Three Square Code

Three Square Code Structures Stonehenge

Three Square Code Structures Stonehenge. Life often offers us the polarity of opposites. Something stands in opposition to something else.

This tiny number square gives rise to the pillar arrangement at Stonehenge. It was used in countless ways by ancient historic and even prehistoric civilizations. Currently we are entering a new age. It will be marked by peace and plenty. This is also known as a Golden Age. The same arrangement that formed the Palestinian cubit and the Egyptian cubit also structured the pillar arrangement at Stonehenge. Some information I quote from my own internal link below:

Two Ancient Reads From One Number Set

Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān explains how this number square was divided into various corners and gnomons. I show how the dotted points below were the options that were used for the appropriate Egyptian and Palestinian cubits. It was also used for builiding Stonehenge.

  • Multiply the 4 corner numbers: 5 x 7 x 1 x 6 = 210. The Palestinian cubit is 2.107 feet.
  • Multiply the remaining five numbers which are called the gnomon: 8 x 3 x 4 x 9 x 2 = 1728. The larger Egyptian cubit is 1.728 feet.

First we must see who gave rise to realizing this division of the square three code in the particular manner that I will present. Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (Arabicجابر بن حیان, Persianجابر بن حیان, often given the nisbahs al-Bariqi, al-Azdi, al-Kufi, al-Tusi or al-Sufi; fl. c. 721 – c. 815),[6] also known by the Latinization Geber, was a polymath: a chemist and alchemistastronomer and astrologerengineergeographerphilosopherphysicist, and pharmacist and physician. Born and educated in Tus, he later traveled to Kufa. He has been described as the father of early chemistry.[7][8][9]

Jabir ibn Hayyan.jpg

15th-century European portrait of “Geber”, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence

Three Square Code Uses Lower Right Corner and its Gnomon for Stonehenge

Numbers in a row are called a sequence. Sequence is also used in music and dance. Stonehenge uses 5,6,7, and 8:

  • 5 x 6 = 30. This numbers  inner stone circles.
  • 7 x 8 = 56. This numbers the outer holes.

Plan of the central stone structure.  The stones were dressed and fashioned with mortise and tenon joints before 30 were erected as a 108-foot (33 m) diameter circle of standing stones, with a ring of 30 lintel stones resting on top.

Three square code answers many questions.
Inner circles had 30 standing  megaliths. Outer Circle were dug with 56 pits. Above is a computer rendering.

For fun, add 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 26.  Now, let’s look at the two products and one sum we created from consecutive numbers 5,6,7 and 8: They are 30, 56 and 26. Any beginning student of chemistry knows these numbers define the most stable isotope of iron: (1) 30 neutrons. (2) atomic number 56 (3) Finally 56  – 30 = 26.  That is the atomic number of iron. Why is this important? Iron is the ash of nuclear fusion on stars. When enough iron is at the star’s core, it explodes. This creates all the heavier elements than iron.

Here’s the big question: Does Stonehenge represent the cosmic stellar process of creation? Was this known in the distant past? Or, is this just another numerical co-incidence?

Glendalough Cathedral in Ireland

Glendalough Cathedral 30 Miles South of Dublin

Glendalough Cathedral 30 Miles South of Dublin. St. Peter and St Pauls’ Cathedral Achonry,[1] is a former cathedral[2] in the Republic of Ireland:[3] It is within the same enclosure as Our Lady’s Church and the Round Tower.[4]

Map of Derrybawn, Glendalough, Co. Wicklow, Ireland
Glendalough holds a round tower. Its height reveals a prehistoric number code.

My source for this measure- 110 feet in height – is the book, Riddles in the British Landscape.  It has 148 illustrations and 4 maps. The book is written by Richard Muir, p. 183.  Publisher is Thames and Hudson, London, 1981.

Glendalough Cathedral has a Tower Built by a Hidden Number Square Code

110 tower located at the Glenalogh Cathedral.
Where is the height found whose digits are expressed feet by a prehistoric Masonic code?

Masonic symbol comes striaght from 3 x 3 number square

Masonic symbol is traceable to the basic number square of antiquity. 110 is found here. Feet are assigned to this figure. Why is this number square Masonic? A pattern outlines a Masonic symbol. We have nine numbers. Take the numbers three at the time as follows:

  • At a slant, 1, 2, 3 gives you the top triangle of the compass.
  • 7, 8, 9 offers the reciprocal bottom triangulated half of the “T” square.
  • Finally, 4, 5, 6, offers the slanted diagonal. Again these numbers are tilted in the number square. In the Masonic symbol above it occupied by “G”.
Image result for Masonic symbol on DSOworks number square
This number square was understood possibly thousands of years ago. It marked a lost & former, Golden Age.

So where is the 110 used at the Glendalough Round Tower? It seems like the square only goes up to nine. But, consider the numbers in the following manner: Two at the time by opposite polarities. We now have:

  • 49 + 61 = 110
  • 94 + 16 = 110
  • 95 + 15 = 110
  • 45 + 65 = 110 etc.

Finding the Hidden 110 at the Glendalough Cathedral

For those who care to go thru the trouble and time, 110 can be found in sixteen different ways on this simple number square. The total of all 16 becomes 1,760. Those who know measurement can recognize 1,760 is another number of measurement: There are exactly 1,760 English yards in one mile. Three feet are in the yard. There are 5,280 feet in the mile. Thus,  5,280 ÷ 3 = 1,760.

Why go through all this trouble? This number square once marked a lost Golden Age of Peace and Plenty. This code needs to be reactivated. Why shouldn’t we all have the same today? The tower at Glendalough Cathedral would then become the symbol of good things to come.

Two seven two is also explained by John Michell

Two Seven Two – What are these Three Numbers About?

Two Seven Two Requires Digging up the Past

Megalithic Measure Survives in Unexpected Ways

Megalithic measurement is a straight read on this number square

Megalithic Measure in Malta

Megalithic Measure Survives in Unexpected Ways

measurement overview

Measurement Overview by the Traditional 3 x 3 Square

Measurement Overview by the Traditional 3 x 3 Square. This simplest of number squares has an infinity of hidden number codes. I currently have some 535 posts on They are divided primarily between music and this simplest of of ancient number squares.  Of course, music and measure overlap. With so many blogs, perspective is difficult. Who has the time to even quickly glance at so much material? The purpose of this blog is simply to provide a measurement overview of the source of measures. A few of the hidden codes are in this internal link.

Artist's reconstructed Troy in Turkey in our measurement overview
Overall rectangular part of Troy is 220 megalithic yards x 165 megalithic yards.  It traces back to the 3 x 3 number square.
  • With Troy, here is the computation. Follow the numbers on the square.  43 + 67 = 110. Backwards 34 + 76 = 110. Total is 220. This works with any opposite columns of two numbers.  Megalithic yards were assigned to this number. It defines the length rectangular part of the citadel.
  • Next, take two numbers at the time again as follows. Watch the number square with three pairs of numbers. 49 + 35 +  81 = 165.  Take them in reverse: 94 + 53 + 18 = 165. It works the same way if you work the numbers horizontally.

