Spaceship Earth: Whose views: part 2

In a continuation of our previous column, two more politicians’ political platforms in relation to the Green New Deal will be discussed. Two weeks ago, Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren were compared, and now Joe Biden and Pete Buttigieg’s platforms will be thrown into the mix. We know this campus leans pretty liberal, but it’s useful to know more moderate platforms when talking with others. So without further ado, let’s get started.

Although Buttigieg seems to have more moderate stances compared to his fellow candidates, he stands out in that he’s actually part of the generation that will be most affected by the climate crisis. His website calls it “the greatest challenge of our time.” His actual plan is divided into three parts: 1) build a clean economy, 2) invest in resilience and 3) and demonstrate global leadership. The main goal of the first section is to invest in clean energy and reach a carbon neutral society by 2050. He wants to follow the vision of the Green New Deal but apply his own more market-focused plans. By 2025, he wants to double the amount of clean electricity produced in the United States. However, considering only approximately 17% of current energy production is green, this aspect of the plan won’t have much impact. Furthermore, as time goes on, it would appear that energy consumption will only increase, so more ambitious plans are needed. His plan ultimately commits around $1.5 trillion and estimates that it will create 3 million jobs, making it much weaker economically than plans like Bernie’s. Overall, it seems difficult to fully call this a “Green New Deal” as it seems to fail to create the radical change needed to combat climate change. This is clear when compared to other climate plans, even when compared to another fairly moderate candidate like Joe Biden.

Biden’s climate plan invests $1.7 trillion and claims to adopt the Green New Deal as its central framework. It matches in many ways the plan proposed by Buttigieg, although it is slightly more intentional in its commitment to climate justice. His stance on labor rights compared to other candidates is much weaker, however. While Biden’s plan states that he will “defend workers’ rights to form unions and collectively bargain,” in an environment that is rather hostile against unions, a president is needed that will actively fight for unions and the rights of workers in the new green sector. For a candidate who used to support “clean coal” during the Obama years, Biden has certainly come a long way. However even his plan should be considered moderate. In order to fully tackle the crisis of climate change, a radical new approach must be taken. Although he supports the ideals and the framework of the Green New Deal, without sufficient investment, the framework will not be enough.

In conclusion, as you approach conversations about the 2020 elections with your Boomer parents and family over Thanksgiving dinner, we hope these analyses have provided some helpful discussion points. And while you’re at it, maybe check that you’re registered to vote. To reiterate, no matter who we elect, we must mobilize locally and nationally: ORGANIZE. VOTE. STRIKE.


Job description

  • Entry level
  • No Education
  • Salary to negotiate

Posting Details

Position Information

Job TitleAdministrative AssistantPosition TypeClassified Position Code2CHU14FTE1.0Pay Rate (or Annual Salary)$4,042.25/monthJob LocationChabot College, 25555 Hesperian Blvd., Hayward, CA 94545DepartmentArts and HumanitiesJob SummaryThe Chabot-Las Positas Community College District is seeking an Administrative Assistant for Chabot College in Hayward, California.

Under general supervision, perform a variety of general administrative, secretarial, and difficult and complex clerical duties in support of assigned program area; provide support and assistance to assigned supervisory, academic, and classified staff; serve as a liaison between the assigned area and/or assigned supervisor and other staff, the general public, students, faculty, and other campus and community officials; and provide a wide variety of reference and resource information related to assigned function or program area.

The Administrative Assistant is the journey-level classification in the administrative support/secretarial series. Incumbents are assigned to perform a wide range of administrative support, secretarial, and clerical duties independently for a program area or to provide secondary support to a large/complex administrative, academic services, or student services program area. Incumbents at this level typically receive instruction or assistance only as new or unusual situations arise, and have familiarity with the operating procedures and policies of the work unit upon completion of the probationary period.

The Administrative Assistant is distinguished from the College Clerk by the direct secretarial support the Administrative Assistant provides to a program area including providing general administrative and secretarial support to professional or management staff. It is further distinguished from the Senior Administrative Assistant classification in that the Senior Administrative Assistant class is responsible for providing support to senior management staff with responsibility for a large/complex administrative, academic services, or student services program area. The Senior Administrative Assistant classification typically reports to and is the primary position supporting a Dean or Director level administrator or provides advanced journey-level secretarial support to executive, administrative, or management staff.

1. Perform responsible secretarial and administrative support duties for assigned supervisor and program area; relieve assigned supervisor and other assigned staff of a variety of clerical, technical, and administrative details; provide assistance in organizing functions and activities that involve assigned area; as necessary and appropriate, serve as liaison between assigned supervisory staff or program area and administrators, other District personnel, and the general public.

2. Perform administrative support duties to assist the supervisor in meeting reporting requirements, functional responsibilities, and research objectives; coordinate the office work of the supervisor and/or program area; develop schedules related to office/department activities and services; review, update, and inform assigned supervisor and other staff in assigned area of essential timelines; coordinate the flow of activities through the office in relation to priorities and schedules; assure the timely completion of work in accordance with established policies, procedures, and standards.

3.Utilize electronic technology to correspond with others and to maintain assigned calendars, schedules, and appointments; schedule usage of department facilities; coordinate and arrange meetings; coordinate activities with other divisions and departments.

4. Serve as liaison and facilitate communications between assigned supervisor, other administrators, students, academic and classified staff, other offices, educational institutions, public agencies, and the general public; interact and relay information, questions, and decisions regarding supervisor’s area of assignment; refer callers to other departments or individuals as necessary; prepare preliminary responses to routine correspondence for assigned supervisor’s approval.

5. Prepare Board agenda items and supporting documents as necessary for assigned area; assure assigned supervisor receives timely notification of Board requests for information or action.

6. Perform a variety of clerical accounting duties and responsibilities for assigned area; assist supervisor in budget administration; track budget activity; post, monitor, and track invoices and other expenditures; process budget/expense transfers; prepare purchase requisitions.

7. Order office supplies and materials as directed; assure their timely receipt and storage; assure proper functioning of office equipment.

8. Participate in payroll processing functions for assigned area including to prepare payroll forms and maintain records for timesheets and various authorizations.

9. Provide staff support to standing and ad hoc committees and other groups as assigned; attend meetings and take notes or records proceedings; prepare and distribute agendas, background materials, and minutes as appropriate.

10. Answer telephones and respond to routine questions and requests for information from administrative, management, academic, and/or classified staff, students, and the general public; communicate information in person or by telephone where judgment, knowledge, and interpretation of policies and procedures are necessary.

11. Train and provide work direction to assigned student workers and other hourly workers as assigned.

12. Establish and maintain complex, interrelated filing systems; collect, compile, and record narrative, statistical, and financial data and other information; track and verify eligibility for special programs such as athletics; research and verify information as requested.

13. Type, format, proofread, duplicate, and distribute a wide variety of correspondence, reports, notices, schedules, lists, forms, and other materials according to established procedures, policies, and standards; type from rough draft, verbal instructions, or transcribing machine recordings; compose routine correspondence related to area of assignment; prepare preliminary responses to routine letters and general correspondence.

14. Receive mail and identify and refer matters to the supervisor in order of priority.

15. Utilizing thorough knowledge of various computer applications and software packages, enter, update, correct, and extract information; maintain and generate reports from a database or network system.

16. Maintain current working knowledge of applicable hardware and software applications.

17. Perform related duties as required.

Minimum Education and ExperienceAny combination of the following would provide a typical way to obtain the required knowledge and abilities.

Equivalent to the completion of the twelfth grade supplemented by specialized training in secretarial science, office automation, or a related field.

Two years of increasingly responsible clerical and secretarial experience involving a high level of public contact, use of computer and office applications, and providing secretarial support to a program area and/or management staff.

Knowledge of:

1. Operational characteristics, services, and activities of the functions, programs, and operations of the assigned office.

2. Work organization and basic office management principles and practices.

4. Basic principles, practices, and procedures of fiscal, statistical, and administrative record keeping.

5. Principles, practices, and procedures of business letter writing.

7. Basic research methods and techniques.

8. Basic mathematical concepts.

9. Principles and techniques used in public relations including methods and techniques of proper receptionist and telephone etiquette.

10. Interpersonal skills using tact, patience, and courtesy.

11. English usage, grammar, spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary.

12. Oral and written communication skills

Ability to:

1. Learn and understand the organization and operation of the assigned office and/or department as necessary to assume assigned responsibilities.

2. Learn, understand, interpret, and apply administrative and office policies and procedures as well as pertinent laws, regulations, and ordinances.

3. Perform a range of administrative, secretarial, and clerical duties involving the use of independent judgment.

4. Independently compose and prepare routine correspondence and memoranda.

5. Prepare a variety of clear and concise administrative and financial records.

7. Type or enter data at a speed necessary for successful job performance.

8. Take and transcribe dictation, if required by the position, at a speed necessary for successful job performance.

9. Implement and maintain filing systems.

10. Train and provide work direction to others.

11. Establish, review, and rev

  • hardware
  • payroll
  • software
  • storage
  • word


A group of fishermen and women with two children fish on the banks of the Tiber, with the Ponte Sant’Angelo and Hadrian’s Tomb (Castel Sant'Angelo), a symbol of Imperial Rome, in the background.

