually created by the non-professional. Denver Hardwood Floor Install
My advice is to bring in a professional to make sure the floors can be refinished (i.e. if there is still enough room/if you didn’t permanently damage the wood), and if so, have them refinish them rather than replace them – that will be much less expensive. I don’t know where you live and the going rates, but in our area, it’s prob. the price is prob. $1-2 lower…but that may be par for your area. Call in 2-3 people to see. I would check Angie’s List (angieslist.com) for some good local people in your area. Denver Hardwood Flooring

With the extensive number of wood flooring options available, ranging from traditional hardwood to engineered hardwood floors, you must do your research to find the right option for your home. Additionally, installation can be a big job and it’s one that most homeowners need to hire professionals to complete. Use this cost guide to get a better understanding of the various expenses associated with installing hardwood floors in your home. Denver Hardwood Flooring

Measure rooms one at a time. It’s easiest to measure rectangles, so if you have an “L-shaped” room, divide it into 2 rectangles and measure them separately. The length of the rectangle multiplied by the width equals the square footage. For example, a room, or section of a room, that is 20 feet long and 12 feet wide produces this formula: 20 x 12 = 240 square feet. If the flooring you are purchasing is sold by the yard, divide the square feet by 9. So, 240 square feet / 9 = 26.667 square yards. Denver Hardwood Floor

A hardwood flooring installation takes time, precision, and know-how to get it right. Even for experienced DIYers, hardwood installations can be challenging. A lot depends on your ability to take the time to learn what you need to know to properly install a hardwood floor, so that it will look and perform beautifully. If you've never installed hardwood you will find it worthwhile to hire a professional installer.

Engineered wood flooring consists of two or more layers of wood adhered together to form a plank. Typically, engineered wood flooring uses a thin layer (lamella) of a more expensive wood bonded to a core constructed from cheaper wood. The increased stability of engineered wood is achieved by running each layer at a 90° angle to the layer above. This stability makes it a universal product that can be installed over all types of subfloors above, below or on grade. Engineered wood is the most common type of wood flooring in Europe and has been growing in popularity in North America[4]. Denver Hardwood Flooring
Because tongue-and-groove boards are locked in place, removal involves cutting out the middle of each damaged board. The easiest way is to bore a 1-in.-dia. hole through both ends of each damaged board (photo 1). Then use a circular saw to connect the two holes (photo 2). Follow these steps to safely make the plunge cuts you need to repair your hardwood floors: 1. Adjust the depth of cut to the thickness of the floorboards. Plug in the saw and put on eye protection. 2. Pull back the retractable blade guard with your thumb. Then hold the nose of the baseplate on the floorboard and lift up the rear of the saw. 3. Align the blade with the right edge of one of the holes. Make sure the blade isn't touching the floor, then squeeze the trigger and slowly lower the spinning blade into the board. 4. Grip the saw firmly with both hands and guide it in a straight line until you cut into the right edge of the hole at the opposite end of the board. 5. Move back to the first hole, align the blade with the left edge and cut to the left edge of the second hole. Pry out the middle section with a hammer and chisel. Chop out the remaining edges, being careful not to damage any surrounding boards (photo 3). The "tongue" piece will be nailed in place, so break it out in small pieces. Then pull out the nails with a hammer or locking pliers. The existing floorboards have a tongue and groove milled on each end and along the edges. Chop off the tongue exposed by the board you just removed so you can slip in the new board (photo 4).
Local Retailers: Local home improvement stores often carry a number of engineered wood flooring products in stock. Additionally, local flooring stores can provide samples that let you see how the color and style of the engineered floor will look in your home. Either option may offer you an on-site estimate to give you a better idea about what your project could cost.
Although many people speak about hardwood floors as a single building material, it’s important to understand that they can be made from dozens of different tree varieties, and each has a different color, price and durability. Here are a few of the most popular hardwood flooring options, along with some unique characteristics of each and average pricing:
If you’re thinking about redoing your hardwood floor, you might envision a refreshed look to your kitchen or hallway. You can picture your friends coming to your home for your next party and admiring your new floor, but you may find something standing in the way — you have no idea which type of hardwood flooring to get. With some research on your end, you can save yourself time and money. Let’s explore the features of some popular hardwood flooring types. Denver Hardwood Floor
No matter what type of hardwood flooring you choose, proper care and maintenance will help them look beautiful even longer. First off, don’t let the dirt and dust collect. At least once a week, you’ll want to go over your hardwood floors with a broom or dust mop to pick up any dirt, dust, hair or pet dander. If you’re using a vacuum, make sure it’s set to ‘wood floors’ so that you’re not beating up your floors and damaging them in the process. Denver Hardwood Flooring
If your floors are in need of a deeper cleaning, use a wood floor cleaner. Follow the instructions for diluting the cleaner in water. Clean the floors with a damp mop, going with the grain. Then, go back over the floor with a clean, damp mop to remove any excess cleaner. Finish by drying the floor completely with a dry towel. Remember, leftover standing water could damage your wood floors. Hardwood Floor
With their increased durability and moisture resistance, engineered wood floors are a better option than traditional hardwoods if you have pets or spill-prone kids. Additionally, you can install engineered wood flooring in places that hardwoods typically can't go, including basements, kitchens and summer homes in high-humidity climates. This type of flooring is available in a variety of widths, colors and styles, including glue-down and floating floors. Hardwood Floor