Tens: Here’s the Formula on How Tens Grow into Infinity

Both actual measurements of ancient sites and units of measurement came from the 3 x 3 number square. It was once the backbone of a civilization that was destroyed by a cataclysm. A Golden age of peace and plenty once marked this time. Perhaps it is time to return to a Golden Age guided by a simple number square?

Golden Age (disambiguation) – Wikipedia

Measurement Overview – a Partial List

In a Golden Age the weaker and stronger peacefully co-exist.

Here a few of the measures mathematically derived from this number square. Review many of them on Type in the keyword.

  • Egyptian remen as 1.2165…feet.
  • Egyptian cubit of 1.71818…feet.
  • Egyptian cubit of 1.728 feet.
  • Royal cubit of 1.72 feet.
  • Foot of 12 inches.
  • Yard of 36 inches.
  • English furlong of 660 feet.
  • English rod of 16.5 feet.
  • Summerian inch of 0.66 inches.
  • Summerian cubit of 1.65 feet.
  • Masonic hundredweight of 112 pounds.
  • Old gemancer’s mile of 14,400 feet.
  • Shorter nautical mile of 6.048 feet
  • Jewish sacred cubit of 2.0736 feet.
  • Jewish sacred pace of 3.456 feet.
  • Chinese p’u of 14,400 feet.
  • Akbar’s yard of 33 inches.
  • Roman pace of 2.433 feet…………

The  list literally goes on and on.

Sacred engineers part one

Sacred Engineers Part One- Book Series on Line

Sacred Engineers Part One -Book Series on Line. I wrote a book. It is entitled “The Sacred Engineers Philosophy- The Pinnacle of Thought in the Unified Culture of Ancient Builders”. New knowledge is often kept at bay. It is not allowed to dock. The cargo of new knowledge that these ships carry are kept from unloading. Then a new era comes. Their cargo becomes suddenly desirable.  Welcoming crowds even go out to greet the ships.

File:New York, New York - Longshoremen. This shows the prevailing method of transferring bananas from the end on the... - NARA - 518792.jpg
Welcoming a desirable cargo shipment.

Is there such a thing as new knowledge?  Any valuable  new knowledge is usually  based on something old. Sometimes, the older, the better.  This view was expressed in 1382 in a Biblical translation attributed to John Wycliffe’s followers: “No thing under the sun is new” (Ecclesiastes 1:9). Time is cyclic. Specifically: At one time there was a Golden Age. Strife among people nations was unknown. Food was plentiful. Such stories have been reduced to legends.  Ancient Chinese referred to it as a time when yin ruled. This knowledge is alluded to in my link-  the rose and lily.

Image result for pictures from Oquaga Lake
Oquaga Lake is where I realized the significance of number squares.I was the house piano player at Scott’s Oquaga lake House. Most of my poetry was writen while hiking around this area.

rose and lily Archives – DSO Works

 Sacred Engineers Part One

The term Golden Age, as we know it comes from Greek mythology.  The Works and Days of Hesiod, describes the decline of the state of peoples through five Ages. Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (Greekχρύσεον γένος chrýseon génos)[1]lived. Those living in the first Age were ruled by Kronos,.  After the finish of the first age was the Silver.  Then came the Bronze. After this, the Heroic age. The fifth and current age is called Iron.[2]

And what has been lost?  Certainly the “Golden Age” factor. It denoted a period of primordial peaceharmonystability, and prosperity.  What can help to bring it about? Certainly, and most important, love. Also important,knowledge of number squares added balance to  lost, prehistoric  civilizations.  Yes, the concept is mathematical in nature. The Sacred Engineers Part One was written to introduce and explain a series of posts that will follow. The book was written in dialogue form in the style of Plato’s Republic.

Ancient computing was based on the Platonic Solids

Ancient Computing Utilized the Platonic Solids

Ancient Computing Utilized the Platonic Solids. First: What are the Platonic solids? In three-dimensional space, a Platonic solid is a regularconvex polyhedron. It is constructed by congruent (identical in shape and size) regular (all angles equal and all sides equal) polygonal faces.  They  have the same number of faces meeting at each vertex. Five solids meet those criteria. That’s it. A 6th cannot be constructed.

Four facesSix facesEight facesTwelve facesTwenty faces
(3D model)
(3D model)
(3D model)
(3D model)
(3D model)

The tetrahedron is the basis of the other four solids. Look at the 1st five numbers.  With that knowledge, here is some mathematical fun. 1²  x 2² x 3² x 4² x 5² = 14,400. Where is 14,400 significant as an ancient number?

The tetrahedron is the basic unit of the five.
By vertices, its 4 triangles total 720º (4 x 180° per triangle).  Then 7 + 2 + 0 = 9.
The solid whose faces contain  the most degrees of the 5 is the dodecahedron
With 9 x 720° = 6,480°. (This is exactly 9 x the  tetrahedron’with 720° degrees).  (9 x 720 = 6480).  Its second way is,  6 + 4 + 8 + 0 = 18. Reducing the number by horizontal adding of the smaller numbers,  1 + 8 = 9.

With the remaining three solids: Cube has 2,160°. Each of its 6 squares has 360°. Thus, 6 x 360 = 2160. That is 3 times the 720° of the tetrahedron. Reduce 2160 and we have:  2 + 1 + 6 + 0 = 9.
Icosahedron has 20 triangles. Every triangle has 180°. Thus, 20 x 180 = 360o. That is five times the 720 ° of the basic tetrahedron. Reduce 3600 and we have: 3 + 6 + 0 + 0 = 9
Finally,  there’s the octahedron with 8 triangles. 8 x 180° = 1440. That is 2 x the 720° of the tetrahedron. Then 1 + 4 + 4 + 0 = 9.
In content and quality number 9 imbues the  regular solids.

Ancient Computing had a Source

  • Why was  number 9 the limiting number of the Platonic solids in the manner described above? I like to call the nine-boxed digits in the number square below the “stamping mill of the Universe.”  Nine is the highest number of the traditional arrangement of the pictured numbers.
  • A second mystery: Why are there only 5 possible regular polyhedrons?  Because 5 is the core number of the 3 x 3 number square. The infinitely complex Universe is stamped out from this simplest of number squares.
  • A third mystery to solve:: Why was a megalithic mile 14,400 feet?  How did it relate to King Arthur’s Palace? The answer is simple. Total the number of degrees in the 5 solids. They are listed above.  We have, 720 + 1440 +  2160 + 3600 + 6480 = 14,400. Now read the internal link below.

The high priests of the Mesolithic culture worked extensively with the 3 x 3 number squareMesolithic cultures worked with the 3 x 3 number square for ancient computing.  Roses hold a primary ancient secret. Again, read this internal link. The high priests of various cultures and countries knew its secrets. Another known entity was how this tiny number square can become infinite. Link is also below. I’m attempting to restore this lost knowledge. My insights all took place on Oquaga Lake. I was the house piano player at Scott’s Oquaga Lake House for years. I  communed with a female Indian spirit from the Lennie Lenape.  This numerical square could offer a common vision based on balance. That, in turn, could initiate another Golden Age.

Image result for picture of oquaga lake
Beautiful Oquaga Lake, former stomping ground of the Lennie Lenape Indians.