Swiss painter Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros, who lived in Rome from 1777 to 1792, specialised in producing views of the city and its surroundings for the Grand Tour market. His works are characterised by a precise depiction of topographical details and by a sense of the grandiosity of Roman architecture that reveals Piranesi’s influence. Grand Tour travellers often found Roman street life as interesting as the remains of the city’s glorious past, which provide the setting for the picturesque scene in the foreground of this view from the King’s Topographical Collection.


Stock Trading: Your Portal To The Market

The stock market has been a cause of plenty of problems. Baby boomers understand how it works and how to take advantage of it. Or when to avoid it altogether. When companies launch their IPOs, the public gets a chance to invest. This requires them to access companies’ shares to build a portfolio of their own.

That’s where a share broking company comes into the picture.

As a company that handles money day in day out, you need to take plenty of things into consideration. But one of the crucial things to consider is the software you are going to use.

You need to begin with a CRM. Now, of course, this needs to be a multi-layered CRM of an enterprise level. The ideal choices for long term scaling are Microsoft’s Dynamics 365 CRM and Salesforce. You can also start with a small-scale CRM like SuiteCRM or Sugar. On top of this, you will need to have a trading portal to give access to employees so they can handle clients and their portfolios. It is important to define the CRM so we can base the features off the inbuilt features available with that particular CRM.

- Portfolio management

- Quote view of each stock

- Customized news module

- Alerts for transactions

- Emails

Portfolio management:

Your portfolio managers would have clients allotted to them. A customer portal will give access to both of them. Customers can see their stocks, their current market value, the number of stocks they have of each company, etc. This module can also show them a sum of all the shares they own and how much it amounts to.

This way your end users get a dedicated place to grow their investments, as well as learn more about investing. It gives them quick insights into their portfolio.

Quote view of each stock:

With just a click, customers can get the quote of each stock that they own. This gives a comprehensive view of the day’s highest and lowest prices and thus helps make decisions about the stock they might want to buy or sell.

The end user can compare and therefore get an average of the day’s fluctuating prices. Then they can set their benchmarks for buying and selling based on that. They can take a more calculated action because of this.

Customized news alert:

Getting updates about the companies that they invest in is crucial. Sometimes, companies give bonus shares or dividends on shares they own. Apart from this, whatever actions the companies take tend to affect their stocks and in relation to that the market as a whole. This is why a dedicated news section is necessary, which can give overall stock market news and allow users to curate it based on their interests.

Such alerts help users when it comes to knowing various business details of companies, like their mergers, acquisitions, dissolutions, bankruptcy filing, etc.

Alerts for transactions:

Transacting stocks on such a portal can be highly convenient. You allot shares to sell at a certain price point and if their market value touches that price point, the shares will be sold. The buying process works similarly. It can take about a couple of days for the transactions to reflect in the account.  Therefore, a push notification on the phone or an email for the transaction can help the customer keep track of their investments. Such notifications act as reminders to clients. Emails also work as proof of transactions.

As a broking firm, you can send out emails to your customers regarding a weekly report of the market, upcoming IPOs, and announcements by companies that are likely to cause changes in the stock price. You can also send curated tips on the best trade practices as well as good companies to invest in. The email module can be predefined to include certain elements, which you can modify and customize if you want.

These emails give the customers a little something extra and can go a long way in building trust. They get an overview of the market for the week, and learn new ways to enhance their investments.

Let’s talk about some more features that the trading portal can have and should have:

- Your trading portal should be secure. It will be handling a huge number of customers and their sensitive data, like bank account details and stocks.

- It will have to be user friendly so that it doesn’t mislead customers into taking any action that they don’t fully understand.

- The portal can have a knowledge base section where customers can gain knowledge about the stock market, benefits of trading, how to manage portfolios, etc.

- It should have a role-based access module so that each employee can have access to their own customers and the overall managerial access can stay with the managers.

- End users get a neat dashboard upon logging in. This can show them their last transactions, their allotted funds, the sum of their invested funds, current market rate, the rate of precious metals, etc.

- The portal can also be available in multiple languages if you have the requirement. In a country that speaks more than one language, this can be highly beneficial.

Trading stocks encourages rotation in the economy. As a broker, you earn from the brokerage you get when your customers make transactions. The better, more secure your trading practices, more customers will be willing to invest with you.

As far as your clients are concerned, trading in the stock market makes them a small percentage owner in companies. It is beneficial for all parties involved, both monetarily and regulatorily. For brokers, it is a business that is both lucrative and risky. This makes it crucial to have top of the line tools. A CRM customer portal, when customized well, is a premium option as such a tool.

About CRMJetty:

CRMJetty makes innovative customer engagement solutions and portals, and our Dynamics CRM customer portal is one of the gems. If you are in the market for a trading portal, contact us for a customized solution.


Emergent quasicrystals in strongly correlated systems

Emergent quasicrystals in strongly correlated systems

Eran Sagi Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel    Zohar Nussinov Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A. Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

Commensurability is of paramount importance in numerous strongly interacting electronic systems. In the Fractional Quantum Hall effect, a rich cascade of increasingly narrow plateaux appear at larger denominator filling fractions. Rich commensurate structures also emerge, at certain filling fractions, in high temperature superconductors and other electronic systems. A natural question concerns the character of these and other electronic systems at irrational filling fractions. Here we demonstrate that quasicrystalline structures naturally emerge in these situations, and trigger behaviors not typically expected of periodic systems. We first show that irrationally filled quantum Hall systems cross over into quasiperiodically ordered configuration in the thin-torus limit. Using known properties of quasicrystals, we argue that these states are unstable against the effects of disorder, in agreement with the existence of quantum Hall plateaux. We then study analogous physical situations in a system of cold Rydberg atoms placed on an optical lattice. Such an experimental setup is generally disorder free, and can therefore be used to detect the emergent quasicrystals we predict. We discuss similar situations in the Falicov-Kimball model, where known exact results can be used to establish quasicrystalline structures in one and two dimensions. We briefly speculate on possible relations between our theoretical findings and the existence of glassy dynamics and other features of strongly correlated electronic systems.

The effects of commensurability appear in an extensive set of strongly correlated systems that, amongst many others, includes the high-temperature cuprate superconductors Tranquada et al. (1995); Yamada et al. (1998); Zaanen and Gunnarsson (1989); Schulz (1990); Kato et al. (1990); Emery and Kivelson (1993) and the fractional quantum Hall systems Tsui et al. (1982); Laughlin (1983). These effects often arise from an intricate interplay between the inherent length scales of the system and restrictions, e.g., those concerning magnetization or total particle number. Depending on such externally imposed constraints, distinct phases may arise. This dependence may have strong consequences for the nature of excitations and criticality in such systems.

To motivate the quintessential physics investigated in this work, consider strongly interacting particles placed on the sites of a periodic lattice of sites. In a continuum rendition of such a theory (i.e., one in which the particles do not need to occupy lattice sites), when the interactions are long-ranged and repulsive, homogeneous Winger-crystal type Wigner (1934) structures will be energetically preferred; the periodicity of such a Wigner lattice will be set by the density and the particle interactions.

In this study, the particles will be constrained to reside on the discrete sites of another spatial structure – the underlying periodic crystal. The latter lattice defining the theory may be incommensurate relative to the basic periodicity of the ideal Wigner lattice. The mismatch between the externally imposed lattice spacing and the energetically favored Wigner lattice length scale may spawn complex superlattice structures, which may spontaneously break the original lattice translational symmetries (as well as rotational and other point group symmetries).

Figure 1: A finite patch of the electronic quasicrystal that emerges in the 2-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model. Notice that while the particles reside on a periodic lattice, the resulting structure must be aperiodic due to the irrational filling of the system. However, the strong interactions trigger a long range ordered quasiperiodic structure, as revealed by the point-like diffraction pattern. Our results indicate that such quasicrystalline structures appear quite broadly in clean strongly correlated systems which exhibit the type of irrational frustration we describe.

In systems where the average number () of particles per site is irrational, simple periodic order is prohibited. Nevertheless, long range interactions may still favor the formation of structures with some form long-range correlations, even in the absence of periodicity.

As the above arguments hint, strongly interacting systems at irrational filling fractions may exhibit rich structures (and ensuing physical characteristics). Indeed, even deceptively simple-looking Ising and other models Elliott (1961); Bak and von Boehm (1980); Fisher and Selke (1980); Selke (1988); Gendiar and Nishino (2005); Bak and Bruinsma (1982); Chayes et al. (1996); Giuliani et al. (2006); Chakrabarty and Nussinov (2011); Giuliani et al. (2013); Giuliani and Seiringer (2015) harbor a plethora of highly nontrivial ground states and dynamics van Beijeren (1990) with devil staircase structures. Frustration effects between incommensurate length scales were additionally shown to induce incommesurately modulated crystals in various classical systems Frenkel and Kontorova (1938); Janssen (1995). It was further demonstrated experimentally that similar effects stabilize incommensurate composite crystals Lefort et al. (1996); Smaalen and Harris (1996); Weber et al. (1996). Related effects appear also in quantum systems, e.g., the frustration between the lattice and magnetic length scales in the Hofstadter problem Hofstadter (1976) gives rise to a fractal spectrum Dean et al. (2013).