preparedness - транскрипция, произношение и перевод онлайн

Транскрипция и произношение слова "preparedness" в британском и американском вариантах. Подробный перевод и примеры.

preparedness / готовность, подготовленность
имя существительное
readiness, alacrity, willingness, preparedness, trim, promptitude
preparedness, readiness, qualification, efficiency
имя существительное
a state of readiness, especially for war.
the country maintained a high level of military preparedness
Goodwill, cooperation and preparedness to be open and accountable always achieve much better outcomes.
Meanwhile the leadership's support of military preparedness discomfited pacifists.
The rugby match was deadly serious, played out by two teams at a peak of preparedness , driven by uninhibited ambition.
A good level of preparedness can be achieved by spending time and money on a thorough business valuation.
Now, certainly no one is advocating panic but they are advocating preparedness .
Will contractors have to agree to inspections that evaluate this same level of preparedness ?
Patriotic organizations advocating military preparedness found new listeners.
This was part of a half-yearly exercise to assess the level of preparedness of the agencies concerned in meeting an oil spill.
People now accept that a minimum level of preparedness is crucial to tackle a military contingency.
And the reality is that building the kind of preparedness that we need is an ongoing process.


An analysis of the topic of the fifty year span during the 1870s and 1920s of the united states of a

Their complexity and variety are testimony to a conflict whose causes and meaning still defy conclusive analysis. Some broad contours of development can be traced in the elegies and monuments erected by local communities, however.

In previous depressions, such as those of the s and s, real per capita gross domestic product GDP —the sum of all goods and services produced, weighted by market prices and adjusted for inflation—had returned to its original level within five years.

Economic activity began to decline in the summer ofand by real GDP fell more than 25 percent, erasing all of the economic growth of the previous quarter century. Industrial production was especially hard hit, falling some 50 percent. By comparison, industrial production had fallen 7 percent in the s and 13 percent in the s.

From the depths of depression inthe economy recovered until This expansion was followed by a brief but severe recession, and then another period of economic growth.

It was not until the s that previous levels of output were surpassed. This led some to wonder how long the depression would have continued without the advent of World War II.

In the absence of government statistics, scholars have had to estimate unemployment rates for the s. The sharp drop in GDP and the anecdotal evidence of millions of people standing in soup lines or wandering the land as hoboes suggest that these rates were unusually high. It is widely accepted that the unemployment rate peaked above 25 percent in and remained above 14 percent into the s.

Yet these figures may underestimate the true hardship of the times: Likewise, those who moved from the cities to the countryside in order to feed their families would not have been counted.

Even those who had jobs tended to see their hours of work fall: The banking system witnessed a number of "panics" during which depositors rushed to take their money out of banks rumored to be in trouble.

Many banks failed under this pressure, while others were forced to merge: While the Great Depression affected some sectors of the economy more than others, and thus some regions of the country more than others, all sectors and regions experienced a serious decline in output and a sharp rise in unemployment.

The hardship of unemployment, though concentrated in the working class, affected millions in the middle class as well. Farmers suffered too, as the average price of their output fell by half whereas the aggregate price level fell by only a third. The Great Depression followed almost a decade of spectacular economic growth.

Between andoutput per worker grew about 5. Unemployment and inflation were both very low throughout this period as well. One troublesome characteristic of the s, however, was that income distribution became significantly less equal.