King Arthur: His Palace and the Megalithic Mile

Roses, the only flower allowed in Jerusalem

Tens: Here’s the Formula on How Tens Grow into Infinity – DSO Works

Another Ancient Dodecahedron i

Another Ancient Dodecahedron in Summeria

Another Ancient Dodecahedron in Summeria
This shape was once thought to encapsulate the Universe.

Translating Geometry to Words and Numbers- link

Visiting Summeria For Another Ancient Dodecahedron

Related image
Modern usage for dodecahedron in a playground.

The Stamping Mill of the Universe – DSO Works

Characteristic number hides a secret code

Characteristic Number Hides a Secret Code

Characteristic Number Hides a Secret Code. Civilization has lost its touch with the past. A lost Golden Age  was all about number squares. Two opposite numbers always totaled the same number. Our featured number square will be the 3 x 3. Its characteristic number is 10. Any two opposite numbers total 10. These include 9 + 1;  4 + 6;  3 + 7; and 2 + 8.  First, where did I first learn about number squares? From the writings of British author, John Michell. Many of my blog are about the 3 x 3 number square. Below is an internal link to one of them. I However, I was able to take John Michell’s work a step further. This is because of an American Indian spirit guide from the Lennie Lenape. It all happened on Oquaga Lake  (See picture below).

Image result for picture of author John Michell
This book started me on a thus far 50 year journey.

Image result for picture of the 3 x 3 number square

3 x 3 number square Archives – DSO Works

View the square 2 numbers at the time by opposites. Whereas two numbers that cross the center are paired in the same row. Their sum is always 110. Thus, 49 + 61 = 110. Or, 35 + 75 = 110.   The 110 can be pulled out of the square in 16 ways. Thus, 16 X 110 = 1,760. The center then becomes 55. It is surrounded by 440

Characteristic Number Square List of Antiquity

  • The 3 x 3 is 10.
  • The 4 x 4 equals 17.
  • The 5 x 5 totals 26
  • The 6 x 6 is 37.
  • The 7 x 7 is 50.
  • The 8 x 8 is 65
  • The 9 x 9 is 82.

So where is the hidden number code? Take the prime characteristic number of the 3 x 3 number square. Its sum is 10 as described. Next, total the numbers from 1 to 10. They equal 55. You have just seen how the center of the 3 x 3 number square becomes 55 when viewed two numbers at the time.  Today many scoff at this. The ancients of a lost Golden Age accepted it.  My Indian spirit guide also offered a book of poetry, filled  with her wisdom.

Related image
Available as a product on
Five meets six here

Stonehenge Number Squares Are Fairly Inclusive

Stonehenge Number Squares Are Fairly Inclusive. Today I will feature its use of the 5 x 5 number square. It is pictured below. A lost and forgotten Golden Age was all about these number squares. I believe that with their reactivation, we can regain another such age. The blogs on cover these number squares. They also are about how music enriches our lives.  A Golden Age denotes a period of primordial peaceharmonystability, and prosperity. Peace and harmony prevailed.  People did not have to work to feed themselves.  Earth provided food in abundance. Please keep the following in mind: The present way of thinking of numbers is that they  represent impersonal quantities. Ancient civilizations animated numbers as words. Also numbers were thought of as musical in many ways:

  • Harmony uses basic number ratios. The consonant harmonies were either 1:1, 1:2, 2:3 and 3:4 or sometimes 4:5.
  • Higher number ratios were considered to be anywhere from mildly dissonance to dissonant.

Stonehenge Number Squares Included the Traditional 5 x 5 of Mars

11   24    7    20    3
4    12   25    8    16
17    5   13    21     9
10   18    1    14   22
23    6   19     2   15

Around the horseshoe are the remains of the outer sarsen circle, capped with lintels. There were probably once 30 stones in this circle. Set just inside the bank were 56 pits, known as the Aubrey Holes.[2] About half of these have been excavated. They were marked in the 1920s with white concrete circles. The inner enclosure forms a horseshoe shape of five trilithons.  Now to the 5 x 5 number square. The 5 trlithons also refer to the 5 x 5 number square. The numbers 1 to 25 total 325. Multiply the factors of this number as 3 x 2 x 5 = 30. That totals the Sarsen Circle stones.

Stonehenge Number Squares: Numbers defined relationships among many disciples. Ancients said, as with the large, so is the small. It is well established that the Stonehenge could predict the occurrence of ellipses. That is the large. The small is defining an atom of Iron. This element is defined by 26 protons and 30 neutrons. The atomic weight is 56. Iron is the significant element of nuclear fusion. Click on the internal link below.

Image result for wiki commons picture of Stonehenge
Stonehenge Sunset

fusion Archives – DSO Works

On large scale, these numbers as stone markers can predict solar and lunar eclipses:

Aubrey holes – Wikipedia

Hoyle proved that this could have been used to produce a much more reliable method of predicting eclipses as whenever the moon and sun markers are directly opposite each other and the other two stones occupy those same opposing points, an eclipse can be guaranteed.

In unity there is peace. I believe, for this purpose, it is about time to understand this ancient and forgotten use of number squares. This can create a happy fusion of the assorted elements of mankind.

Numerical reality and number squares

Numerical Reality Involves Number Square of Saturn

Numerical Reality involves number square of Saturn. At one time, numbers were thought to be the foundation of all. Numbers, however, were not random. Reality was set in number squares. This plan was global. Seven squares in particular were favoured. Each square represented the properties of a particular planet. They were:

  • Saturn with 3 x 3.
  • Jupiter was 4 x 4.
  • Mars was 5 x 5.
  • The Sun was 6 x 6.
  • Venus was 7 x 7.
  • Mercury was 8 x 8.
  • The Moon was 9 x 9.

The most complex was the simplest.The rings of Saturn are the most extensive planetary ring system of any planet in the Solar System. They consist of countless small particles, ranging from μm to m in size,[1] that orbit about Saturn.

The full set of rings, imaged as Saturn eclipsed the Sun from the vantage of the Cassini orbiter, 1.2 Million km distant, on 19 July 2013 (brightness is exaggerated). Earth appears as a dot at 4 o’clock, between the G and E rings.

Numerical Reality of Saturn’s 3 x 3 Number Square

Numerous layers rings are visible around Saturn. This parallels the properties of the number square the represents Saturn

Galileo first observed the rings in 161o.

Likewise, a number of mathematical rings surround the 3 x 3 number square.

  • Add the numbers around the central 5 (I term these numbers p1 which stands for perimeter one). 4 + 9 + 2 + 7 + 6 + 1 + 8 + 3 = 40.
  • Then add them two at the time overlapping the numbers. (I call this p-2. This stands for perimeter two: 49 + 92 + 27 + 76 + 61 + 18 + 83 + 34 = 440.
  •  Now take the numbers three at the time. Overlap the third with the first number. I call this p-3. This stands for perimeter three.  492 + 276 + 618 +  834 = 2,220.

Image result for picture of the 3 x 3 number square

These numerical rings around the 3 x 3 number square were used to measure holy sites of ancient civilizations. The ways have been described in the blogs on DSOworks. The blogs are free and easy to access.

We are about to enter a new era of peace and plenty. It is also termed a  Golden Age. The codes contained in this planetary number square can help in this quest.