As we will describe in this work, naturally occurring strongly correlated electronic systems and other quantum theories having only ubiquitous kinetic hopping, Coulomb, and spin exchange interactions may, quite broadly, harbor largely unexplored emergent quasicrystalline structures for irrational filling fractions (without spin-orbit terms explored in interesting recent studies Gopalakrishnan et al. (2013); Lifshitz (2014); Sandbrink et al. (2014); Gopalakrishnan et al. (2014)). For instance, as we will demonstrate, even on periodic one- and two-dimensional ionic lattices, interactions may render the underlying electronic structures to be quasicrystalline. The peculiar phenomenon of emergent quasicrystals (QCs) may trigger behaviors not typically expected of translationally invariant systems.

These new predicted emergent electronic (and other) quantum quasicrystalline structures notably differ from quasicrystals discovered long ago in metallic alloys Shechtman et al. (1984); Levine and Steinhardt (1984, 1986) and intensely studied in the decades since. In the celebrated metallic alloy quasi-crystalline systems, the underlying ionic structure is, on its own, already quasi-periodic and may be further stabilized, in some cases, by electronic effects Martin et al. (2015). By contrast, in the systems studied here an effective quasi-crystalline electronic (or other) structure emerges on periodic ionic or optical lattices.

In general, quasicrystals are aperiodic structures with well defined Bragg peaks Shechtman et al. (1984); Levine and Steinhardt (1984, 1986), i.e., the Fourier transform of the density takes the form

where the reciprocal vectors are combinations of basis vectors, and the coefficients are integer valued. QCs differ from periodic crystals in that exceeds the spatial dimension Mermin (1992); Lifshitz (2011).

A direct consequence of the above is that these structures have global symmetries, , satisfying Rigid translations are described by linear combinations of . The remaining independent phases describe additional global rearrangements that generate distinct QCs with identical statistical characteristics. These symmetry operations, having no analogs in periodic crystals, are called phason symmetries Bak (1985). Phason symmetries will play a key role in our investigation.

Quantum Hall systems at irrational filling factors. To concretely describe our results, we first study the quantum Hall effect at an irrational filling and demonstrate the emergence of quasiperiodic structures. We predict that while these states are unstable against disorder, as evident from the observation of quantum Hall plateaux, one may, nonetheless, see signatures of the underlying quasiperiodic structure by looking at increasingly cleaner samples. Furthermore, as we will explain, similar phenomena appear in a system of cold Rydberg atoms, where disorder is absent and emergent quasicrystalline structures can be more crisply observed.

We focus on the so called “thin-torus limit”, in which the planar Quantum Hall (QH) system is mapped onto a one-dimensional (1D) classical problem Tao and Thouless (1983); Thouless (1985); Tao (1984); Bergholtz and Karlhede (2005); Seidel et al. (2005); Bergholtz and Karlhede (2008). The original two-dimensional (2D) fractional quantum Hall (FQH) Hamiltonian admits a natural 1D description within the guiding center representation, in which the single-electron wavefunctions are labeled by a 1D momentum momentum index . In the Landau gauge, for example, the momentum in the direction controls the average position in the direction.

Remarkably, when placing the FQH system on a torus for which the circumference associated with one of its directions (the “-direction”) far exceeds the system size along the other transverse (“”-) direction, the overlap between adjacent wavefunctions diminishes and the 1D model becomes classical. Specifically, the remnant non-vanishing terms lead to

where the natural numbers denote the occupancies of respective states . The projected interactions take the form

where is the coulomb interaction.

Notwithstanding the formal simplicity of Eq. (2), much nontrivial physics in captured by this classical Hamiltonian. Fortunately, a general solution for this problem exists. Assuming a general repulsive interaction which satisfies and vanishes as , a prescription for generating the ground state configuration corresponding to any rational filling was presented in Ref. Hubbard (1978). This general recipe illustrates that the ground states are periodic, with a unit cell of size . Examples of the ground state configurations corresponding to various rational filling fractions are provided in Table (1), the third column of which presents the pattern of consecutive values in a unit cell. We observe that in general, FQH states cross over into classical periodic states as we approach the thin-torus limit. Remarkably, some of the topological properties of the original FQH states, such as the fractional charges, are encoded in those periodic structures Tao and Thouless (1983); Thouless (1985); Tao (1984); Bergholtz and Karlhede (2005); Seidel et al. (2005); Bergholtz and Karlhede (2008).

Configuration Sequence
Table 1: The ground state configurations corresponding to 1D systems whose filling factors are given by the sequence , where is the ’th Fibonacci number. The first and second columns present the index and the corresponding value of . The third column presents the unit cell of the ground state configurations in the occupation basis, and the fourth column presents these in the compact notation and .

Thus far, we largely reviewed the properties of the ground state in the thin torus limit. We now explicitly turn to our new results associated with irrational filling factors . As an illustrative example specifically associated with Table (1), we set equal to an archetypal irrational number, , where is the reciprocal of the golden-ratio, .

A sequence of rational numbers that converges to is provided by , where is the ’th Fibonacci number ( with ). Using the general prescription of Ref. Hubbard (1978), we may then generate the periodic ground state configurations for any such fraction. The unit cells corresponding to are presented in Table (1). Pursuing Table (1), one observes that two adjacent occupied sites are always separated by either one or two empty sites. We verified that this persists for higher values of as well. The ground state configurations can therefore be compactly encoded by combinations of the strings and as presented in the last column of Table (1).

Interestingly, we find that the th unit cell may be iteratively generated from the th cell via the inflation rules , . Remarkably, these are the very same inflation rules defining the Fibonacci QC Senechal (1996); Lifshitz (2002). To verify that the ground state configuration tends to that of the Fibonacci QC in the irrational limit, we numerically compute the Fourier transform of the function corresponding to (for which the unit cell is of length ).

Figure 2: The Fourier transform of the occupation in the ground state configuration corresponding to , whose unit cell is of size 1597. For comparison, the red squares represent the Fourier components of the Fibonacci quasicrystal.

In Fig. (2), these Fourier weights are contrasted with the Fourier components of the Fibonacci QC (whose Bragg peaks are located at , where is an integer, and Fourier weights can easily be calculated analytically Sagi and Eisenberg (2014)). Aside from small amplitude fluctuations, which asymptotically tend to zero as increases, the two diffraction patterns coincide to a very good approximation.

The above numerical evidence indicates that in the limit, the ground state configuration coincides with the Fibonacci QC. The realization of a QC structure has immediate physical consequences. This is so as QCs exhibit the earlier noted continuous phason symmetries. These symmetries become transparent when writing the Fourier components of the density in the form

where the phason symmetry is manifest as a invariance under changes of the phase .

Low energy excitations for general interactions. We now describe the low lying excitations about QC ground states for disparate potentials . Such excitations result from effective long-range spatial variations of the phase . However, as is a globally defined quantity, any such description poses a fundamental difficulty. Heuristically, however, we may partition the system into large patches whose linear spatial size is still much smaller than the scale of change in . As is essentially a constant on the scale of a single patch, it can be defined locally by calculating the Fourier-transform of the density in that region. This intuitive idea can be implemented formally with the aid of the Local Fourier Transform (LFT) Sagi and Eisenberg (2014),

where is a weight function that is equal to unity in a region of linear size centered around the origin, and vanishes otherwise. The parameter is defined as . Pictorially, indeed describes the Fourier transform of inside a patch of size , centered around the point . In terms of the LFT, we can write the low energy excitations as

where is a slowly varying function . Writing the Hamiltonian in terms of the Local Fourier components, and invoking Eq. (6), we obtain

Figure 3: Phason excitation energies as a function of , for

Here, we approximated . The sum over can be performed analytically, as shown in the supplemental material Sup ().

For a given interaction , the energy associated with the low-energy configurations can be evaluated directly from the resulting expression. To illustrate this, we plot in Fig. (3), the energy corresponding to . For this interaction (and other potentials of the form Sup ()), we obtain a non-analytic energy dependence of the form

for small . Thus, in the limit of strong interactions the system is gapless, in agreement with the Goldstone theorem.

As our primary model is one dimensional, the quantum fluctuations caused by inflating the torus inhibit spontaneous breaking of the continuous phason symmetry. Instead, the system may exhibit algebraic correlations of the form . Such a behavior was observed numerically in Ref. Sagi and Eisenberg (2014) in an analogous 2D classical system.

More generally, as our results indicate that the FQH states at irrational filling are gapless, these states are unstable to disorder. Such an instability is consistent with the existence of quantum Hall plateaux. In fact, we can easily use the above framework to establish the hierarchy of quantum Hall states, in which the gap (and therefore, the region of stability) of quantum Hall states of filling monotonically decreases with . This is shown in details in the supplemental material Sup ().

Despite the above instability with respect to disorder, it is clear that as the quality of samples improves, additional Quantum Hall plateaux emerge, serving as approximants to the underlying quasicrystalline patterns.

Quasicrystals in an ultra-cold atomic system. Following Refs. Sela et al. (2011); Weimer and Büchler (2010), we now study a system of cold Rydberg atoms placed on an optical lattice (of arbitrary spatial dimensionality). These disorder free systems are natural candidates for observing the emergent quasicrystalline structures that we find. We assume that each site contains exactly one particle. Using an external laser, a transition from the ground state to an excited Rydberg state is enabled, making each lattice site a two-level system. We note that a realization of such a setup was reported in Ref. Schauß et al. (2012).