Also, a boom in housing construction, associated in part with an automobile-induced rush to the suburbs, collapsed in the late s. And automakers themselves worried throughout the late s that they had saturated their market fighting for market share; auto sales began to slide in the spring of Technological advances in production processes notably electrification, the assembly lineand continuous processing of homogenous goods such as chemicals were largely responsible for the advances in productivity in the s.

These advances induced the vast bulk of firms to invest in new plants and equipment In the early s, there were also innovative new products, such as radio, but the decade after was the worst in the twentieth century for new product innovation.

Causes of the Great Depression In the standard economic theory suggested that a calamity such as the Great Depression could not happen: For example, high levels of unemployment should put downward pressure on wages, thereby encouraging firms to increase employment.

Before the Great Depression, most economists urged governments to concentrate on maintaining a balanced budget. Since tax receipts inevitably fell during a downturn, governments often increased tax rates and reduced spending.

By taking money out of the economy, such policies tended to accelerate the downturn, though the effect was likely small. As the depression continued, many economists advised the federal government to increase spending, in order to provide employment. Economists also searched for theoretical justifications for such policies.

Some thought the depression was caused by overproduction: These analysts often attributed overproduction to the increased disparity in income that developed in the s, for the poor spend a greater percentage of their income than do the rich.

Others worried about a drop in the number of profitable investment opportunities. Often, these arguments were couched in apocalyptic terms: Others, notably Joseph Schumpeter, pointed the finger at technology and suggested that the Great Depression reflected the failure of entrepreneurs to bring forth new products.

He felt the depression was only temporary and a recovery would eventually occur.Initially neutral during World War I, the United States declared war on Germany in and funded the Allied victory the following year. Women obtained the right to vote in , with Native Americans obtaining citizenship and the right to vote in Consequently, the list of countries that has overtaken the United States with respect to life expectancy at birth has been growing, and the gap between the United States and the countries with the highest achieved life expectancies has been widening (see Figures and ).

Statistical Abstract of the United States | FRASER | St. Louis Fed

High School United States History November - December Featured Standards and Benchmarks This document is intended to provide teachers with information and resources to support the teaching and learning of high school.

During this period, the United States set up a national quota system through the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which passed over the veto of President Truman. The New Woman and the Politics of the s Lynn Dumenil T in-depth analysis, however, that includes changes in the family and sexual mores, women’s “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” Under the leadership of.

After the Great Depression the United States experienced a number of recessions, but all were shorter and less severe. There were also financial crises. For example, on Monday, October 19, , the stock market fell by nearly 23 percent.

History of the United States - Wikipedia


Cycling workout: tips and tricks to avoid pedalling’s commonest mistakes

Whether you do it to go somewhere, to escape from reality or to hear the wind whistling between your ears, riding a bike and often evokes great emotions. From the first ride on a wheeled bike to the mistakes that inevitably made us fall ruinously, up to the climb that we used to go down from a young age pedalling as much as I can, cycling is really a congenital skill in us. So much that we associate it with something that we learn and never forget, regardless of the period of inactivity.

This is because pedalling is a simple, repetitive, immediate movement. An athletic gesture of a disarming spontaneity, which can be performed even by the laziest couch potato.

Yet, this does not mean no technique requires a specific cycling workout, or that the simplicity of movement does not hide a motor complexity to examine, investigate and improve. In this article, we try to explain how this movement is composed, what benefits can emerge from a correct pedalling and what advice can be followed to improve both style and efficiency of pedalling.

Down to the pedalling phases

Down to the pedalling phases

As previously said, pedalling is a complex, yet very natural, movement. In it, muscles, joints and mechanical components act in symbiosis to allow the bike to move. After a careful analysis of the construction of the movement, it can be seen that the pedalling is composed of various levers and fulcrums that act in unison. The first lever is the thigh, whose fulcrum is in the pelvis, which, thanks to the larger muscles of the entire body, can release the necessary power.

The second lever is the tibia, with the fulcrum formed by the kneecap, which transmits the power it generates to the foot. Finally, there is the last lever, the pedal, which transmits the energy from the foot to the crankset, thus putting it in rotation and allowing it to pull the chain.

The whole work of the leg muscles is called the kinetic chain, while the transmission of energy from the pedal to the chain and the rear wheel is described as a kinematic chain. The combination of these two types of work (human and mechanical) gives life to the pedal stroke, which we can break down to four distinct phases.

These four phases are: one of Thrust, one of Traction and two of Transition.