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The Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO is an electronic library masking a selected collection of Brazilian scientific journals. There's horseback driving and wildlife Umanizzare (that guy) watching in the Pantanal, kayaking flooded forests in the Amazon, ascending rocky cliff tops to panoramic views, whale watching off the coast, surfing stellar breaks off palm-fringed seashores and snorkeling crystal-clear rivers or coastal reefs - all are part of the great Brazilian experience.

The objective of the positioning is to implement an digital virtual library, offering full entry to a set of serial titles, a group of points from individual serial titles, in addition to to the full textual content of articles. Add to that, Brazil's biodiversity: legendary in scope, its diverse ecosystems boast the greatest collection of plant and animal species found wherever on earth.

The states and the federal district could also be grouped into areas: Northern , Northeast , Central-West , Southeast and Southern The Brazilian regions are merely geographical, not political or administrative divisions, and they don't have any specific form of government.


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王越, 王彪, 王汛, 潘辰安, 姚佩雯, 李晨帆, 李勃
关键词:  火星探测任务；着陆区选择；工程约束；地质背景；含水矿物
Analysis and selection of landing areas for China 2020 Mars Mission
Yue Wang, LiBo
ShanDong University，WeiHai
The first Mars exploration mission of China is scheduled to launch in 2020 with the goals of orbiting, landing and roving. In view of the major considerations, the tentative landing area for the Mars exploration mission is 2 sub-area in the latitude range of 5°~30°. In this paper, based on the (Digital Elevation Model) data, remote sensing imagery and geological units, the priority landing areas were selected by combining the engineering constraints (terrain factors, ground bearing capacity, elevation and latitude) and scientific significance, and geological background of these priority landing areas was studied. Firstly, terrain factors (including slope and roughness) of the tentative sub-area were extracted derived from DEM data. And the areas meeting engineering constraints, which have lower slope (<7.38°), roughness value (<0.0096), stronger ground bearing capacity, elevation (<-2Km) and latitude (0~30°N), were selected. Then, based on the two research focuses of life and geology, the areas containing the scientific significance were chosen as the priority landing areas (a~h). Among them, a and b priority landing areas are located in the Chryse Planitia, c~g priority landing areas are located in the Isidis Planitia and h priority landing area is located in the Nepenthes Planum. Finally, the geological backgrounds of the eight areas were studied, and three priority landing areas (e~g) were considered as the highest priority landing areas because of their flat terrain, location at the boundary of two geological units and detection of the distribution of hydrous minerals.
Key words:  Mars exploration mission;landing areas selection;engineering constraints;geological background;hydrous mineral


Interesting facts about vanilla

Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia).

According to popular belief, the Totonac people, who inhabit the east coast of Mexico, were the first to cultivate vanilla. After their defeat by the Aztecs, they were forced to relinquish control of the exotic fruit.

The Aztecs named the fruit tlilxochitl, or “black flower”, after the matured fruit, which shrivels and turns black shortly after it is picked.

Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.

Thomas Jefferson is credited with introducing vanilla to the United States in the late 1700s. While serving as Ambassador to France, he learned the use of vanilla beans, and when he returned to the United States, brought vanilla beans with him.

Today, vanilla beans are grown in several distinct regions of the world. This produces vanilla beans with unique regional characteristics and attributes, each particularly suited to different uses.

The main species harvested for vanilla is V. planifolia. Although it is native to Mexico, it is now widely grown throughout the tropics. Indonesia and Madagascar are the world’s largest producers.

Vanilla grows as a vine, climbing up an existing tree (also called a tutor), pole, or other support. It can be grown in a wood (on trees), in a plantation (on trees or poles), or in a “shader”, in increasing orders of productivity.

vanilla vine

Numerous flowers open a few at a time and last a single day during the blooming season, which lasts about two months. Because of their dainty structure, the blossoms can be naturally pollinated only by certain small bees and hummingbirds; in areas outside of the pollinators’ range, the flowers are pollinated artificially with a wooden needle as soon as they open. The flowers vary in color from pale green to yellow to creamy white.

vanilla flowers

The fruit, a long capsule, reaches its full length of about 20 cm (8 inches) in four to six weeks but may take up to nine months to mature. As soon as they turn golden green at the base, the unripe pods are harvested.

vanilla beans

Interestingly, fresh vanilla beans have no taste or aroma. They must undergo an extensive curing process that results in the release of vanillin with its distinct aroma and flavor. The traditional method begins with subjecting the harvested beans to a process of nightly sweating and daily exposure to the sun for about 10 days, until they become deep chocolate brown in color.

This processing and the need for manual pollination make vanilla one of the most expensive spices. Vanilla is the second-most expensive spice after saffron because growing the vanilla seed pods is labor-intensive.

Despite the expense, vanilla is highly valued for its flavor and is regarded as the world’s most popular aroma and flavor, vanilla is a widely used aroma and flavor compound for foods, beverages as indicated by its popularity as an ice cream flavor.

Although vanilla is a prized flavoring agent on its own, it is also used to enhance the flavor of other substances, to which its own flavor is often complementary, such as chocolate, custard, caramel, coffee, and others.

The most common flavor of ice cream is vanilla, and thus, most people consider it to be the “default” flavor.

vanilla ice cream

The smell of vanilla is known to directly impact the brain and induce calmness.

Some research has pointed to vanilla as a weight loss aid, due to its appetite-suppressing properties.

Vanilla is also used in perfume manufacture, aromatherapy and hygiene and beauty products because of its many effects on the hair and skin.

The majority of the world’s vanilla is the V. planifolia species, more commonly known as Bourbon vanilla or Madagascar vanilla.

The word “vanilla”, derived from vainilla, the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina (vaina itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as “little pod.”

The term French vanilla is not a type of vanilla, but is often used to designate preparations that have a strong vanilla aroma, and contain vanilla grains.

By analogy, the term “vanilla” is sometimes used as a synonym for “plain.”

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Education, That means, Aim And Function

educationEach human being wants oxygen to outlive on the planet. As a consequence of its decrease prices, on-line education also benefits decrease-earnings students. Having the brand new worker exhibit abilities for a manager exhibits you two things: how good the coach was, and that the employee can do the features of the job.

In the past two decades or so, parents didn’t see education to be necessary for his or her child as they believed that their little one solely wants information on certain points. Two crucial considerations, yet many mother and father fail to acknowledge the significance of being involved of their child’s education.

This meaning of Education would give rise to the Intention, as disseminating formally, non-formally, culturally, nationally, scientifically and ritually-expertise, literacy, knowledge, norm and values, as pedagogies of the establishments giving rise to the goal.

Let me say once more – there are lots of excellent academics on the market who sincerely care about their students and who are prepared to change issues as much as benefit the members of their classroom. To answer the primary query as to why mother and father ought to be concerned in their child’s education, merely take a look at the numbers.

With out query, the majority of what a young little one learns will happen at school, however there’s additionally rather more that children will learn, and must study, outdoors the classroom. Expertise additionally permits college students to cheat extra easily. Some people feel the federal government is doing so because of pressure from “higher powers” to increase the educational nicely-being of students with out receiving any opposition to the changes.