We label the states by a pseudo-spin (where represents the ground state and represents the excited state). In terms of the spin-1/2 degrees of freedom, the Hamiltonian can be written in the form Sela et al. (2011):

Here, is the Rabi frequency, is the detuning, represents the repulsive interactions between excited atoms (which can be, e.g., of the dipole-dipole type, for which ), and the parameter quantifies the hopping of excitations. In realistic experimental setups the largest scale is , prompting us to start by neglecting all other terms. Once we do that, it is clear that the ground state is polarized, with for all . If we introduce a non-zero positive , it becomes energetically preferable to have a finite density of up-spins.

In fact, for any rational number , we can find a finite range of for which the density of up-spins is in the ground state. Notice, however, that the size of this range diminishes as increases. Taking the long-range interactions into account, and starting from the 1D situation for simplicity, the considerations used to study quantum Hall systems can be replicated mutatis mutandis, showing that the up-spins form periodic structures with a unit cell of size (see Table 1).

In particular, specializing to the sequence of densities, the resulting unit cell is of size , and converges again to the Fibonacci quasicrystal as the index increases. For any value of , there are distinct ground states differing by translations. For convenience, the different ground states are labeled by the parameter , where is an integer describing the translation with respect to some reference ground state. The parameter can take the values , and uniformly covers the segment in the limit . This notation is useful as in the limit , the parameter represents the phason symmetry of the Fibonacci quasicrystals. We represent a ground state configuration as , where is the unit cell (for example, for , we get and ).

For any finite , the low energy excitations include configurations that differ from a ground state by a set of domain walls. These can generally be represented as , where the label varies in space. Following Eq. (11), we model the energy of such a configuration as , where is a periodic function which coincides with Eq. (11) for small changes. Next, we can consider the effects of quantum fluctuations induced, e.g., by a non-zero .

We verified numerically that the smallest change in within a unit cell is reduced in real space to an exchange of spin between adjacent sites. Consequently, the term multiplying connects states of different . Assigning a state written in the basis in each unit cell, we get a term of the form where the operators are defined such that . We refer to the resulting 1D model (given by ) as a modified quantum -state clock model, in which the energy associated with spatial variations of the spin is determined by the function .

This model is in the universality class of the 2D classical clock model, which evolves into that of the 2D classical model in the limit . We conclude that arbitrarily weak quantum fluctuations demote the quasicrystalline ground state into a quasi-long-range ordered phase with algebraic correlations of the form . However, following the numerical results presented in Ref. Sagi and Eisenberg (2014), we may speculate that is typically parametrically small. Therefore, while true quasicrystalline long-range-order cannot exist in 1D, Bragg peaks can still be observed in small systems.

In higher spatial dimensions (), quasicrystalline long range order is expected to survive the introduction of quantum fluctuations. Indeed, in what follows we turn to study the Falicov-Kimball model, in which exact results may be used to demonstrate the validity of our arguments beyond 1D.

The Falicov-Kimball model. We now use similar considerations to study the irrationally filled Falicov-Kimball model. The Hamiltonian Falicov and Kimball (1969)

portrays interactions between spineless itinerant and localized electrons. Here, () is the annihilation operator of itinerant (localized) electrons at site . Alternatively, the - (or -) fermions may portray positively (negatively) charged ions (electrons) with an attractive (i.e., ) interaction. We assume that the total electron and ion numbers are equal and fixed, .

In the limit of large negative , the second term drives localized electron-ion bound states. The second term, on the other hand, favors electron delocalization, and therefore acts qualitatively as repulsive interactions between bound states. In 1D, for any rational , and sufficiently large 111Following Lemberger (1992), in 1D, the threshold minimal value () of required to stabilize period ground state is bounded by with a constant., the ions form a periodic lattice with a unit cell of size Lemberger (1992). In two-dimensions (2D) Haller and Kennedy (2001); Kennedy (1998), a periodic arrangement of diagonal stripes emerges for rational , wherein the stripe locations assume configurations identical to those in the corresponding ground states of the 1D system. A prescription for constructing the 1D ground state configurations was provided in Lemberger (1992).

These earlier rigorous results pave the way for our exact study of the irrationally filled model in 1D (and 2D). As before, we set in the large regime 222As, formally, the minimal required to enable a proof of the period stripe order may diverge as , we may consider the electron density to be a highly incommensurate fraction with a large denominator that corresponds to one of the elements in the set of rational sequence approximants , with the -th Fibonacci number.. Approximating with high denominator elements of the rational number sequence , as we have in the systems described above, and invoking the results of Ref. Lemberger (1992) (and Kennedy (1998); Haller and Kennedy (2001)), we discover structures identical to those found in the Fibonacci QC. Putting all of the pieces together, quasicrystalline type order may emerge for large denominator approximants to irrational particle densities , in two-dimensional electronic systems. A sketch is provided in Fig. (1).

As we argued above, in this case, quantum fluctuations are not expected to destabilize the quasicrystalline nature of the model. Thus, the electronic structure may, similar to a periodic crystal, reveal sharp Bragg peaks for momenta parallel to the direction of the stripes and concomitantly exhibit more intricate quasicrystalline features for momenta transverse to the stripe direction. If quantum and/or thermal fluctuations or disorder partially suppress the quasicrystalline features then the resulting momentum space patterns may be qualitatively similar to those anticipated for “electronic liquid crystals” (in particular for those of the nematic type) Kivelson et al. (1998); Fujita et al. (2014).

Conclusions. We demonstrated that QC type ground states and associated gapless excitations appear in a broad set of one- and two-dimensional strongly interacting systems. Clearly, disorder, fluctuations, and other effects may stabilize more standard commensurate orders (or destroy these altogether). One may, nevertheless, expect to find imprints of the underlying quasiperiodic structures even when these are destroyed, e.g., in the form of stable approximants with a finite (but large) unit cell as experimentally appears elsewhere Goldman and Kelton (1993). Alternatively, these effects may result in non-homogeneous systems containing puddles of approximate quasiperiodic structures.

As an immediate consequence of our results, we expect these systems to be associated with slow dynamics, due to the exceptionally long relaxation of the phason degrees of freedom. In particular, one may postulate that the very slow dynamics observed in some correlated electronic systems via NMR and NQR may be rationalized by phason-type excitations.

In general, quasicrystals may exhibit certain features similar to those of structural glasses such as stretched exponential type dynamics Dzugutov and Phillips (1995). Specifically, the structural relaxation in an equilibrated quasicrystal is composed of an initial rapid (so-called type) relaxation, which is followed by a slower ( type) relaxation with a stretched exponential behavior as in glasses. This behavior is generally associated with the phason degrees of freedom. In particular, when supercooled from high temperatures, a system that is a quasicrystal in equilibrium might become quenched into a glass just as more common supercooled liquids do. Furthermore, in metallic liquids, compositions that lead to glasses and quasicrystals often lie in close proximity to each other Kelton (2004); Devinder Singh, R.S. Tiwari (2014). In fact, certain theories consider glasses to be aperiodic crystals Lubchenko and Wolynes (2007).

Taken together, all of the above suggest that systems exhibiting quasicrystalline ground states may be unstable to (i) commensurate lock-in effects (possibly to high order approximants in clean systems) or, as underscored above, (ii) an inherent susceptibility towards glassy dynamics and aperiodic structures. Indeed, in certain strongly correlated electronic and disorder free magnetic systems, stretched exponential decay and other features of glassy (or possible other extremely slow) dynamics appear Curro et al. (2000); Park et al. (2005); Kassner et al. (2015); Wu et al. (2011); Ovadia et al. (2015).

The fate of the emergent quasicrystals that we found theoretically and imprints thereof including, notably, possible relations between our prediction of electronic and atomic QCs to experimental findings remain to be tested by numerics.

Acknowledgements. We thank Seamus Davis, Eli Eisenberg, Iliya Esin, Ron Lifshitz, Yuval Oreg, Gerardo Ortiz, Alexander Seidel, Eran Sela, and Dan Shahar for insightful discussions. We acknowledge financial support from the NSF DMR-1411229, the Feinberg foundation visiting faculty program at the Weizmann Institute, and the Adams Fellowship Program of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Supplemental Material

Energy of phason excitations for general interactions

In this part, we show that the sum over in Eq. (7) of the main text can be performed analytically, leaving us with a closed form, from which we can get the energy for any interaction .

We start from the sum presented in the text:

The coefficients can be evaluated analytically (see Appendix C of [Phys. Rev. E 90, 012105]), and take the form

Plugging this into , and performing the sum over , we finally get the result

Gap of rational approximants

As noted in the main text, we can use the framework we developed to establish the hierarchy of quantum Hall states, in which the gap of quantum Hall states of filling monotonically decreases with .

To study this, we reexamine the sequence of rational filling factors. Generating the corresponding periodic structures, and defining , it is clear that we have a finite number of independent reciprocal lattice vectors (i.e., reciprocal vectors which do not differ by terms of the form ), which can be written as

where is an integer.

The Fourier transform can therefore be written in the form

where the phase takes the values , and is an integer. Shifting by any integer corresponds to a rigid translation of the entire lattice.