In the thrust phase, most of the force released is transmitted to the pedal. In this phase, 65% of the cyclist’s muscular power is discharged. A tip for increasing pedalling efficiency is to keep the pedal horizontal for the duration of this phase; this is only possible by carefully adjusting the position of the saddle.

In the transition phases, you switch from pushing to pulling and vice versa. The pedal tilts forward ready for the traction phase. In these phases, the maximum extension and contraction of the leg take place, made possible both by adequate saddle height and by muscular flexibility capable of supporting its action. The energy used in this phase is 12% (from thrust to traction) and 6% (from traction to thrust) of the total, respectively.

In the traction phase (although it is better to talk about dynamic ascent), while one foot is pulling on the pedal, the other is “pushing” on the pedal, thus allowing the opposite pedal to rise.

The power used is 17% of the total, just a little higher than the first transition phase. The pedal tilts even further forward until it reaches 30° with the ground. Here the work of the calf, which has the task of extending the foot in the three phases analysed, ends. During the dynamic ascent, the upper part of the shoe deforms due to the efforts in progress. Therefore, the lower the rigidity of the shoe itself, the greater the dispersion of energy.

Learning to pedal well through a high-intensity cycling workout

Learning to pedal well through a high-intensity cycling workout

That said, is it possible to learn to pedal well, avoiding complications to joints and muscles? Although pedalling is an extremely natural movement, that doesn’t mean that a cycling workout is not required to refine the movement, nor that some tips and tricks can be followed to improve your efficiency dramatically.

Correct height and positioning of the saddle

Correct height and positioning of the saddle

The height of the saddle allows the foot to maintain a correct position for the duration of the pedal stroke. It also influences the stability of the pelvis, and consequently complications in the lumbar area. As far as positioning is concerned, the value of the saddle retraction directly affects the cyclist’s aerodynamics, the work of the lumbar muscles and the biomechanics of pedalling, since it affects the work of the agonist and antagonist muscles of the thigh.

In this regard, having measuring instruments capable of correcting movement while pedalling can save a lot of time and lead to a more effective cycling workout. Thanks to its PEDAL PRINTING technology, SKILLBIKE offers continuous visual feedback on the roundness and symmetry of the pedal stroke for each different ratio, thus increasing your efficiency. This feat is particularly important when you’re in the middle of a Skillathletic class, so that you can achieve top quality cycling workout even in hectic HIIT workouts.

Foot positioning

Foot positioning

The foot must maintain a correct angle and position on the pedal throughout the movement of the pedal stroke. In fact, it is a common problem to pedal with the foot too far back or too far forward, with the heel resting on the pedal. This type of pedalling involves physical problems, with bone and muscle inflammation. In the same way, keeping the pedal at the correct angle allows effective pedalling, without inflammation of the joints, tendons and muscles of the knee, leg and ankle.

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Muscle flexibility

Muscle flexibility

Muscle flexibility is essential for improving sports performance and the well-being of the muscle groups under stress. To avoid an incorrect posture and muscle pain, it is always necessary to do stretching and yoga exercises, stretch the muscles and improve their elasticity.

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Improve, improve and improve

Improve, improve and improve

Finally, no matter how trivial it may sound, doing a well-defined and targeted cycling workout is the best way to practice for cycling, both indoors and outdoors. In this case, the important thing is the goal you have set yourself. Depending on the goal, there are various cycling workout routines, which can either be mixed to high-intensity interval training session, or be performed only on the stationary bike.

  • To improve power, training with power intervals is particularly recommended. This training method can be associated with a more complete cyclists’ workout, especially within a SKILLATHETIC Brave or Mighty class. Otherwise, Skillbike offers specific cycling workout routines, aimed at improving either power or resistance.
  • To improve coordination and speed in pedalling, on the other hand, very fast, dynamic and low overload training is needed. In this sense, Skillathletic Boost classes are particularly recommended. Furthermore, Skillbike Agility cycling workout routine, with a progressive threshold that increases rpm, is perfect to test how fast you can pedal and keep coordination.

The benefits of a cycling workout

In short, a cycling workout is beneficial for several reasons:

  1. Reduced risks associated with joint and muscle exertion
  2. Improves Cadence efficiency and pedalling style, which allow for less effort at the same distance travelled
  3. It makes every cycling outdoor, regardless of its intrinsic goals, more effective, safer and more rewarding.
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