Because of this dad and mom have a accountability to be lively of their kid’s education. The restricted programs are allowing students to arrange for particular jobs as opposed to giving them a general education on a topic. One classroom instructor and twenty-five to thirty younger minds to fill with knowledge can be a very difficult feat to perform.


It all began in Nuremberg...

On August 8th, 1945, three months after the allied victory over Nazi Germany, the four victorious great powers signed an agreement in London. The major war criminals would be tried and punished.

In the autumn, the International Military Tribunal met for the first time in Nuremberg, the city of Nazism’s early triumphs, now reduced to rubble and ashes. The trial lasted from November 20th 1945 to the 1st of October 1946, held 402 sessions and judged 22 defendants responsible for the cold-blooded extermination of more than 10 million men, women and children. These were the major war criminals; those lower down the Nazi hierarchy, the less prestigious defendants, would be tried later.

At the Tribunal, guarded by American Military Police in their impeccable uniforms, iron discipline was the order of the day. The four allied powers, The United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union, still united by their victorious campaign; four public prosecution services; the Nazis on the defendants’ benches; four working languages.

How could all these protagonists communicate with each other?

Colonel Léon Dostert, former interpreter to General Eisenhower, was entrusted with solving the language problem. Perfect bilingual he may have been, but he had no experience and no precedents to draw on.

And in 1945 of course, simultaneous interpretation was in its infancy. André Kaminker, one of the great and rare interpreters of the interwar years, had invented the system of  “simultaneous translation” when he interpreted, for French radio in 1934, Hitler’s first big speech – also in Nuremberg!

During the 1930s The International Labour Organization had experimented with a rudimentary system of  “telephonic simultaneous” which did not however appear very promising. After the war, there was a big increase in the number of working languages and the first major congress in Europe, the World Trade Union Conference in 1945, demonstrated almost ad absurdum, the difficulties of relying solely on consecutive interpretation in a multilingual conference.

Dostert therefore had no choice. Simultaneous was an absolute necessity, calling for innovation, improvisation and creativity.

The hearings followed the same unchanging ritual, presided over by the distinguished Lord Geoffrey Lawrence, wearing his headphones like a wig. The defendants in the dock aroused curiosity, even if, with the exception of Goering, the Nazi leaders like Hitler, Goebbels and Himmler had not fallen into the hands of the allies. Very close to them was the interpreters’ “aquarium”. Dostert had instinctively understood that it was essential for the interpreters to see those whose words they were interpreting; we were on the same level as the defendants. How closely we observed them and how familiar we became with them! Goering’s clothes hung loosely on him as he had lost a lot of weight, but he still maintained his martial bearing; Hess was so wracked by nervous twitches and sudden pains that he often had to leave the courtroom, escorted by two military policemen; Kaltenbrunner (Himmler’s deputy) had stitches all over his face as he had attempted suicide by throwing himself against the wall of his cell; Streicher, the vile “jew baiter” insulted the tribunal in such vulgar terms that his words had to be deleted from the court record. … Dostert had also understood that if the interpreters were to do their job effectively, they had to attend the whole of the hearing and also have time off. The interpreters’ work schedule was as regular as clockwork: three teams A, B and C, each with 12 interpreters; four booths, English, Russian, German and French; three interpreters in each booth, each of them interpreting into their native tongue from one of the three other working languages. The schedule of a typical day: morning, team A for 45 minutes, during which team B was listening in from Room 606 behind the courtroom. Half way through the morning teams A and B changed places. The session adjourned at 12h00 and the same schedule was repeated in the afternoon. On that day, team C was off. Every day therefore, two of the three teams were working, which meant that each interpreter had one or two days off every week, not counting weekends. In addition, some interpreters, not necessarily members of the simultaneous teams, were required to help with the questioning of the defendants outside of the Tribunal’s regular sessions.

The big problem was of course training - or rather the lack of it. I take this opportunity to give the example of the booth I am most familiar with, the French booth, whose head was Jean Meyer.  Most of its members had some training in consecutive or a little practical experience, again only in consecutive, sometimes both. As far as I was concerned, I had graduated from the Geneva School for Interpreters in March 1944 and had worked at two short conferences and spent a month with the French occupying forces in Berlin. I had never worked in simultaneous. Engaged as an interpreter for the trial, I arrived in Nuremberg in January 1946 and worked in the translation department for several weeks. In addition, instructed get as much practice in simultaneous as possible, I interpreted the sessions to myself in simultaneous, either in the courtroom or the public gallery and participated in specific exercises in simultaneous outside the courtroom. After about two months, I found myself in the booth, interpreting for real.

The interpreters were therefore beginners in simultaneous. The quality of their work improved as they gained experience. But it was also a great help to work at the orderly and measured pace of the sessions, presided over by Lord Justice Lawrence. Needless to say, the faithful interpretation of everything that was said was, quite literally, a matter of life or death for the defendants!

As a footnote to all this, before I returned to Paris, I wrote an article for “L’INTERPRETE[1] urging that simultaneous be taught in interpreting schools. A little later, it was formally added to the curriculum of the Geneva School.

Nuremberg was a truly historic trial that stood out like a beacon in the surrealist atmosphere of post-war Nuremberg, a prosperous international enclave amidst the rubble. The victors were euphoric, the vanquished wretched and the evening parties at the Press Camp high-spirited affairs where everyone could let their hair down after the horrors heard in court.  The dignity and the discipline imposed on the Tribunal and particularly on the interpreting service undoubtedly played their part. They enhanced the prestige of a first ever, legally vulnerable construct that was subject to strong political and personal pressures. Colonel Léon Dostert deserves a warm tribute for his not inconsiderable contribution to its success.

[1] The quarterly journal of the Geneva school alumni association (AIT). A full set is being compiled at AIIC Head Office in Geneva.

Recommended citation format:
Marie-France SKUNCKE. "It all began in Nuremberg...". April 3, 2019. Accessed October 20, 2019. <>.

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Anne Kp

Merci pour ce témoignage passionnant. Un membre de notre famille y était aussi comme interprète. Hélas, il est décédé et nous ne pouvons plus l'interroger sur le sujet. Votre témoignage a comblé un manque. Merci encore !

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Odile Montpetit

Magistral! Une époque vraiment trépidante; merci pour ce rappel qui ne peut qu'éclairer la "jeune génération" dont je fais partie. Je pense qu'inconsciemment nous espérons tous participer un peu à l'Histoire, à l'instar des interprè-tes de Nuremberg. Merci - Odile Montpetit

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Dominique Baz_Lindahl

encore plus fière d'avoir été l'une de vos étudiantes!bien à vous,

Dominique Baz-Lindahl

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Manuel Sant'Iago Ribeiro

...l'hommage vous est aussi due,comme nous avons essayé de faire en '92 à Bruxelles, chère Marie- -France, pour y avoir été a ce procès-phare ainsi que pour avoir toujours su, depuis, rester l'un de nos phares!

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Mechanical touch probes on CMMs (Coordinate Measuring Machines) are the most common sensors used for blade inspection. Most Blade Measurements today are based on a mechanical probe. The amount of useful data that can be collected using the mechanical touch probe is limited. Since blades are characterized by complicated free form 3D geometry shapes, the traditional solution of touch trigger probes on a CMM is very limited both in hardware as well as in measurement software. One of the major challenges of blade measurement is the “blade alignment” — finding the blade position relative to the CMM and moving the coordinate system from the CMM to the blade. It is a tricky trail and error approach, unless one is using very high precision (and very expensive) mechanical jigs. The recent trend from the touch trigger probe to a mechanical (Analog) scanning probe is a step in the right direction, in terms of data collection rate; however it is still limited by some major fundamental characteristics of the mechanical analog sensor: a. A mechanical probe needs to maintain continuous contact with the surface and thus is limited in its scanning speed. b. By nature, the dynamic range of a mechanical probe is only a few hundred microns, which makes the scanning pattern, the alignment routine and the programming of the scan path more complicated. c. Programming a mechanical probe for a cross-section scanning operation requires operator skill and experience. d. The resolution and size of the features that can be scanned are limited by the diameter of the stylus, so features such as leading and trailing edges are not good candidates for any mechanical or analog probe measurements.

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NDW4M Contemporary Indigenous Issues & Perspectives in a Global Context – Grade 12 (University/College)

NDW4M online is one of over 100 secondary school courses that Blyth Academy Online offers.

Courses Offered

PREREQUISITE: Any Grade 11 university, university/college, or college preparation course in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit studies or Canadian and world studies or social sciences and humanities

GRADE: 12 (University/College)

AVAILABILITY: Blyth Academy Online

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies

Despite the wide diversity of Indigenous peoples around the world, contemporary Indigenous cultures and communities share many perspectives, experiences, concerns, and aspirations. In NDW4M online, students examine global issues from the perspectives of Indigenous peoples, investigating topics such as identity, social justice, human rights, spirituality, resilience, and advocacy for change. Students draw on the depth and diversity of Indigenous cultures, traditions, and knowledge to consider how Indigenous communities around the world persevere despite current global political, social, and economic challenges.

Students learn about the threats to cultural survival posed by trends such as the loss of land as an economic base, environmental decline, lack of sovereignty/self-governance, the legacy of colonialism, globalization, language loss, and gender-based discrimination facing Indigenous women and girls. By encouraging students to examine the political, economic, and social context for a variety of interactions between Indigenous and nonIndigenous populations in several regions of the world, NDW4M online helps students build knowledge and skills that prepare them for meaningful participation in a globalized society.

As students make connections between contemporary global issues and cultural survival, they learn that all cultures benefit when Indigenous values, rights, and aspirations are respected. Students not only explore the impact of global trends on Indigenous lives and lived experiences but they also discover ways in which Indigenous knowledge and leadership can support efforts to address issues affecting all peoples. Students may investigate the benefits of incorporating Indigenous perspectives into resource management, for example, or of employing Indigenous leadership approaches within organizational structures. By exploring the values reflected in Indigenous concepts such as the two-eyed seeing model and planning for future generations – and by investigating how these values can guide approaches to the complex issues facing nations and peoples around the world – students extend their understanding of the contributions that Indigenous cultures make, and the value they add, to the global community. They also develop their awareness of the critical importance of building relationships based on truth and mutual respect.

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Gold is a necessary element of World of Warcraft. Players can create their own self-sustaining economy. and use it to buy very useful items to improve a player’s experience. But when it comes to gold, everyone wants it. This makes many gold making methods in WoW difficult to use. They become saturated. But, today I’ll be providing the best WoW gold making techniques available for the BFA expansion.

If you're just trying to sell one item once, TSM probably isn't the way to go. But you can set it up to do things like "find all BFA mining auctions selling for 75% of the market value", buy those, and then use a single button to "post all BFA mining auctions at 90% of the market value". This won't usually net you tens of thousands of gold, but it's a pretty reliable income stream for pretty low effort.
The hexweave bags are still a safe bet unless the new 32 crafting cost is like 10% of them. The one thing I'm more concerned about is the professions squish. This will make the old world items that we've been selling (TBC Dust still sells by 200 stacks easily) only required for Transmog and not leveling. This was a better option for a lot of professions (especially enchanting). Expecting their near-death with the next expansion. :(

On January 30, 2018 Battle for Azeroth was made available for preorder, coming with the unlocking of the four first allied races. With the announcement of the Collector's Edition and release date for Battle for Azeroth on April 5, 2018,[3][5] Legion was the first expansion to be offered for free with a preorder.[6] Battle for Azeroth is the first expansion to launch in the Americas, Europe, Taiwan, Korea, and Australia/New Zealand at the same time.[1] Battle for Azeroth became the fastest-selling World of Warcraft expansion ever.[7]
Consumables (Alchemy, Jewelcrafting, Enchanting) – When I have gotten a toon to max level and managed to get all of the end game recipes/ranks, I have done well. However, I never have much luck with the lower level items. It feels to me like if someone is going to buy a gem, enchant, or flask, they want the best one or none at all. Maybe that comes down to the servers I play on, but it does make sense compared to how I play my own toons. I either am going to gear up a toon for endgame or not worry about it at all. Alchemy does have the benefit of transmutes which even the low level ones can make some decent gold. JC does have the MOP mounts and pets if you can get the recipes for them but otherwise these professions feel like max level or bust to me.
2. Island Expeditions. What?! you may ask, but it is simple. The transmog that drops, now rather frequently, from the expeditions sells well and for high amounts. Despite its somewhat common drop rate the fact that the loot table is so large means that people seeking certain transmog will be more likely to buy it than farm it. The parroted meme on r/wow that it is unrewarding only makes it better for someone like me. In the past two days from doing Island Expeditions on the side (about 20 total) I got 6 transmog items of TSM values between 15k and 150k. I sold 3 so far totaling 140k (Plundered Squid Caster: 50k because I wanted to be rid of it, Stinkrot Smasher: 69k, Razorfin Breastplate: 28k). Pet drops are a different story and while you can sell them, the fact that they need to be looted for the achievement means that the potential buyer pool is smaller.

Taerar - Alliance Taerar - Horde Talnivarr - Alliance Talnivarr - Horde Tarren Mill - Alliance Tarren Mill - Horde Teldrassil - Alliance Teldrassil - Horde Temple noir - Alliance Temple noir - Horde Terenas - Alliance Terenas - Horde Terrordar - Alliance Terrordar - Horde The Maelstrom - Alliance The Maelstrom - Horde The Sha'tar - Alliance The Sha'tar - Horde The Venture Co. - Alliance The Venture Co. - Horde Theradras - Alliance Theradras - Horde Thrall - Alliance Thrall - Horde Throk'Feroth - Alliance Throk'Feroth - Horde Thunderhorn - Alliance Thunderhorn - Horde Tichondrius - Alliance Tichondrius - Horde Tirion - Alliance Tirion - Horde Todeswache - Alliance Todeswache - Horde Trollbane - Alliance Trollbane - Horde Turalyon - Alliance Turalyon - Horde Twilight's Hammer - Alli... Twilight's Hammer - Horde Twisting Nether - Alliance Twisting Nether - Horde Tyrande - Alliance Tyrande - Horde Terokkar - Alliance Terokkar - Horde Thermaplugg - Alliance Thermaplugg - Horde
I have been playing since 2005. I have never really relied on the auction house to make my gold (I don't have the time, what with me having a life and all). In fact, I hardly ever use it. But as the years went by, I've always managed to get my gold total to progressively increase with each expansion. Not so with BFA. In fact, my total has actually gone down since BFA launch. Is this normal? Yes, I have been buying items from the rep guys, but I do that with every expansion. My gold started stagnating a bit before BFA, but since launch ... wow! I guess I can kiss that dinosaur mount goodbye!
I would also like to point out, just because it gave me a giggle, that in one sentence you highlight that everyone is trying to make gold in BfA and then in another direct people back to the Engineering/JC mounts as a proposed solution. While I appreciate the suggestion, you seem smart enough to realize that those, too, are saturated markets. They have been for years now, so that's just moving from one camped market to another.

They'll still be able to craft their items. Xmog crafters won't feel as hit because most of those patterns aren't terribly easy to come by. Mount sellers won't be affected. Recipes wont really be affected. Trade Goods will change a bit though, but that isn't inherently a bad thing. I can never find Firebloom on my server for sale, Mageweave and Silk are always pricey, etc. It might increase the amounts of those types of items and drive the price down, but that might be replaced by something else just as easily.
Unfortunately this game misses the mark. The visual and audio experiences are truly this expansions only carry. The questing is the same as itUnfortunately this game misses the mark. The visual and audio experiences are truly this expansions only carry. The questing is the same as it has always been, artifacts and world quests aren't new, more skills taken away from the last expansion (nothing new added to replace them). Island Expeditions, the heralded new feature, is a complete letdown; it's just a scenario with a timer on it. The story is jarring and feels out of place somehow. For a full priced game (that's just an expansion) I can't help but feel a bit ripped off.… Expand


During a rhinoplasty the bone and cartilage underneath the skin is modified. In most cases a surgeon will make an incision inside the nostrils or in the septum which is located between the nostrils. The bone or cartilage will be either clipped or bumped up. When a change in the nose is intended to be subtle, a surgeon may collect cartilage from deep inside the nose or possibly from the ear. When the nose is to be altered dramatically, implants or bone grafting may be utilized.

The fat used in a Brazilian butt lift comes from your own body from areas where it is in excess like the abdomen, thighs, arms, upper and lower back, and flanks (sides and love handles). Because the fat is purified and cleaned before being re-injected into the body, it will not be reabsorbed, allowing it to help shape the new contours of your backside. If you are not looking to use fat injections, implants are also available for a buttock lift procedure.

During the consultation, Dr. Torgerson would evaluate whether the individual is a good candidate for this treatment. Patients could even use the VECTRA 3D imaging system to see a visual of their potential final results prior to the injectable filler being used. Patients could browse through before and after photos of previous non-surgical nose job patients and decide on a course of action.
As cost is always a consideration for patients moving forward, the average comparison pricing for both a non-surgical nose job and surgical rhinoplasty are as follows: The cost for a non-surgical nose job is currently around $1,000 + applicable taxes. This price is subject to change over time, but would give you a ball-park figure to help you in your decision. Rhinoplasty costs are typically around $10,000 plus applicable taxes (again, this is subject to change and is an estimate only). At our facility, the price quoted to patients is all inclusive of all surgeon visits, before and after surgery, the anaesthetic costs and facility costs etc. There are no hidden or mandatory additional fees.
In any case, you can probably find the average costs of all procedures in different cities right here on Realself. Plastic surgery fees vary a lot from surgeon to surgeon, from place to place, and country to country.But beware of choosing a surgeon solely on price. Make sure to do your research and make sure he or she is a board certified plastic surgeon.

The wonderful thing about our Plastic Surgery Centre is that only doctors exclusively inject our patients. Knowing that the knowledge, ability and personal experience of a doctor are all being employed to ensure the top results helps put clients at ease and makes the experience as safe as possible. Dr. Torgerson is very particular about dermal filler injections and carefully assesses each patient’s facial structure to ensure quality results. Furthermore, companies that produce and distribute injectable filler around the world routinely request Dr. Torgerson to provide innovative training sessions for other physicians and nurses in order to train them in the latest techniques.

"Many times, the cost of rhinoplasty or other surgery in New York City would be three times the price as in a smaller town, but it is not three times better necessarily," Dr. Park said. "At the same time, I would warn patients to beware of a physician in a small town that costs a fraction of what an average rhinoplasty would cost. In general, when a surgeon is throwing in discounts, I would be very wary."
Dr. Weinberg does not endorse or lend his name to any specific product, medication, or device. The information on this page is meant to familiarize prospective patients with some of the commonly available treatments/products and devices in use for specific issues and is intended for general educational purposes only. Decisions regarding treatments in a specific patient must be made in the context of a medical consultation.

Liposuction is needed in order to perform a Brazilian butt lift procedure. If you are simply having liposuction in 1 or 2 areas then local anesthesia can be used. If you are having liposuction done in more than a few areas, you may require the use of a general anesthetic. Brazilian butt lifts require fat transfer and re-injection. Buttock lifts are a surgical procedure that often involve implantation.
Dr. Torgerson offers free consult appointments for clients, so we welcome you to book one by easily calling 647-343-0207 or by completing our Contact Form. We endeavour to promptly reply within 1 business day. When you arrive at the consultation, the surgeon will personally meet with you to determine whether you are a good candidate as well as the risks involved. If you decide you’d like to proceed with the injectable filler treatment afterwards, this can be accommodated on the same day. Dr. Torgerson is the only professional at our clinic who performs non surgical rhinoplasty owing to our commitment to superior results and standards. He is one of the best injectors in Canada and routinely trains other nurses, physicians, and surgeons in the latest best practices for dermal filler.

One of the main things to keep in mind regarding medical tourism is how difficult it may be to see or even contact your doctor after surgery. Follow-up appointments are extremely important. When surgery is performed internationally, patients either miss post-operative appointments or have to stay in the area for an extended period of time. When you have surgery closer to home, you can more easily attend these appointments and visit your surgeon if any other problems or concerns arise. Many surgeons like myself will revise their own work at no additional charge except for anesthesia fees or surgical venue fees.
Many patients choose to combine rhinoplasty with a facelift for dramatic results and an overall more youthful appearance. This procedure can treat creases and sagging skin, particularly around the eyes, cheeks, chin, and mouth. There are several types of facelifts, and patients can choose a mid, mini, or lower facelift to address specific areas of concern. Through carefully concealed incisions, the doctor raises the facial muscles, removes unwanted fat deposits, and trims away extra skin. Following a facelift, patients may look significantly younger.
The more complex the procedure, the more it will last; hence, the more expensive it is going to be. If, for example, a patient requests for a 6-inch increase in their measurement, they should be prepared for a lengthier and more difficult procedure. In this case, it might be necessary to combine various procedures to achieve the desired outcome. These might include the combined use of liposuction and autologous fat transfer. For this procedure, the average brazilian butt lift cost for most cases is around $10,000 in the US and about $8,500 in Canada.
Open rhinoplasty gives the surgeon greater access to the cartilage and bone of the nose but it will leave some scar tissue. By creating an incision across the columella (the area of cartilage between the two nostrils) the doctor can lift the skin off the tip of the nose and shape the cartilage very precisely. When healed, the incision leaves a very small, almost negligible scar on the underside of the nose.
As you might imagine, liposuction costs vary depending on body part, individual person, and clinic. Every person is different, and there's no such thing as "one-size-fits-all" liposuction. In addition, the prices clinics charge are usually based on factors such as the specific procedures they offer, the equipment they use, the clinic's accreditation, the skill of the surgical staff, and the surgeon's level of experience.