For sufficiently large values of , we may examine slow spatial changes of . In terms of the LFT, this is expressed as

Following the strategy presented in the main text, the energy of such a configuration takes the form

The excitation whose energy is minimal is expected to be a domain wall of the form . Once this form is plugged in Eq. (17), and the values of are determined numerically, we obtain the energy gap as a function of .

Figure 4: The gap to excitations as a function of (at fillings ) for the interactions ().

The results of this analysis are presented in Fig. (4), where the energy gap associated with filling is plotted as a function of . The linear dependence indicates that the gap scales like , and in particular, tends to zero in the irrational limit, as shown explicitly in the main text.

Excitation energy for various interactions

We argued in the main text that the low-energy Hamiltonian

applies universally to all potentials we have checked. To illustrate this result, we present in Fig. (5) the energy as a function of for for (in addition to the case presented in the main text).

Figure 5: The energy as a function of for with (a) (b) .
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초록 close

This paper aimed 1) to compare the length of Korean geminate vs single consonant sounds produced by Korean, Japanese and Australian speakers and 2) to analyze Korean liquid geminate vs single sound pronunciations produced by Japanese learners who do not have geminate liquids in their L1. The Japanese Beginner Group, whose L1 has a length distinction between geminate and single consonants as in Korean, produced length ratios closer to those of Koreans than the Australian Intermediate Group did. This showed that L1 influence was stronger than the experience of L2 learning. Even though Japanese learners (both the Beginner Group and the Experienced Group) could well distinguish Korean geminate and single obstruents and nasals in their production, their phonetic realization of liquid geminate and single sounds was neither clear nor similar to that of Koreans. Clear phonetic, not phonological, differences in quality between similar sounds in L1 and L2 seems to be an obstacle for L2 learners which cannot be overcome in a short time. The geminate structure of the sounds seems to give L2 learners more difficulties when they produce them.


Are Relocation Clauses Still Binding in New York Divorce and Child Custody Matters?

Relocation and Child Custody Agreements

A recent case decided by the Appellate Division, Second Department, which covers Suffolk County and Nassau County Long Island as well as Queens and other counties, brought to focus the complicated nature of changing child custody matters recently. In this case, the matter of Jaimes vs. Gyerko, the father appealed an order from the family court, which granted, without a hearing, the mother’s motion to dismiss the father’s petition to modify a previous custody order. This modification asked for the father to enjoin the mother from relocating with the children to Woodbridge, Connecticut, and it asked for an attorney to be appointed for the children. In March 2014, the couples involved in this case had executed a custody stipulation which agreed to joint custody of the two children, with the mother being the primary residential custodian.

The previous agreement had a relocation clause, made by the two parties, that permitted the mother to relocate within 55 miles of her current home without advanced permission of the courts or the Father. However, in 2017, the mother informed the father that she would be moving that year, and the father filed a petition to modify the stipulation based on a change in circumstances. The father believed that at this point, the relocation, although it was within the rules of the previous 55-mile agreement, would not be in the child’s best interests. Sometimes, after a passage of time, the desire to move could be a change of circumstances that requires the approval of the court. In this case, a best interests analysis was necessary when the relocation was opposed by the non-relocating party.

The mother moved to dismiss the petition against her, arguing that the custody stipulation they had agreed to in 2014 allowed for the relocation, and the family granted that branch of the mother’s motion. However, it’s worth arguing that the Appellate Division decided that the  family court should not have granted this relief to the mother under CPLR 3211 (A) (1).  The court ruled on the principle that no agreement made by the parties can bind a court to a disposition unless the court, when weighing all the factors, finds the agreement to be in the child’s best interests. This was a little surprising at the agreement was incorporated into a Judgment of Divorce, which, in theory, is reviewed by the court before it is signed.

Child Custody Agreements and Alterations

In this case, although the parties involved had both agreed in their stipulation that the mother would be permitted to move within 55 miles of her residence, that agreement was not found to be controlling. Instead, it should only ever be considered as a factor that needs to be addressed alongside a range of other factors at a hearing in court. The court decided that it is the duty of the trial court to determine what is in the best interests of the children in any custody or visitation case. Since the court believed that enough had changed in the time that it took for the mother to decide to move outside of her residence, then a hearing is required.

Additionally, in this case, the father involved made an initial offering of evidence to the courts that suggested the proposed move by the mother may not be in the best interests of the children. In cases such as this one, where facts that are essential to determining the best interests of a child are in dispute, it’s crucial for a hearing to take place. While relocation clauses might still be useful in our mediated or negotiated divorce and child custody agreements, as a practitioner I will now be careful to warn that it very well may not be controlling.  The issue still might need to be litigated.

To learn more about child custody agreements, and arguing for child custody order modifications, please browse through the other blogs and pages on this website. If you would like to discuss the details of your own case, you contact me, Mr. Darren Shapiro, for an initial consultation, up to thirty minutes of the initial consultation is free. My office can schedule appointment either via our online contact form or over the phone at (516) 333-6555.


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Diomidis Spinellis Publications

First, Do No Harm

Diomidis Spinellis

Let’s face it: not all software developers are superstar programmers (and, trust me, not all luminary developers program in a sane way.) This means that when we maintain existing code, we must be very careful to avoid breaking or degrading the system we work on. Why? Because a failure of a running system can affect operations, people, profits, property, and sometimes even lives. Here are the rules.

Have the design and change scope reviewed. Discuss with both your manager and your users what you intend to implement, and how you plan to offer the required functionality. We developers often get carried away implementing complex functionality when the customer actually requires (or can agree to) a much simpler implementation. The reason behind this could be technological machismo, the desire to learn new stuff, the not-invented-here syndrome, or a simple misunderstanding. Through a design review, you can minimize the chance that you’ll waste effort and burden the software with needless complexity. For example, your reviewer might point out a simpler implementation that will work well enough or an existing library you can reuse to save days of work.

Follow code style rules. Inconsistently styled code is distracting to read and a pain to edit. Worse, the careless attitude it exudes can give rise to worse design and implementation sins. When developers see code that’s all over the place, they get the message that any programming sin is fair game. Therefore, find the style rules adopted in your setting and follow them religiously. If these aren’t documented, simply derive the conventions by examining similar code. And when you see code with style flaws, coordinate with your colleagues to fix them (in a commit separate from your other changes, please).

Program defensively. When you add new code, you’ll often find yourself wondering how exactly the existing system behaves. Counteract this uncertainty by verifying the assumptions you make through runtime assertions and rigorous error checking.

Maintain backward compatibility. Your interfaces to the external world are a contract you’re obliged to keep: it’s often difficult to coordinate with everyone who depends on those interfaces. This means you can’t change APIs, file formats, schemas, and service endpoint URLs arbitrarily. Ensure that you make such changes in a way that’s transparent to existing clients. (In some cases, you might even need to remain bug-compatible with the system you replace.) Make the new functionality a superset of the old one, perhaps through an adaptation layer. Versioning of interfaces and the gradual deprecation of older ones through warnings can help you manage backward compatibility over longer time scales.

Preserve architectural properties. When you stay within the realm of a single module and use code constructs similar to those that are already there, you’re probably treading on safe ground. Otherwise, you must verify that your code doesn’t breach any existing architectural properties. For instance, your code might be breaking encapsulation by exposing functionality that was private to a module or violating layering through calls to higher-level layers.

Have your code reviewed. A second pair of eyes will look at it from a different perspective, question any incorrect implicit assumptions you might have made, notice errors you may have overlooked, pinpoint style and architectural infractions you might have brushed aside, and keep you honest about the amount of testing that’s required. Don’t skimp on it; record how you resolve each raised issue, and repeat the reviews until you and your reviewer agree that you’ve resolved all the spotted issues.

Pass existing tests. If the system you modify features a testing infrastructure, verify it works correctly before you apply your changes, fix it if it doesn’t, and then use it to verify the system’s functionality after you make your changes.

Create unit tests for the implementation of the new functionality. A legacy system could well lack a comprehensive unit test suite, and creating one from scratch is often impractical. However, by adding unit tests for the new code you write, you can increase your confidence that it works as intended and will play well with the rest of the system. For extra points, try adding unit tests for any existing routines that you modify.

Beware of changed components. When you upgrade the libraries, the compiler, the framework, the middleware, the storage engine, the operating system, or the hardware on which your software runs, bad things can happen, especially if their developers haven’t followed this column’s advice. Don’t assume your software will run just fine under the new configuration—test it thoroughly.

Check for performance regressions. Evaluate the system’s performance in terms of time, storage, and (perhaps) power and bandwidth before and after your changes. Keep an eye for performance regressions that are outside acceptable limits. Also, make sure that you haven’t accidentally degraded an important operation’s time or space complexity (for example, changing the time required for an operation from linear time to quadratic).

Perform a phased rollout. First deploy on a test system to avoid breaking production systems with any serious errors that might have crept through. Once you’re satisfied, deploy so-called canaries to a small percentage of the production systems, and carefully monitor how your system performs in that environment. Only when you’re completely satisfied, roll out to the entire user base.

Have a back-off plan. Even a well-tested system and careful deployment can go catastrophically wrong. Develop a plan to quickly pull out the new system from production when problems arise. Test the plan, and don’t hesitate to abort deployment at the first sign of trouble. We developers are often optimistic, thinking that our code is always correct, and that the problems showing up in deployment are just minor teething pain. With objective criteria for when to back off you prevent (bad) judgment decisions under stress.

“Test as you fly, fly as you test.” It’s often tempting to push a tiny change to production without going through the arduous and time-consuming process of testing and phased rollout. It’s also very risky, and this is why the aerospace community operates by a simple rule: all systems that fly should be tested, and only the tested systems should fly. Repeating this motto in my head every time I had the urge to take a testing shortcut has saved me on countless occasions. I suggest you do the same.

Deploy in off-peak periods. Colleagues who work at telecoms tell me that they plan disruptive upgrades for 4 am, yet they still get calls from irate customers who complain about outages. Imagine what would have happened at a peak time! Improper timing of a release can overwhelm your support personnel, alienate customers, and cloud your decision-making ability. To avoid the temptation and external pressure to deploy during a peak period, consider setting a policy on the hours or times of the year when new deployments can (or can’t) be performed.

Coordinate with support teams. Let everybody who’s supporting your software, from system engineers to helpdesk staff, know your deployment and back-off plan, your changes, and who to contact when things go wrong. Present your plan in a meeting to make certain you’re all on the same page and that you’ve addressed any concerns support teams may have.

Have key people on standby. The main developer of a popular open source system used to issue new releases on the evening before he left for vacation. Today, this practice just doesn’t cut it. Coordinate with key developers and other engineers so that they’ll be available during deployment to advise the team on how to handle any snafus.

As you can see, “doing no harm” can be a tall order. Yet, following this guideline is a sign of professionalism and respect for your colleagues and customers.


How To Make A Good Thesis Sentence

Nov 11, 2014. They do not summarize or make general statements. They are arguments that. Without these two parts, your sentence isn't a Thesis Statement. A compact and “punchy” Thesis Statement might provide a great opening line.

It reminds me of the thesis statements I wrote for. so put those excised sentences or paragraphs in a file where you can retrieve them later.” 8. Use your theme as a guide as you write and edit.

Not only does the introduction contain your thesis statement, but it provides the initial impression of. Try this strategy to develop and narrow a thesis statement.

A thesis statement is a one or two sentence summation of the information, analysis or argument that is contained in an academic or informational article or paper. This is a good way to start a thesis statement. Step 2. Organize your information into an outline. Explain the most important information in the article using a clear, simple.

Apr 21, 2013  · The basics of writing a thesis statement or introduction sentence. Check out the tutorial for works cited page help.

Abstract Syntax Tree Tutorial The second concern is more abstract. I want to tell you about what it is like. that most universities no longer make attendance at tutorials and lectures compulsory. At other universities and in. Academia Sinica Post Office Hours is a place to share and follow research. Join 90,423,431 Academics. Academia is the easiest way

Jul 21, 2017. A strong thesis statement is key to writing a persuasive essay. The thesis statement presents your topic to the reader, provides your opinion on.

A good thesis is not merely a factual statement, an observation, a personal opinion. argument that goes beyond making non-controversial factual statements.

A thesis sentence is a sentence in the introduction that tells the reader what the topic or. a noun clause correctly will make a good impression on your reader.

What Makes Up a Good Thesis Statement? Well, a good thesis statement is a brief, down to the point statement you should back up by arguments and evidence. A thesis statement should be arguable. There are very few set-in-stone rules as to how to write a well-crafted thesis statement. Yet, there are certain elements to omit.

There is no single way to write an introduction that will always work for every topic, but the points below can act as a guide. These points can help you write a good thesis introduction: 1. Identify your readership. Before even starting with your first sentence, ask yourself the question who your readers are.

Think of your thesis as a promise you make to your reader about what your paper will argue. Crafting a good thesis is one of the most challenging parts of the writing process, A successful thesis statement makes an historical argument.

Hello, good. points, make a one-line summary of each important point in that section: Those are the minor minor points in the outline. At the top, right after the title, make a one paragraph.

Academia Sinica Post Office Hours is a place to share and follow research. Join 90,423,431 Academics. Academia is the easiest way to share papers with millions of people across the world for free. Norm Shafer/For The Washington Post CHARLOTTESVILLE. in academia to redefine the college classroom for students who pay tuition on campus. Zelikow’s U-Va. students watch his lectures

A thesis statement usually evolves only after considerable reading, writing, and. A good way to do this is to make annotations while you are reading and after.

I pushed one young faculty member to describe the context in which his thesis had been. he proceeds to make the case that the language shouldn’t matter in scholarly writing, that clarity isn’t.

The thesis or argument in the traditional five-paragraph. I’m not stupid," Aristotle, in The Rhetoric, tells us a good writer should do this in the conclusion: "make the audience well-disposed.

He was the young author of a master’s thesis on the Polish Solidarity movement. extending a tentative hand and murmuring, “Good morning, my name is Viktor Orbán. Welcome to Budapest.” Camille.

Mar 08, 2017  · From above discussion, it is clear that thesis sentence defines the standing on a subject under debate. It makes the readers clear what they expect to read in a paper. It develops the claim. Fix those arguments that distract the focus of the subject and.

Nov 20, 2017  · Features of a Successful Thesis Statement. Make sure that you have a strong argument that is able to convince your readers. Your thesis statement should always be at the beginning of the essay. This is a sentence that introduces your point, so we suggest you to include a thesis in the introduction of the essay.

Even though the thesis statement is one sentence communicating the main idea and argument to the reader, there are rules to follow and common errors to avoid when crafting a strong thesis statement. Alyssa Sellors, Demand Media. So here’s how to write a good thesis statement. 1. Answer the prompt

Good thesis statements for a better argumentative essay. The goal of the argument essay is to convince your readers of your viewpoint. The key to an effective argument essay is to choose a debatable topic that you can support with evidence (usually from credible outside sources).

The reason I mention this is to highlight the fact that whether or not you’re shooting commercially or for fun, the model you’re most likely contacting is trying to make a. feel it’s a good idea to.

Writing a thesis statement is a crucial point for your paper. Below given are some expert written hints on how to create great thesis statements.

Every scholarly paper should have a thesis statement, and strong thesis. This thesis draft repeats the language of the writing prompt without making a unique.

Sometimes, a few sentences tell you more about a person—and, more importantly, an ideology—than a learned thesis. That is the case with tweets. And in order to avoid doing so, they went so far as.

In many occasions, students are not asked directly to create a thesis statement given that the lecturers assume that it is common sense to guide one's readers.

These questions are just the first half of a good pitch. You need to be the right person to write this piece Once you have a strong thesis statement on an interesting topic, please explain, in a.

Start with a great first sentence. These sentences should also set the stage for your thesis statement. The thesis statement is the subject of much instruction and training. The entirety of your paper hangs on that sentence, which is generally the last sentence of your introductory paragraph.

The thesis statement tells the reader what the rest of the paper is about. In conclusion, many options are available to students who truly want to develop better.

And you must write this opener with authority – confidently and persuasively. Writing a good introduction typically means “straightforward” writing. Not too many citations to trip the reader up. No.

Thesis. This is the argument of your essay. The point of every essay is to persuade someone of your point of view. If it’s a formal essay for school, you won’t use "I" or "you," but your thesis is still telling your opinion. The thesis statement is usually just one sentence, but it is also THE MOST IMPORTANT SENTENCE in your essay.

expanding, rewording or reworking of that thesis statement. 3) How a Thesis. A good thesis is both restricted (manageable) and unified. The shorter the essay,

I mean, the whole thesis of the book is that he’s. But yeah, I had a good cop and a bad cop, and one of them, his job was to say no to every request. And I tried to make my requests reasonable. It.

As the book notes, the quest to make. is good. One wonders whether the eggplant emoji, a shorthand for lust, discourages.

In almost any project, the path between “a good idea” and the “final. Y — even if you worked on X for your thesis.) You should lay out your arguments for Every. Single. One. of these cases before.

Quick Answer. Examples of a good thesis sentence includes a summary of the writer’s arguments about the subject of the written piece. A good thesis sentence answers a question that the body of the paper answers and explains in greater detail. The sentence should provide the reader with an overview of what the writer is trying to convey in.

Сreating your own strong thesis statements has never been so fast and simple. examples of thesis statements on the right; Click “Make a thesis statement” to.

Thesis statement is a necessary element of each academic paper. With our useful tips and tricks, it won't be an issue for you to make it winning.

Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong opinion. Make sure you that your opinion or idea is clear.

Richard Budd, research assistant, University of Bristol who sat his viva in summer 2014 and has blogged about the experience 6) It’s not like sitting at a laptop where you can edit a sentence as.

Topic Sentences Good topic sentences can improve an essay’s readability and organization. They usually meet the following criteria: 1. First sentence. A topic sentence is usually the first sentence of the paragraph, not the last sentence of the previous paragraph. 2. Link to thesis. Topic sentences use keywords or phrases from the thesis to indicate which part of the thesis will be discussed.

The thesis statement and the topic sentences provide the framework for your. techniques may help you develop a temporary or "working" thesis statement. 1.

How to Write a Good Thesis Statement. after they read your thesis statement then you need to make changes. A good thesis statement should engage your reader to continue reading. A good thesis statement will cover the subjects of your body paragraphs and nothing else. Having too broad of a thesis statement is a common mistake that some teachers will take off points for.