Cross Cultural Therapy

Cross Cultural Therapy, Group Therapy

Cross cultural therapy is the process of studying mental processes and human behaviour in diverse cultural circumstances. People from different cultures don't only have different languages, but also behaviours and cross cultural therapy was developed for that reason.

Cross cultural therapy is ideal for people who find themselves surrounded by people of a different culture, who have different beliefs and don't express themselves in the same way. When faced with emotional issues, an immigrant may find it hard to be understood by native practitioners. However, more and more therapists are answering this need by offering cross-cultural therapy to their services.

Every individual is important and you deserve the help you need. Don't hesitate to seek help if you feel lonely, sad, or depressed.

If you are looking for a therapist who offers cross-cultural therapy, please browse our list of practitioners below..

Group Therapy is generally offered in a setting with a single therapist and a group of up to around twelve participants who share a common or related issue. Therapists sometimes suggest group therapy if a group format suits the person or the issue better, or if the treatment type has a group therapy aspect, such as art therapy or dialectical behaviour therapy.

By observing other people in group therapy, a person can receive helpful feedback from other group members. These varied perspectives can help to promote change and growth. Group therapy helps people to develop better coping methods by learning from others. By seeing how other group therapy members handle situations, people can follow their examples and grow from that.

Group therapy is generally more affordable and at the same time, it allows people to learn better social skills.

If you are looking for a therapist who offers Group Therapy, please browse our list of practitioners below..

Ginny Wong

I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Master’s Degree in Counselling, with over 30 years of experience as a community-based social worker serving immigrants and refugee claimants. In additions, I am an... Read more

Ron Prasad

Fernanda Souza

Ph.D. (cand), RCC

Bhupie Dulay

I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor with a Masters of Arts degree in Counselling Psychology. I am committed to creating a safe, inclusive, and respectful space. With creativity, flexibility, and intention we co-create... Read more

Mercedes Baines

Mercedes Baines is a Registered Clinical Counsellor & a Certified Adlerian Therapist with a Master’s degree in Counselling Psychology & a research focus in grief & loss. Inspiring fully embodied living... Read more


Geneva – The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor expressed concern over the forced return of migrants and asylum seekers from the European Union to Libya, in a letter to the Chairman of Human Rights Commission of the European Parliament, Marie Arena, and Filippo Grandi, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The letter noted that the recent agreement between the Libyan Coast Guard and member states of the European Union violates international law regarding the rights of refugees fleeing persecution and war.

   The situation in Libya, or any other countries migrants flee, is no less dangerous than the circumstances they are facing

According to  Euro-Med, 2,300 people have been arrested and forcibly returned to Libyan camps since the beginning of 2019. It is part of an agreement to prevent people from reaching Europe by boat. This has only added to the suffering of a country torn about by war.

The Geneva-based organisation also said that arresting migrants attempting the crossing has forced them into taking more dangerous routes into Europe.

The organisation also pointed out that more than 50,000 refugees and asylum seekers are currently registered in Libya, while the number of refugees and detainees in illegal detention camps is still unknown.

 Euro-Med described the seriousness of the violations the refugees are subjected to in Libya, including exploitation, violence, torture, forced labour, and slavery, according to documented cases. In addition, illegal refugee camps were frequently typified by violence, disease, poor sanitation, and a lack of drinking water. Some refugees have died of hunger and disease because of the inability of the  Libyan authorities to address these conditions.

The international rights organisation noted that the bloody military conflict in Libya puts the lives of civilians and refugees in grave danger. The warring factions in Libya, especially those led by Khalifa Haftar, recently attacked a refugee detention center in Tajoura, killing 53 refugees and wounding 150 others.

In the letter,  Euro-Med said that the forced return to Libya of migrants trying to escape persecution, war, and conflicts sentencing them to die. The situation in Libya, or any other countries migrants flee, is no less dangerous than the circumstances they are facing.

The organisation expressed its concern that other European countries would be affected by the agreement between the Libyan Coast Guard and countries like Italy, highlighting rising concern that this deal might become a new standard for dealing with refugees.

Euro-Med concluded by calling for quick action by all EU-related authorities to end the policy of returning refugees, which violates their rights, increases their suffering, and puts them at greater risk than the situation they might have originally fled.


Your Body

When I teach yoga, I tell my students, pay attention to the sensations in the body. Sensations are good, pain is not. Move in a way that makes sense for you. You should know your body better than anyone else but sometimes we miss the signs.

This idea that the body is present 100% of the time, is not applicable to just yoga practitioners. This morning, I woke up to a sore throat. I caught a cold. Last night, I noticed that I was a bit congested. I thought it was related to the wine I was enjoying. My body was sending me signals. I noticed and chalked it up to tannins in the wine, a known allergen to many. Think about this for a moment, when you stub your toe, ouch! When you are hungry, you feel hunger pangs. In these examples, your body is present. These sensations are commonly noticed but what about the more subtle ones? Dry, brittle hair, hair loss, tension headaches, night teeth grinding. Why is this happening to your body? I promise you, there is an underlying issue. This is likely the sympathetic system or “fight or flight” in us that is activated when we are under pressure or undue stress.

Pressure is different for everyone. What causes me stress may be quite different for another. Certainly we adapt and through experience we learn different coping mechanisms, yoga and meditation is one that works for me. Sometimes it is more than that. Sometimes there is a systemic issue that needs addressing. It is my responsibility to take care of me but if the workplace culture is such that absenteeism and health issues are on the rise, this needs looking at. This is more than employees taking mental health days. How do your employees behave at work? Have you noticed?

Let’s bring the body is present 100% of the time to the workplace. Let’s suggest the body in this case, is the working environment and that sensation is good as it relates to your workplace culture. Sensation would look like healthy conversations, diverse opinions, safe place to open and share. A collaborative environment where no idea is a bad idea. Sounds like a great place to work. On the opposite end of the scale, we have pain in the body or workplace; betrayal, lack of trust, fear-based tactics, top down approach, oppressive workplace. These behaviours or pain points will manifest itself in different ways, presenteeism (at work but not productive), inability to counter opinions, feeling unheard, unacknowledged and unappreciated. The latter will be disruptive to your workplace. You will see an increase in medical costs. You will see an increase in absenteeism. You will see a loss in talent. If any of these symptoms are on the rise, it is time to pay attention. The body is present 100% of the time.

Michelle Precourt is a Career Coach, Recruitment Expert and Registered Yoga Teacher based in Ottawa, Canada. In addition to providing first-rate career coaching, she draws from her yoga expertise, instructing clients in calming techniques for better interview performance and workplace success. When Michelle is not working, you will find her practicing yoga at a local studio or hiking in nature with her husband. Learn more about Michelle and her work at