Uc Berkeley Academic Calendar 2019-18 In fact, he’s pursuing the opportunity to study MOOC data at UC Berkeley and match up "student frustration. picked up and used elsewhere (work that earned the initiative a Campus Technology. UC Berkeley architecture professor Nicholas de Monchaux and BLDGBLOG author Geoff Manaugh will teach a special, one-year graduate course, titled “STUDIO ONE,” focused on

But if public shaming is “well directed,” then “a lot of good can come out of it. The balance of the segment did not substantiate his thesis. As an example of the phenomenon’s ostensible upside, he.

Possible 1 Sentence Thesis: Management continues to make the right strategic. It looks like RA Capital is opposed as well, and they make a good point on questioning the ¨strategic alignment¨ of the.

Imagine trying to write a graduate-level thesis without having graduated high school. disconnect by reviewing what a marketing brief is and what goes into one. In one sentence, a brief is a.


Cryptosovereignty is the personal power, economic liberty, and political praxis that exist in bitcoin directly, crypto assets generally, and the internet widely. It is the power of any single human — no matter their station of birth, class of wealth, or creed of faith — to choose to put their economic, social, and political rights into a new digital common-wealth that is inviolable and beyond the power of any and all governments to violate.


Resume Reading — We Are Nowhere Close to the Limits of Athletic Performance

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We Are Nowhere Close to the Limits of Athletic Performance

Genetic engineering will bring us new Bolts and Shaqs.

the previous model: Carl Lewis running the anchor leg of the men’s 4x100m relay race at the 1984 Olympic Games.David Madison/Getty Images

The potential improvements achievable by doping effort are relatively modest.

Genes That Won the Fame Game

Because complex traits are controlled by so many variants, we know that there is a huge pool of untapped potential that no human—not Shaq, Bolt, or anyone else—has come close to exhausting. No living human has anywhere near all of the possible positive versions of the relevant genetic variants. The whole enterprise of competitive athletics has been, in effect, a search algorithm for genetic outliers, but it’s been running for less than a century, and it hasn’t been particularly efficient. Its approach has been to passively wait for random recombinations to produce those variants, and hope that athletic programs find the best individuals.

Now we are entering an era in which it will not be chance that configures DNA, but rather the human intellect via tools of its own creation. As our understanding of complex traits improves, genetic engineers will be able to modify strength, size, explosiveness, endurance, quickness, speed, and even the determination and drive required for extensive athletic training. Estimates of the number of variants controlling height and cognitive ability, two of the most complex traits, yield results in the range of 10,000.5 If, as a simplification, we assume that in each of the 10,000 cases the favorable variant is present in roughly half the population, then the probability of random mating producing a “maximal” outlier is roughly two raised to the power of negative 10,000, or about one part in a googol (10 to the power 100) multiplied by itself 30 times. Of course it may not be possible to simultaneously have all 10,000 favorable variants, due to debilitating higher-order effects like being too large, or too muscular, or having a heart that is too powerful. Nevertheless, it is almost certain that viable individuals will exist with higher ability level than any person has ever had.

new performance: Katie Ledecky competing in the 800-meter freestyle during the U.S. Olympic Team swimming trials.Tom Pennington/Getty Images

Freeman Dyson speculated that humans would use genetic technologies to modify themselves for space exploration.

The general adoption of gene editing technology will give this search a tailwind. Individual choices by parents are likely to increase the overall frequency in the general population of variants that boost athletic ability. This will gradually increase the population average, and enhance the extreme tail of ability. An increase in the average by one standard deviation (for example, 3 inches in male height, or 15 points in IQ), makes an individual at the 1 in 1,000 level (a 6-foot-7-inch male in the U.S. population) more than 10 times more likely.

Freeman Dyson speculated that, one day, humans would use genetic technologies to modify themselves for space exploration—making themselves more resistant to radiation, vacuum, and zero gravity, perhaps even able to extract energy directly from sunlight. Insertion of genes from entirely different species, like photosynthetic plant genes, brings a whole new meaning to the term GMO: Speciation seems a definite possibility.

Human athletic ability might follow a similar trajectory. The nature of athletes, and the sports they compete in, are going to change due to new genomic technology. Will ordinary people lose interest? History suggests that they won’t: We love to marvel at exceptional, unimaginable ability. Lebron and Kobe and Shaq and Bolt all stimulated interest in their sports. The most popular spectator sport of 2100 might be cage fights between 8-foot-tall titans capable of balletic spinning head kicks and intricate jiu-jitsu moves. Or, just a really, really fast 100m sprint. No doping required.

Stephen Hsu is the vice president for research and a professor of theoretical physics at Michigan State University. He is also a scientific advisor to BGI (formerly, Beijing Genomics Institute) and a founder of its Cognitive Genomics Lab.

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1. Dizikes, P. 3 Questions: Anette Hosoi on Engineering and the Olympics (2012).

2. Hernández Gómez, J.J., Marquina, V., & Gómez, R.W. On the performance of Usain Bolt in the 100 metre sprint. European Journal of Physics 34, 1227-1233 (2013).

3. Robertson, D. Armstrong’s Tour De France Victories (2009).

4. A conversation with George Church on Genomics & Germline Human Genetic Modification (2015).

5. Hsu, S.D.H. On the genetic architecture of intelligence and other quantitative traits. arXiv:1408.3421 (2014).

6. Crow, J.F. On epistasis: Why it is unimportant in polygenic directional selection. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365, 1241-1244 (2010).

Photo collage credits: Ledecky photo by Tom Pennington/Getty Images; O’Neal photo by Lisa Blumenfeld/Getty Images; Bolt Photo by Andy Lyons/Getty Images.

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Housing complex in Montgat

The proposal includes the most important intrinsic elements of the environment, such as the relationship with the landscape, the orientation and the presence of the neighboring buildings, in order to incorporate them into the different parts of the building. Homes are characterized by having a privileged relationship with the outside. Access routes have been conceived, not just as transition areas, but as places where they can be, socialize and enjoy the views, emphasizing the axes that lead to the sea. The green spaces are incorporated and intertwined with the geometry of the building occupying the surfaces that separate the different volumes. The facades are also sensitive to the environment, offering large hollows and terraces that are opening differently depending on the orientation and views on the environment.

3300 m²

Teresa Farras, Luciana Teodózio


Leaving the Jehovah’s Witnesses – Practical guide to next Steps

There is not a lot more daunting in one’s life than to consider leaving from somewhere you been for many years, whether it is leaving a Company that you have worked for, a club, or if you are religious, leaving your church/religious group. When you leave there is always going to be the issue of what happens to all your friends you have grown close to, as you now contemplate what to do next. In terms of a job or club, the prospects as sad as they are, are generally manageable over time, as chances are you will be able to at least keep in contact with some of your acquired friends, and it is reasonably likely you could find an alternative club/Co to join. But when it comes to religion it is a different proposition as it is more than just a place of work, or pleasure, it goes far deeper, and that is even more significant if the particular Religion is the Jehovah’s witnesses.

Why is that? Well it is because they operate a policy that requires all believers to stop associating with the person that has left, this is what we identify as “shunning.

Before going into what are the next steps, we need to first understand the JW Policy on Shunning.

There are 3 categories identified by the JW Org, and they do have different connotations

1 Drifting out of the Org, otherwise known as becoming “Inactive”

This is simply where a JW decides to stop attending meetings, field service and any other associated activities organised by JW’s.

In this case as long as you do not act in a way that would give rise to concern over your beliefs, the elders are fairly powerless to take matters further, and that means that for the time being you would not be shunned. However depending on the Congregation, the elders may contact you and try and find out why you have stopped. They will in the meantime time mark you as “inactive”.

I know in some cases where individuals have been classified as “Inactive” for years!

The important thing here is you don’t give them a reason that may justify them to take further action, eg confessing something that is in the list of criteria for “Dis-fellowshipping”. Also it is worth noting that you are under no obligation to explain anything to them.

2 Dis-Association

This is where you have taken the initiative to inform the elders that you have decided to leave the JW Org, and you may include a number of reasons for this, and this is usually served in the form of a letter. The elders will treat this in the same way as being “Dis-fellowshipped”, but it at least negates the elder’s ability to pull you into a judicial hearing, albeit they probably will request for you to meet with them, but there is no obligation to do so. Either way the elders will eventually announce this to the congregation and that all members will be asked to stop associating with this person

3 Dis-Fellowshipping

This is the most severe of the three categories, as the elders are far more involved, and will drive the whole process to its conclusion.

Here once the elders have wind of an act that is against the JW Org policy, ie falls in line with the list of reasons for Dis-fellowshipping, the elders will call the person in for questioning and this can take several hours. If at the end they are satisfied this act has been committed and you do not convince them you are repentant, then it will go to a judicial meeting (usually made up of 3 elders) and again this can take several hours and usually it is not a pleasant experience as you will be pretty much grilled. Depending on the act there may be a grace period where the elders will give you time to resolve the matter, e.g. giving up smoking. Following this meeting the elders will make a decision and usually it is to dis-fellowship the person. Again this is announced to the congregation and everyone is asked to stop all association with this person.

Latest Update: In cases where you have family that are JW’s, the Watchtower has said family can have contact with this person but only where it is over urgent family matters, eg funerals etc, but they don’t make it clear where the line is to be drawn, and what does not help is at their recent convention, it is still stressed that people that leave the Org will also lose their family and friends, so chances are your family will in fear & obedience to the WT, stop associating with you completely, and there are many testimonies to support this.

So what are the next steps when you decide to leave?

As there are so many ways you can deal with this matter, many of them can be absolutely devastating, so we would like to offer some guidance that can help make this process as painless as possible, and hopefully enable you to pick up the pieces and re-build your life going forward.

Step 1

You need a Strategy!

You need to be clear on why you decided to leave, and if possible keep it to yourself.

It will help if you can do some personal research on the matter and at the same time look more in to the Organisation that you trusted so much in the past. You owe it to yourself to find out what is the real truth, rather than simply relying on a man-made Organisation.

We highly recommend reading the Bible exclusively and look at the many websites that they provide extensive research on the Jehovah’s Witnesses. A lot of these will provide absolute evidence on the Organisation with documentable proof, so you should be able to get a pretty good picture of many of the activities that were otherwise secret from its followers. The sites will also help prove why the doctrines you believed in are in error, and what the bible is really teaching, this can be very revealing and challenging at the same time, so do take your time and make sure you are fully convinced before you move on to the next point.

Once you have built up a strong case, you will feel a lot more confident that it is the right step to make.

Here is a shortlist of recommended Sites

Step 2

Make new friends

I highly recommend you make some new friends outside of the WT, and if possible ones in particular that you can confide in. This way when you eventually leave you are not completely alone and also able to receive help along the way.

Step 3

Whether the reason to leave is based on the many abhorrent practices of the WT, or simply due to the discovery of their many false doctrines, you now need to start the “De-programming” process.

This is all about freeing yourself from the heavy indoctrination of the WT Organisation, and start becoming independent. The Org use many mind control techniques, so what will help is to develop ways to not fall back in fear/obedience of the WT. We recommend getting advice from prominent experts in this field, one of which I can highly recommend is the Leading Cult Expert & licensed mental health counsellor, Steve Hassan. He has written some brilliant books on the subject and can really help practically in getting yourself in a good mental state.

Step 4

Prepare yourself to handle JW’s close to you

Prepare yourself to be able to start explaining some of what you have researched with those that are close to you, so that at the point when they know you have left, it won’t be such a shock and they will at least have some good reasons why you made the decision, but you need to take these steps slowly. What will help is to demonstrate a good and loving nature. Where you may struggle to convince them in words you can impress them in your deeds.

Step 5

Become “Inactive”

Once you decide you want to leave, we highly recommend to choose to first become “inactive”. Slowly stop attending and reduce your ministry activity and again try not to explain too much to the Elders or any JW as this may give the leadership reason to grab you to an elders meeting before you have had chance to make your move to leave. In some cases it may be a good idea to move Congregations as part of the process.

Step 6

The Elder Confrontation

If despite every effort, you are not be successful in avoiding a meeting with the local Elders, we recommend you firstly request a reason for the meeting. Do not disclose more than what they have provided at this stage, as it will likely be counted against you and this will only make the meeting a great deal more stressful. Ultimately they can’t force you to attend, but if you decide to go, give yourself plenty of time to prepare, your additional research as explained earlier, will put you in good stead to defend your position. Be prepared with some questions as this will take some off some of the pressure and also challenge the elders with their agenda. Do not let them intimidate you, stand up for what you believe, but at the same time try to be respectful and professional. If you can walk out of the meeting with your head held high knowing that you have done nothing wrong, this will help your confidence in dealing with your departure from the Org.

Step 7

Strengthen your Faith in Christ

While you still have a love for God, it is highly recommended to spend more time in prayer and in reading the Bible alone. There is no better friend than Jesus Christ, and you will find that this the real key to a successful departure from the WT. As you read the scriptures more closely, you will discover that Christ is where you need to focus on, not the JW Org.

There is so much to gain here, namely

  1. Discover what it really means to be Saved (Romans 10:9,10)
  3. Christ has the power to help you his burden is light (Matthew 11:30)
  4. To receive all the riches of Christ in your life ( 2 Corinthians 8:9)
  5. To be truly free in your relationship with God ( 2 Corinthians 3:17)
  6. Now issue is too great for Christ (Matthew 21:22)
  7. Christ is the mediator between you and the Father (1 Timothy 2:5)

One of the issues surrounding leaving the JW Org, is that you can easily get in the state of thinking that there is no God, you want nothing more to do with Religion, or just become so rebellious that you decide to do all the things that you were deprived of for so many years. The danger here is you could end up worse than when you were a JW. This is why having a close relationship with Christ is so important.

Step 8

Physical & Spiritual Welfare – Get Support

Once it becomes known that you have left, you will need all the help you can get, and when your family/friends stop associating with you, it can be a very hard and lonely place. This in many instances has given rise to serious depression, ill health and even to the point of suicide. This is why it is important that you developed friends early on it the process, so that the step into society is not such a daunting one. You will also need spiritual help, because you will unknowingly be in a spiritual battle. Satan will know this is a time where you are very weak and vulnerable, and will do everything it can to trip you up, so this is why you need to stay close to Christ as he is the only one that has the power over the opposition. Christ has also used many Christians that provide support, and we recommend you get in touch with these groups, some of which can be found by contacting the list of web-sites provided, and they will put you in touch with someone that can help you on a personal level.

Step 9

Rebuild your Faith

Once you have developed a genuine relationship in Christ and now have a real understanding of the truth, it is time to start developing a network of Christian Friends, at this stage it maybe not a good idea to jump into the nearest Church, but instead pray about this and try and get to know a few people that demonstrate a genuine love for Christ first. The lord will always be with you and will help you find a new Church; knowing what you have gone through, it is important you make the right step in entering a Church that is truly filled with God’s Spirit.

Keep your contact with Christians that especially understand your situation, as mentioned there are many EX-JW support groups that can be found on the Internet, and many of these have members that were once a JW that have since come to Christ, and their calling is to help ones to escape from the WT and find Christ also, all part of God’s provision. These ones can really help you build your faith as they can relate to what you are going through.

Your new found faith will also help re-unite the relationship with your JW family & friends, albeit it is unlikely to be the same while they remain a JW, but at the same time with God’s spirit, there is always the hope that they may also one day leave the Organisation, and there has been many testimonies found on the above listed sites and others, to support this.

Note: The above article is in no way a prescription on how to exit the JW org, but simply provides a list of suggested steps that we feel will help you in the process. Ultimately it is Christ that will help you find the way.

Ray has personally been through and speaks with genuine experience, here is his story.

Source: WatchTower Investigated


Titanium Dioxide Application Range for Plastics Expanded

Titanium dioxide for ordinary general-purpose plastics is generally not surface-treated because conventional inorganic titanium dioxide coated with hydrated alumina is used. When the relative humidity is 60%, the adsorption equilibrium water is about 1%. When the plastic is at a high temperature, During the extrusion process, evaporation of water causes pores on the smooth plastic surface. This non-organic coated titanium dioxide is generally subjected to organic surface treatment.

Because the titanium dioxide used in plastics is different from the titanium dioxide used in coatings, the former is in a low-polarity resin and is processed by shearing. The titanium dioxide after organic surface treatment can be better under the appropriate mechanical shear force. Scattered.

The application of titanium dioxide in plastic products, in addition to its high hiding power, high achromatic power and other pigment properties, it can also improve the heat resistance, light resistance and weather resistance of plastic products, and protect plastic products from UV light. Invasion, improve the mechanical properties and electrical properties of plastic products.

Most titanium dioxide particles used in plastics are finer in size. Usually, the particle size of titanium dioxide used for coating is 0.2-0.4 Î¼m, while the particle size of titanium dioxide used in plastics is 0.15-0.3 Î¼m, so that the blue phase can be obtained. Most yellow-phased resins or yellowing resins have a masking effect.

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By Fr Ron Rolheiser
We tend to nurse a certain naiveté about what faith means in the face of death. The common notion among us as Christians is that if someone has a genuine faith, she should be able to face death without fear or doubt.

In her famous study of the stages of dying, Elizabeth Kubler-Ross suggests there are five stages we undergo in the dying process: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. Our first response to receiving a terminal diagnosis is denial: “This is not happening!” Then, when we have to accept that it is happening our reaction is anger: “Why me!”

Eventually, anger gives way to bargaining: “How much time can I still draw out of this?” This is followed by depression and finally, when nothing serves us any longer, there’s acceptance: “I’m going to die.” This is all very true.

But in a deeply insightful book, “The Grace in Dying,” Kathleen Dowling Singh, basing her insights upon the experience of sitting at the bedside of many dying people, suggests there are additional stages: doubt, resignation, and ecstasy. Those stages help shed light on how Jesus faced his death.

The night before he died, in Gethsemane, Jesus accepted his death, clearly. But that acceptance was not yet full resignation. That only took place the next day on the cross in a final surrender when, as the Gospels put it, “…he bowed his head and gave up his spirit” (John 19:30).

But, as we know, he didn’t give into that doubt, but rather, inside of its darkness, gave himself over in trust. Jesus died in faith, though not in what we often naively believe faith to be. To die in faith does not always mean that we die calmly, without fear and doubt.

For instance, the renowned biblical scholar, Father Raymond E. Brown, commenting on the fear of death inside the community of the beloved disciple, writes: