What exactly is Net Value and ways to Assess They

Net well worth are a monetary metric that will help you remain your private image of your finances inside the angle. The typical web value because of the decades, in this instance, refers to the web worth of the fresh new house regarding the You.S. separated from the number of home. Metrics generally use homes instead of individuals due to the fact children normally getting one individual otherwise several thousand some one. Web worth usually rises as we age since your income is high, you possess significantly more assets and will have less loans. Here, we shall break down online value of the generation towards the whole inhabitants of your own You.S. For those who have a lot more questions relating to online really worth, you are able to consult with a monetary mentor. SmartAsset’s 100 % free mentor matching device can also be hook up your having advisers you to definitely suffice your area.

Net well worth is a fantastic way of measuring just how Us citizens are trying to do economically as it takes into consideration what you one another individual, their assets, and you will owe, what you owe. Their assets, or that which you own, is dollars, bank account, financing levels, the new equity you’ve got of your property and much more. Worthwhile bits of accessories are included. So are one series you’ve got which have economic worthy of eg press, coins otherwise classic automobile stuff.

Your liabilities, or what you owe, are all debt, and additionally your debts on your own domestic, education loan financial obligation, credit card debt and you may one funds you’ve got a fantastic. The difference between your assets and you will obligations can be your internet value.

Should you want to calculate your web worth, you place up the worth of all you very own and subtract of your worth of whatever you are obligated to pay your creditors. The real difference will be your websites value. If we need certainly to extrapolate one to on the whole inhabitants out of the U.S., we could make sense the value of property of every family and you can deduct of the complete number those people domiciles are obligated to pay the loan providers. As a result, the web worth of the total Western population.

Average Net Worth

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When you calculate an average internet worth of the population of new U.S., the same procedure can be used with another action. Your deduct full household debt out-of complete house property for the entire inhabitants. Then, while there is multiple domestic, divide by the final amount out-of houses in addition to result is an average home websites value into U.S. populace.

It’s important to account for income difference between the steeped and worst when figuring the typical net worth of brand new U.S. inhabitants. The new Government Reserve used the last Questionnaire from Consumer Funds for the 2019, the outcome where were create inside the . For the reason that survey, it unearthed that whenever we need typically full web worthy of on You.S., it is skewed up since the top ten% away from home hold 70% of the wealth in addition to ideal fifty% out-of domiciles keep 98% of one’s riches. Otherwise to change for it, the typical net property value an american home is mostly about $748,800.

One method to obtain a good read on an average websites property value Us americans has been this new average net value of the nation’s inhabitants. The fresh new median ‘s the center level of a summary of number when they’re sorted in both ascending otherwise descending order. For many who list all households’ net worthy of on You.S., the average web worth is actually $121,700. You can find the funds disparity because of the higher difference between an average net value plus the average net worth regarding the U.S.

Mediocre Web Well worth by the Age

Websites worth sometimes rise as you become old. Numerous situations are responsible for the rise, such https://worldpaydayloans.com/payday-loans-mo/lebanon/ as doing their studies, inheritances, your earnings, household members structure, ethnicity and you may property standing. So it checklist is not thorough. New 2019 Survey out of Consumer Believe conducted because of the Government Put aside holiday breaks away websites well worth of the ages and supply an average net worth in addition to median online value because of the generation.

Early Adulthood

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If you’re within period of 18-24, the typical net really worth is approximately $28,707 therefore the median net worth is approximately $8,216. In it age group, the common web really worth by the many years was skewed to your brand new high avoid. If you find yourself anywhere between years 25-31, the common is $forty-two,388 and median is even next behind during the $seven,512.

When you’re between the period of 29-34, the average online really worth was $122,700 and also the average online value try $35,112. Within chronilogical age of 35-39, the average are $274,112 therefore the median try $55,519.

Middle age

Involving the ages of 40-44, an average internet well worth try $623,694 while the median are $127,345. When you are 45-forty-two, the typical is $761,five-hundred as well as the median was $164,197.

On the fifties, if you’re anywhere between 50-54, the average web worthy of try $897,663 in addition to median websites worth are $171,360. Anywhere between 55-59, its $step one,165,477 and $193,549 respectively.

Within period of 60 and you will 64, the average online really worth was $step one,187,730 together with median was $228,833. While you are ranging from 65-69, the common is $step one,250,679 while the average try $271,805.

In you have been in your 70s, the average net really worth begins to decline, nevertheless average net well worth doesn’t always follow. Ranging from 70-74, the common is $1,173,653 therefore the average try $258,531. Off age 75-79, the typical web value is $945,480 together with average internet value are $272,976. Of 80 yrs old and you will submit, the average websites worth is $973,141 and also the average is $235,193.


Nov 1, 2022 12 min read

Choosing From a Range of Qual Research Methods

How do I select methods that make sense for my current project?

  • Research
Amrita Kulkarni

Amrita Kulkarni
Director, Design Research & Strategy

More often than not at Highland, we find ourselves relying on qualitative Design Research methods to offer value to clients along their design adventures, whether through revealing unexpressed user needs, discovering behavioral insights, uncovering opportunities for disruption, defining a new market, or evaluating a well-informed idea. Using qual—instead of quant—methodology means we can dig deeper into real-time responses, probe motivations, immerse ourselves in participant context, and see the pink elephant in the room that needs to be talked about. This kind of research, grounded in ethnography-inspired practices, stands in contrast to market research, where the focus typically is on attitudinal data collection and quantitative approaches.

So how does our ethnographic curiosity manifest into better value for our clients? Because without the luxury to observe what’s happening in natural settings, dig deeper or bump into unexpected knowledge, we’re likely to return with predictable learning. Quantitative methods—polls, surveys, large group sessions, or questionnaires—make assumptions on possible responses, and rarely uncover insights about things we didn’t know we didn’t know. All too often, product managers at startups and incumbent organizations tell the disappointing story of failure because of unforeseen user behavior and misunderstood motivations.

While quantitative research or quantitative data is helpful in scaling an already sound understanding of users, it is a poor replacement to qualitative research in discovering user needs and related opportunities. Leveraging qualitative research methods lowers risk not only in designing new products, but also uncovers new territories for innovation previously unseen or undiscovered by the industry.

Design Research methods are driven by user behavior

So how should you get started with qualitative approaches to conduct Design Research? Qual research is more than just about reducing your participant pool or sample size. The very structure and intent of the research is different from quant methods, and there are numerous research methodologies at play. The singular driving force behind identifying methods for an upcoming project is the human behavior being studied. In the realm of Design Research, qualitative researchers’ intent is always to understand behavioral tendencies, as opposed to attitudinal inclinations.

This means we’re not asking participants what they think or prefer but seeing how they behave through participant observation. That makes it essential to attempt access to participants’ context—whether it is their homes for a study relating to family time, offices for a study about work habits, or a frequented park for a study relating to dog walking. Some Design Research methods are dedicated to conducting this kind of contextual research, and others have emerged as workarounds when the participant context is inaccessible.

Research methods also differ in the nature of the activity being researched, whether it is momentary, like when birds are being fed at a zoo, multi-step, like someone going through a college application process, or prolonged, like when farmers manage year-long agricultural cycles. Research questions are designed to keep in mind these nuances in context and possibilities for deviation during the research. See below an organizing framework for the most popular methods for a qualitative study, along with details on how some of them unfold in the field.

Understanding Different Qual Research Methods

  1. Observation

    When to Use: If you are looking to understand a specific behavior or moment in time and the participant context is accessible, you can observe the user to increase your understanding of their behavior and the impact of the surrounding environment.

    Method: Researchers can collect information by entering into the user’s environment and carefully noting what users are doing, what events are occurring, and what characterizes the physical or digital setting. During an observation, such as watching patrons choose seating in a public cafe, the researcher remains as unobtrusive as possible in order to avoid swaying user decisions. While this is called observation, the researcher should use all of their senses—such as noting the level of noise in the cafe, the smells coming from the kitchen, or the views to the street—to expand their contextual understanding. Information gathered through observation is best recorded through real time note taking to ensure memories don’t become distorted.

    Specific Value: Gathering information on user actions within context enables us to discover what is actually happening versus what users remember or perceive. It also includes the benefit of highlighting contextual factors that may impact user actions, such as the level of noise or smells in a cafe.

  1. Personal Immersion

    When to Use:
    If the user behavior is specialized or unique—whether it occurs momentarily or through multiple steps—and it is possible to carry out their actions yourself, then you can use personal immersion to expand your understanding of their motivations and build empathy for the user.

    Method: By putting yourself in the user's shoes and carrying out specific actions or activities, you can build a more nuanced understanding of the user’s behavior. During personal immersion, you will undertake the user’s actions as if you were them, whether as simple as taking out the recycling or as complex as getting a new license at the DMV. By carrying out each step yourself, you will get a clearer picture of pain points, workarounds, and outside influences.

    Personal immersion can be documented in real time through notes, pictures, voice recordings, or video recordings. However, depending on the cadence of the activity, you may be entirely focused on carrying out the user's actions and unable to record in real time. For example, when taking out the recycling, you are not likely to have moments to stop and make specific notes. In this case, it may be best to take out the recycling and immediately record your thoughts. Alternatively, while getting a new license at the DMV, you may find yourself waiting for extended periods of time, during which you can record your feelings and observations.

    Specific Value: Personally carrying out the user’s activities is a reliable method for building empathy. While we can watch someone struggle through the steps of getting their license at the DMV, there is nothing quite like experiencing the frustration or setbacks ourselves. Taking each step helps us to notice the small and big influences that impact our experience.

  1. Shadowing

    When to Use:
    If the user behavior is multi-step and the user context is accessible, you can shadow the user to study the varying contexts in which each of their journey stages plays out and pick up nuances on sequence, spatial interplay, and work-arounds along the way.

    Method: Shadowing is observing user behavior in context by following the user through specific activities, such as buying groceries, preparing a large family meal, serving it to their family of ten, and cleaning up. Occasionally, shadowing offers the opportunity to ask the user a quick question along the way such as, “Why did you do that?” or “How does that work?” These impromptu questions allow you to learn in real time and uncover user motivations that may not be apparent on the surface.

    Like observation, information gathered through shadowing is best recorded with real time notes. Added photo or video documentation can be useful as well. Because you may be busy or feel overwhelmed while shadowing, a follow up debrief with the team is useful. During this time you will record any additional observations immediately after the shadowing is complete to make sure you’ve captured all possible information.

    Specific Value: Gathering research input as the user carries out actions within their context and being able to ask the ‘why’ questions quickly while letting users carry on their activities helps uncover unexpected information such as hidden work-arounds or subconscious motivations.

  1. Talk-Alouds

    When to Use:
    If user behavior occurs over multiple steps, but their direct context is inaccessible to you, talk-alouds can help the user to shed light on the steps they are taking and why they are taking them.

    Method: Talk-alouds are when users narrate their actions, thoughts, and feelings as they carry out activities in real time. Here, detail is important and the more the user breaks down their actions and describes each step, the more you will discover about their behavior. The reason for sharing this information remotely can vary. Users across the globe can share their computer screen with you as they test a digital prototype. In the times of COVID and social distancing, users can video record the steps they take to make cafe-style frappuccinos at home. The key is that the recording is detailed, real-time narration, by the user themselves.

    Specific Value: Talk-alouds are invaluable for gaining insight into real user actions when the researcher can not be present in context. As noted, the user plays a large role in this—the more detailed the documentation, the more you will learn.

  1. Immersion

    When to Use:
    If the user’s behavior occurs over a prolonged period of time and the context is accessible to you, immersing yourself in the user’s environment can help you understand the influences at play and how they impact the user’s behavior.

    Method: Immersion is most successful when you join the user in their environment for multiple days. While in the user’s context, you can carry out a mix of other methods, such as shadowing a teacher throughout their day, observing behavior in the school cafeteria, or hosting intercept interviews in the hallways. The key is to be part of the environment for a prolonged period of time. This lets you notice behavioral details and identify typical patterns versus unique occurrences.

    Specific Value:
    Contextual immersion allows the researcher to fade into the background over time. For example, students may be on alert while being observed on day 1, but by day 3, they are likely used to the observer in the background and will revert to typical behavior. Immersion also enables the researcher to observe the context through different methods over time, revealing wider insights and more connections between user motivations.

  1. Topical Round Tables

    When to Use:
    If user behavior occurs over an extended period of time and involves a variety of user types, stakeholders, or experts, then hosting a discussion around specific curiosities or emerging topics reveal new dimensions in user motivations. These are recommended as generative conversations instead of evaluative feedback sessions like focus groups.

    Method: Topical round tables work best in small groups of 4-6 participants with varied backgrounds. Coming from different contexts may impact why users make certain decisions and how they perceive an experience, especially around a specific topic. Listening to users discuss their experiences and feelings with each other—perhaps verifying or challenging one another—will reveal a wide array of experiences to consider. Discussions are typically structured with prompts and monitored by an experienced researcher to ensure all participants, including the shyest or soft-spoken, have the opportunity to contribute. The intention is to facilitate—not moderate—the discussion.

    Takeaways from topical round tables are best recorded through live visual note-taking, such as physical or virtual post-its. Depending on the comfort level of participants, discussions may be recorded for note-taking purposes. Documenting observations post-discussion or through team debriefing helps make sure you capture all useful information.

    Specific Value: Topical round tables are especially useful in drawing out varied user experiences around the same actions. Because personal context is so formative for how we experience something, each user can have a wildly different perspective on the same actions.

Winning with Qual Research Methods

Each qual Design Research method offers nuanced value to a project and is deeply dependent on the activity being studied and the timeline in question. It’s not just about selecting from a list of interchangeable data collection methods but more about carefully crafting an approach most suited to the behavior, context, timeline, and participant profile while balancing research objectives. Therefore, it is important to understand which methods to deploy and when.

When curious about users dealing with unique circumstances, like elderly users moving with the assistance of walkers, personal immersions are a useful tool to boost empathy. When looking to disrupt a crowded industry, analogous experiences can prove to be game-changing, because it brings in perspectives from other industries with similar behaviors. In a guarded setting like hospitals dealing with patient confidentiality, scenario walkthroughs can prove to be highly effective, revealing surprises along a contextual walkthrough.

The number of research methods deployed on a given project differs greatly based on the project's intent, timeline, and budget. Highland recommends 2-5 methods to ensure a rich perspective and diverse learning.

It doesn’t end with just choosing methods

Selecting appropriate qual Design Research methods and executing the research does not alone guarantee game-changing insights—synthesizing the information is the secret sauce. Synthesis, an interpretive, meaning-finding process that distills insight from multiple research methods, is distinct from data and content analysis.

To truly deliver the value of qual research, researchers must become intimately familiar with every participant’s responses, behaviors, and the context in which they were mentioned, and cluster these debrief or field notes based on patterns of motivation, aka why, as opposed to what, meaning the topic being discussed. These clusters, based on common needs across behaviors, lead researchers to aha moments—or insights—that direct toward design opportunities. Unlike analyzing numerical data into aggregates, the process of synthesis uncovers the bigger why behind behaviors, giving form to the unsaid.

The synthesis process is time-consuming, taxing, and often the most challenging part of the journey. But synthesizing qualitative data is worth the soul-searching because it takes us to new places, crystallizing new understanding that may be hidden in plain sight.


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Which Gemstones Come From The Ocean? Corals, Pearls & more!

You may be wondering where your gemstone was originally found. A number of organic gems are created by certain animals living in the ocean. On the other hand, most inorganic gemstones form in the Earth’s crust (the outermost layer) while a few form in the mantle (the middle layer). Some of those in the mantle move up to the crust over time.

These gemstones are either mined from the crust or reach the surface of the Earth through geological processes. As you may have guessed, some of these gemstones are mined from the oceanic crust while others are deposited on the ocean bed or near the shore.

Organic gemstones that are found in the ocean are coral, calcite, aragonite, and pearls. They are created by animals – mainly corals and mollusks. Inorganic gemstones that can be found in oceans include diamonds, gabbro, serpentine, cassiterite, peridotite, and olivine.

Most of the stones mentioned above look very different in the ocean compared to their polished forms because many of them are found in raw states on the ocean bed or in the forms of shells and skeletons or coral reefs. Some of these gems have very similar chemical compositions (or in some cases – the exact same formula) but different physical structures.

Which Gemstones Come From The Ocean
Which Gemstones Come From The Ocean

If you are interested in checking out beautiful jewelry for women with pearls you can find them by clicking here (Amazon link).

Organic Gems in the Ocean

The gemstone coral comes from the “homes” of tiny marine animals called coral polyps (sometimes they’re just called corals). These animals live in huge colonies under the ocean and extract calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from the water.

They then secrete this chemical to create strong and hard skeletons around them that serve as “homes”. Each generation of corals builds on top of the homes of the previous generation which results in the formation of coral reefs, though not all corals are “reef builders”.

The dead, hardened skeletons of corals are used to make coral gemstones which can have a variety of colors ranging from transparent/white to red, pink, orange, violet, blue, and even black.

But it’s important to know that coral gemstones are a mix of several chemicals and not just calcium carbonate. This is important because different forms of pure CaCO3 are used for different gemstones.

Calcium carbonate is found in the ocean either in the form of calcite or aragonite. Aragonite and calcite have the same chemical composition (calcium carbonate – CaCO3) but have different physical structures. If you heat aragonite to a certain temperature you will get calcite.

These minerals are found not only in the skeletons of corals but also in many other marine animals and the gemstones they produce are completely different.

Therefore, coral, calcite, and aragonite gemstones share very similar chemical compositions but are in fact 3 separate gems.

Pearls - Organic Gems from Ocean
Pearls – Organic Gems from Ocean

The other type of organic gems found in the ocean are pearls (which also contain CaCO3). These gems have been used for making jewelry for thousands of years and they’re created by mollusks (a category of shellfish) – mainly oysters, clams, and mussels.

Pearls are the most expensive organic gems and their price is higher if they form in salt water rather than freshwater.

Inorganic Gemstones in the Ocean

Over half of the ocean floor is made of basalt while the rest is made of gabbro and peridotite. Gabbro is a dark igneous rock that’s often used to make tumbled gemstones.

Gabbro, basalt, and peridotite all contain a green-ish mineral called olivine, which is one of the primary components of the Earth’s upper mantle. Olivine is used to make the green gemstone peridot, which can be quite expensive in large sizes.

Peridotite, on the other hand, contains a mix of olivine and pyroxene. It gets its name from the gemstone peridot. Serpentine forms in places where peridotite undergoes hydrothermal metamorphosis (when very hot water interacts with a rock) – usually between the mantle and the oceanic crust.

When this happens, the olivine and pyroxene transform into serpentine. That’s why olivine usually turns into serpentine before reaching the surface of the Earth.

Another important gemstone that comes from the ocean is cassiterite, which is actually the main source of tin. Tin is often carried into oceans and seas by rivers and deposits near the shores.

The sediments near the shore are dredged to extract the cassiterite which can be turned into a gemstone or be used as tin. Cassiterite is also found in igneous or metamorphic rock.

Last but not least – diamonds. Diamonds are also often washed into seas and oceans via rivers. In 2017, 1.3 million carats of diamonds were recovered from the Atlantic Ocean.

Marine diamond mining is a huge industry that dredges material from under the ocean floor and then extracts the diamonds (if there are any) from the gravel.

Are marine diamonds different from land diamonds?

Yes, marine diamonds are usually of a higher quality. The reason for this is diamonds found in the ocean were transported there by rivers and this process can wreck low-quality diamonds.

As a result, only diamonds with the best quality survive and make it into the ocean. Over 90% of marine diamonds are gem quality, whereas less than 60% of land diamonds are good enough to become gems.

TIP: Hunting for rocks at the seaside is a pleasurable pastime, and there are many treasures to be found. Check out how to clean rocks from the beach in the article below:
Cleaning Rocks From the Beach: 7 Ways How to Do It Properly

What Else Can You Find in the Ocean?

I talked about tin being transported into seas and oceans but this is also true for gold which sometimes accumulates in sediments close to the shores. Magnesium and titanium can also be found in these areas.

But it’s important to keep in mind that deep-sea mining is expensive and it’s often not profitable to extract these materials from the ocean.

Are Ocean Gems Expensive?

First of all, regardless of where the gem comes from, the price of a gemstone depends on numerous factors such as size, purity, luster, clarity, color, and cut. Find a summary table for typical ocean gems and their prices:

Ocean GemPriceAmount
Calcite (tumbled) $1 – 5 pcs
Aragonite (tumbled)$1 – 5pcs
Gabbro$3 – 10kilogram
Serpentine (tumbled)$10 – 20pcs
Cassiterite$50 – 300carat
Peridot$50 – 400carat
Pearl$10 – 100,000pcs
Coral$10 – 300,000100 grams
Diamond$100 – 1,000,000pcs
Ocean gems and their prices

Calcite, aragonite, and gabbro are quite cheap since they are abundant all over the world. You can buy tumbled calcite or aragonite for a couple of dollars (or their crystals in raw form for the same price).

Gabbro is sometimes even sold in kilograms rather than separate pieces. Serpentine is also in a similar price range (hand-sized tumbled serpentine can be bought for under $20).

TIP: You can tumble calcite on your own, it is quite easy and you can enjoy some fun. I wrote an article on how to tumble calcite, you can read it here:
Can You Tumble Calcite? Be Careful and Follow These Tips!

Cassiterite crystals are slightly more expensive than calcite/gabbro/serpentine but are usually not as expensive as peridot (small crystals can be bought for $50-$300).

Peridot is more expensive than calcite, aragonite, gabbro, and serpentine. Depending on its weight, cut, color, and clarity, the price of a peridot can range from $50-$400 per carat.

The value of pearls mainly depends on whether they are natural or cultured. Natural pearls are much more expensive and if they grew in saltwater – then they’re even more valuable.

The other factors that come into play are the nacre (the smooth surface – the thicker the better), the color, the size, the shape (round pearls are the best), the luster, and the surface (fewer marks and flaws make it more expensive). One strand of very high-quality pearls can be worth over $100,000.

There are 2 types of coral – reef coral, which grows in shallow water and isn’t used for making jewelry, and precious coral, which is found in deep waters and is used in the jewelry industry.

The most expensive of precious corals is red coral, but it’s not just the color that decides the prices – the purity also matters. 100 grams of high-quality red coral can sell for over $300,000.

Diamonds that have symmetrical cuts, very few or no inclusions, and no color (or close to colorless) can be extremely expensive, the most expensive ocean diamonds can be worth over $1,000,000.

TIP: Diamonds are of the most valuable minerals in the world. Do you know how to recognize other valuable rocks and minerals? Read these 6 signs to know valuable rocks and minerals:
6 Signs That a Rock Is Valuable + Examples & Location Tips

Which of These Gems Are Mistaken for Other Gems?

Serpentine is sometimes confused with jade, verdite, and certain types of onyx.

Gabbro gemstones are often found under the names of “indigo gabbro” or “mystic merlinite” but indigo gabbro is one specific type of gabbro that’s mined in Madagascar and is relatively new.

If you search for gabbro gems you will mainly find indigo gabbro. These are sometimes mistaken for dendritic agate (merlinite).

Peridot is sometimes mistaken for emeralds or green topaz.

Coral can be confused with carnelian or rhodonite (though this is rare).

FAQ about Ocean Gemstones

Still did not find the answer to your answers about gemstones from the ocean? Find frequently asked questions in the section below:

Which stones are often associated with the ocean?

Abalone (which is actually a collective name for a range of sea snails and gastropod mollusks and their shells are sometimes turned into gemstones), beach stones, ocean jasper, agate, aquamarine, amazonite, aqua aura, chrysocolla, moonstone, larimar, opal, and moonstone.

Is there platinum in the ocean?

Yes, there is a lot of platinum dissolved in seawater but extracting it would be very time-consuming and expensive. There is an estimated 300,000 tonnes of platinum in all of the oceans of the world which is worth approximately $16 trillion. But after processing this platinum you would be left with about a thousand times less platinum.

Can you find gemstones on the beach?

Yes, it’s a common occurrence to find ordinary rocks as well as semi-precious and precious gems on beaches. They can occur naturally in the area or be carried ashore by the tide. Examples of stones found on beaches include agates, amethysts, jaspers, serpentine, and olivine as well as basalt, granite, quartz, flint, schist, and other rocks.

TIP: One of the most enjoyable ways to rockhound is taking a stroll along the coast, looking for interesting beach rocks. Find out the most common beach rocks in the article below:
25 Most Common Rocks on the Beach: How & Where to Find Them?


Color is perhaps the most important aspect of your visual language and can be the most complex. Color has the potential to engage a viewer more powerfully than any other design element; it can override all other considerations in a design. This most important fact to remember about color is that it is a property of like rather than the object itself. Objects have no color of their own, but rather the ability to reflect certain rays of light which are perceived as a
certain color. As light changes, color changes.

Many scientists throughout history have studied the phenomenon of color. Sir Isaac Newton was the first to discover in 1666, that pure while light could be divided into different wavelengths of color through the use of a prism. By refracting a small beam of sunlight through a prism, he was able to project bands of colors onto a white surface. What he found was a rainbow like spectrum of color in the following order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet.

In doing this, Newton was able to prove unequivocally that color is light and that all of the colors we see in the world around us are contained in sunlight as individual wavelengths.


30 Days to Better Leadership

coaching skills for leaders

We all want to become better leaders, because leadership is about making a real difference in the world. We don’t want to just manage people, but lead them.

If a management course or a coach isn’t in the budget and your company hasn’t done 360-degree reviews in years, you still can improve. AZ magazine worked with leadership strategist, facilitator and coach Dean Newlund to create a special month-long program for their readers. You can start becoming a better leader in 30 days — weekends off, of course.

Newlund, the president of Mission Facilitators, works with CEOs and executives from companies such as TGen and Honeywell. But the principles of extraordinary leadership can be helpful whether you’re a senior executive or a midlevel manager.

The backbone of great leadership is to create a vision and a process to get there, he says. “We’ve got to move beyond survival even in these times.”

You might start from the beginning and follow through this four-week plan. You might pick one section to work on each month. You might grab days 3, 14 and 19. Or you might skip ahead to leading change if that’s what you’re going through right now. “Or you might find that the reason you’re having trouble leading a team is because you’re not leading yourself,” Newlund says, so start at the beginning.

Some ideas will take an hour and you can do them on your own; others will take longer and will involve other people. But just dedicating yourself to improving your leadership skills is a start. Here are things to do each weekday this month:

Day 1

Ask five of your most trusted friends, colleagues or family members these simple questions: “What are my greatest strengths, where can I improve and what should I do differently?”

Day 2

Before you start each week, schedule your work, not just your meetings.  Also, make a list of daily rituals designed to keep your energy level high.  (For example, eating right, exercise, sleep, time with a good book, etc.) Place a check mark at the end of each day next to those completed activities. Add work rituals.  (For example, compliment someone on good work, read industry news or make sure to walk the floor.)

Too often, our calendars get full with commitments that others ask us to do. Those get done first, and the most important things, the things that are more strategic and help us plan for the future, our work-life balance, get done second or not at all.”

Day 3
Build Accountability:

Day 4
Improve Your Emotional IQ:

The next time you assess what caused a painful discussion, break it down into three areas: What do I own about this situation? What should they own? What perception do they have of me that I still need to manage?  Sometimes we place undue blame on ourselves or the other person. So ask yourself those three questions.  We need to be better at becoming our own PR agency. We need to get the right information out there. Sometimes we think our work will speak for itself, but sometimes the work doesn’t speak loud enough.”

Day 5
Build Confidence:

The next time someone praises you for the work you’ve done, fully accept it and say thank you. Does this sound like advice from Oprah Winfrey? We often don’t accept praise, because we don’t feel like we deserve it.

Confident leaders breed confidence in others.”

Leading another.   Once you have become confident in your leadership of yourself, you are ready to move to leadership of other. To start, it’s important to trust that others will do the work as well as you do. This is sometimes easier said than done, especially for new managers. They may struggle with getting work done correctly and developing others. The key to accomplishing both is mentoring others to do what you do.

Day 6

Turn off your inner monologue. Focus on what is the true meaning behind their words. What are they not saying? What do they value most?

We can disagree and understand  — they aren’t mutually exclusive. However, when a leader truly listens and understands another, they create an environment for trust and new ideas.”

Day 7

Adjust your communication style to match the style of another, so the content of your message isn’t rejected by how it is presented.

We all have different ways to communicate with others, and ways we want others to communicate with us. In sales, studies have found that if a sale doesn’t go through, it’s not because the product or the service is wrong, but because the style of the salesperson rubbed the customer the wrong way. Flexing our communication style applies to all of us because we’re selling ideas.

This might mean slowing down your speaking, talking about out outcomes theories or maybe adding historical data to a PowerPoint presentation. This doesn’t mean being a chameleon or doing something that just isn’t you. Look for clues and adjust your communication style to match theirs. And if you’re totally lost, simply ask them, “How do you like to be communicated to?” (To help discover your communication style, go to www.MFILeadership.com).

Day 8

Delegate a project to a person who is willing and able to do the task. Help the person learn and problem-solve by asking open-ended questions, and avoid giving the answers. Set clear, measurable expectations.

Sometimes there are gopher-type projects to delegate, such as, “Do these tasks exactly as I describe.” At times, this is appropriate. Other times we need to delegate a project by clarifying the outcomes and allowing the employee to figure out the rest. This is a big step toward maturing as a leader, Newlund says.

“It’s hard to trust, especially if I’m delegating a task or a project that I’ve done for years. It’s easy to think: ‘What if they don’t do it as well as me? What if they fail? If they fail, I fail, so maybe I should just do it myself.’ However, with clear expectations and the right amount of support, leaders and their employees can be successful in their expanding roles.”

Day 9
Recognize Another:

Publicly recognize one person’s success. Clearly state what she did, how she did it, and the impact she had on others.

Day 10
Develop a Career Plan:

Ask someone about her career goals and then develop a game plan to help her reach those goals. Don’t wait for the annual review, Newlund says. Too much happens between them. Career-development meetings need to be dynamic.  Find out what truly motivates your employee. What are her personal and professional dreams? Together assess the competencies and experiences she needs to get there. Then, identify projects that will require her to learn and develop those competencies

Leading a team Once you can lead one person, you’re ready to take on a team. Build on the skills you’ve learned and take them to a larger group.

Day 11

Ask your team members what they think are the team’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. From that, identify common themes that will help you establish goals and strategies.

Day 12

Ask your team what it thinks the team’s mission is. Facilitate the discussion by asking everyone to answer these questions: Who are we, what do we do, for whom do we do it, how do we do it and why do we do it? Then combine the answers to create a compelling mission statement. You and your team may already know the company mission statement. But there are missions unique to each team. This is helpful, too, if you are creating a new team.

Day 13

“Turn off your inner monologue,” Newlund says. “Focus on what is the true meaning behind their words. What are they not saying? What do they value most?  We can disagree and understand  — they aren’t mutually exclusive. However, when a leader truly listens and understands another, they create an environment for trust and new ideas.”

Day 14

“There’s so much time wasted in meetings,” Newlund says. “Most meetings are simply ways to communicate information to others. They could be a lot more productive.

Meetings should be about making decisions. Clarify the agenda and answer the questions asked by participants: ‘Why should I go to this meeting? Am I coming here to listen, to make a decision, to provide brainstorming?’ Most times people don’t know why they are attending.”

Day 15

“Feedback becomes feared,” Newlund says. “We think if the boss wants to talk to us, something must wrong.” Sharing success will help reinforce what is right.

Leading change If you are successfully leading a team, you still may struggle with leading change. Almost every company is going through major change, and learning to lead through it is the final stage in leadership development.

Day 16

Involve a group of frontline mangers or team members in a discussion about their impressions on what needs to change.

Day 17

Day 18

Describe in one paragraph the key benefits of a change you want to bring about. Address concerns while painting a compelling vision for the reasons behind the change. Explain what can happen if the change is made instead of dwelling on the negative things that can happen if the change isn’t made. People want to see where the team is moving.

Day 19

Develop a communication plan that uses multiple media outlets (speaking, writing, video, intranet, focus groups and bulletin boards). Don’t use just the method that is most comfortable to you as a leader, but one that you can tailor to different groups of people. Members of Generation Y might prefer to hear about a change initiative through texting. Baby Boomers might want a face-to-face meeting. Newlund suggests using “all communication mediums when communicating change: face-to-face meeting, video conferencing, e-mail and print. This way everyone will get the message in the way they prefer.”

Day 20


Nested Technologies is an artificial intelligence firm that applies machine learning and neural network algorithms in fields ranging from architecture, web scraping, to finance.

Our Story

Nested Technologies started because a few bright-eyed team members wanted to write scripts to automate as many mundane office tasks as possible.

The resulting culmination of these scripts turned into machine learning web apps that not only proved useful to the team members who created them, but to their family, friends, and more.

That’s the true story.

What do you do?

We look at resolving old problems with artificial intelligence as the missing piece to the jigsaw puzzle. Because with enough training, we can guess with good confidence the shape of that final piece.

What's in the future?

We are technologists at heart. It doesn’t matter the field of application, whether it’s from construction or finance. Because data is industry neutral. All we care is that our work can benefit those in fields that we have not even heard of today.

― Alan Turing, English computer scientist, and mathematician

Whether we discuss the philosophy of artificial intelligence (AI), or an AI entity's philosophy, we may or may not come up with the same answers. So while we ponder upon these questions, here are photos of two men from very different times thinking about the same thing.

Our works span across a wide variety of fields ranging from construction to finance. Here are some recent projects that we have been working hard on, and we thought we could share them with you.

Autoscrape scrapes for data via methods such as SERP and GMaps, to obtain company names, addresses, and emails. The program then verifies the validity using DNS and SMTP checks to ensure authenticity.

Quantity AI

Quantity AI deploys machine learning to read plan views, identify hatches, and estimate the area using deep learning and semantic segregation, by training the datasets with a thousand images of rooms with hatch patterns.

Three Sigma

Three Sigma researches fields in machine learning to apply algorithms to astronomical sets of data for instruments in the financial market. The quantitative methods intend to generate absolute returns.

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Origins Of The Anzus Treaty

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Getting better all the time: Trends in risk behavior among American adolescents since 1990.

SCIENTIFIC Contrary to the negative narrative in psychology and in the American public, many trends in the risk behaviors of American adolescents have been positive in recent decades. Evidence is presented for positive trends in four areas: substance use, unprotected sex, crime, and hazardous automobile driving. A comparison of American adolescents to older Americans and to adolescents in other developed countries indicates that the pattern of positive trends is distinct to young Americans and does not apply consistently across age groups and countries. Three explanations for the positive trends are considered: the effects of public policies, closer parent–child relationships, and the social consequences of electronic media use. The most promising hypothesis is that a rise in electronic media use led to a decline in unstructured socializing, which led in turn to lower risk behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)


What is Impact Investing?

The mainstream media defines and talks about impact investing in terms of “ESG“, i.e. Environmental, Social, and Governance. Those measures help ensure a company is well managed, but those measures alone don’t explain whether a company is impactful or not. Nor a fund.

Impact” measures whether the investee makes a positive contribution to solving real problems. And here in the 2020s the de facto standard list of those problems are the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

How then do these goals fit into an investment landscape? The following playlist of videos answers that question, starting with the story of Andrew Carnegie and his view of philanthropy, containing into the continuum of investment opportunities that blend impact with expected returns.

In short, impact investing crosses the border between philanthropy and investing, which is why Realize Impact’s Philanthropic Investment Grant service is so popular, as we make it easy to use philanthropic dollars to make impact investments.


Creating a Culture Around a Remote Workforce

By February 16, 2022 Blog No Comments

Creating a Culture Around a Remote Workforce  | Recruiting in Motion

Remote work has become a permanent reality at many companies. However, the impact this will have on collaboration and team cohesion still remains to be seen. How can you support a healthy culture when your workers are scattered to different locations?

It’s a critical question for business leaders in the coming years. The pandemic accelerated a trend towards more flexible working schedules, forcing many companies to adopt remote options as a way to survive the COVID restrictions. Even as the virus has begun to pass, telecommuting has become hardwired into many companies’ operational structures. Now, a majority of all employers (56%) allow some form of remote work.

Meanwhile, employees have come to expect remote options. One study found that one in three employees would quit if they had to come into the office every day. Clearly, it’s important for companies to build a corporate environment that can still thrive in a hybrid future.

With that in mind, here are some tips for creating a culture around a remote workforce that will continue to encourage high productivity and innovation:

Have You Created a Plan for Remote Culture?

Clearly Describe Your Cultural Goals

Set out what you plan to accomplish through your culture. Define your vision and your goals. At the same time, clearly communicate this to your employees and reiterate your values as often as possible.

Set the Tone

Your employees take their cultural cues from you and the other members of your management team. Having a policy isn’t enough. You have to live it day-to-day.

This becomes even more important in a remote work situation. Because of the decentralized structure, your employees have less casual contact with you and other supervisors. As such, every small action they perceive becomes crucial in determining a cultural identity.

Stay in Contact

A remote work structure can make employees feel like they are on an island on their own. It’s up to you to give them a stronger sense of belonging.

Given this dynamic, you should take steps to keep your individual workers involved in the larger project of building your company. Talk to them regularly. Encourage a bond. The circumstances surrounding remote work puts the impetus on you to remain in contact and build up healthy lines of communication.

Use Multiple Forms of Communication

The modern era gives you multiple ways to stay in touch with your remote staff. Individual workers may respond better to some forms of communication rather than others. Make sure that you solidify your corporate culture by reinforcing it through multiple lines of communication

Consider methods like:

  • Text
  • Calls
  • Video Chat
  • Email
  • Social Media Content
  • Content on Your Website
  • In-Person Catch Ups

Celebrate Successes

Give people updates about the general progress of the company. As part of this, find ways to celebrate successes as they happen. This will remind your team members that their hard work contributes to a larger goal. It also reinforces ties to the broader organization.

Beyond team achievements, offer rewards for individual accomplishments. This can take the form of bonuses or additional vacation, or it can simply involve spotlighting their success.

Find Opportunities for Collaboration

Remote work complicates collaboration. The casual exchanges of ideas that happen when people share a physical space become impossible. In general, this makes the process far less organic and spontaneous.

However, there are ways to overcome this challenge. You just have to get more intentional and mindful about the process. Encourage collaboration among your staff members, even in circumstances where it’s not strictly necessary. Adding a team dynamic might sacrifice some efficiency, but the added contact your employees have with each other will boost innovation and provide a more solid cultural foundation.

How is Your Remote Culture?

Having a successful remote culture starts by hiring the right employees. A top staffing agency, like Recruiting In Motion, can bring you the team members you need to maximize your potential.

Contact Recruiting In Motion today to discover the best talent you can find.


China steps up drills in South China Sea

China’s South China Sea fleets have conducted training drills with upgraded methods that resemble actual combat conditions to increase the fleets’ combat effectiveness, according to an article published by the PLA Daily on Sunday.

The fleets will further explore 24-hour maritime attack drills, minimum altitude defensive dashes and other military tactics, the article added. They also will work in coordination with early aerial warnings, surface ships and ground anti-aircraft defence, among other branches of the military.


What is hyperphobia?

hyperphobia It is a psychological disorder characterized by an extreme fear of blood. People with this phobia may experience distress when they see or think of blood. This article will discuss blood phobia, including its diagnosis, causes, and treatments.

Blood phobia, or hemophobia, can lead to an irrational fear of seeing blood. This constant fear causes those who experience blood phobia to experience intense distress when seeing or thinking of blood.

Fifth Edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Classifies hemophobia as a specific phobia. A specific phobia is an anxiety disorder that manifests as a fear of a specific object or situation.

DSM-5 describes the fear of a specific phobia out of proportion to the actual danger posed by a specific situation or object.

Specific phobias are divided into five categories, blood phobia belongs to the category of blood-injection-injury type. Other examples of such phobias are those related to seeing or experiencing harm, or even something as simple as drawing blood.

People with blood phobia only experience symptoms when they see blood.

But for some people, even the thought of blood makes them panic or anxious. This is called anticipation anxiety.

Hyperphobia can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

  • nausea
  • sweat
  • dizzy
  • dizzy
  • palpitations
  • increased heart rate
  • feeling short of breath
  • shake
  • trembling
  • an uncomfortable feeling in the stomach

Those who are afraid of blood can be very distressed and will go to great lengths to avoid situations involving blood.

Hyperphobia was formally diagnosed using the seven criteria listed in the DSM-5. they are:

  1. This fear is persistent and considered irrational or excessive. Fear can occur in the presence of blood or in anticipation of seeing blood.
  2. Seeing blood almost always leads to an anxious reaction. This can include panic attacks. In children, the reaction may take the form of attachment, tantrums, crying, or freezing.
  3. People with blood phobia know that they have an excessive fear of blood (although this may not be the case in children).
  4. The person either avoids blood or experiences intense anxiety and distress when blood is involved.
  5. Fear of blood can seriously disrupt people’s daily lives and may affect their work, study, relationships or social activities. They can be very distressed by blood phobias.
  6. The fear of blood usually persists for at least six months.
  7. The anxiety or behavior associated with blood phobia cannot be explained by other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Not everyone with blood phobia is officially diagnosed.

Many people with blood phobias are aware that they have a phobia and may choose to live their lives without a diagnosis. These people may also go to great lengths to avoid blood or situations involving blood.

This method is not recommended because avoiding blood may make blood phobias worse.

The causes of specific phobias (eg, hyperphobia) are often complex and may be due to a variety of factors, including past experiences, learning histories, and biological factors.

past experience

Some people may develop a blood phobia following a past traumatic experience. For example, a car accident can equate negative emotions with seeing blood and can lead to an irrational fear of blood.

What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?

study history

A learned history may be a factor in the development of blood phobia. There are three forms of learning history, which are:

  • Direct learning experiences refer to specific experiences involving blood. The experience can be traumatic.
  • Observational learning experience refers to learning to fear by watching other people show fear in situations involving blood. This may involve children seeing their parents fear blood and then developing their own fear of blood.
  • Information learning refers to fears that may come from reading or hearing about situations that might be considered dangerous.

Often, studying history is not the only reason for developing a phobia. Other factors, such as genetics and overall mental health, may play a role in the development of phobias.

biological factors

The development of specific phobias may be linked to genetic factors, as it is believed that some people are inherently more prone to anxiety than others.

If someone with hemophobia sees blood, their body may go through a number of biological changes. These changes may include:

  • release cortisol (a major stress hormone)
  • release insulin (the hormone produced in the pancreas that converts glucose into energy)
  • release growth hormone
  • changes in brain activity
  • increased heart rate
  • High blood pressure

Many phobias are treatable or potentially curable. Specific phobias, such as blood phobia, can be treated with desensitization or self-exposure therapy.

This involves a person with blood phobia gradually coming into contact with or involving the surrounding blood. These exposure techniques can be performed with the help of professionals. Other treatment options include psychotherapy, counseling, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Usually, medication is not used to treat phobias. In some cases, it may be prescribed to help with anxiety. Medications that may be prescribed in this situation include beta-blockers, sedatives, and antidepressants.

How to treat phobias?

Having a blood phobia can be distressing, but there are some tips to help you deal with it.

Distraction Skills

Distraction techniques include focusing on other things or performing activities to distract from situations that may involve blood or blood.

These distraction techniques include:

  • read
  • listen to music
  • play games
  • talk with friends
  • texting

Imagining a situation that evokes a sense of calm may be beneficial for someone with blood phobia.

Creating a calm image in the brain and thinking about how it feels in the situation can reduce anxiety.

challenge negative thoughts

Negative thoughts associated with specific phobias can cause anxiety symptoms. By challenging these negative thoughts, people with blood phobia may be better able to cope with their fears.

For example, if you suffer from a blood phobia and think you can’t handle having blood drawn, you can challenge that thinking by reminding yourself that blood tests are a normal procedure that many others go through on a regular basis.

relaxation techniques

When a person with blood phobia thinks about blood or is in a situation involving blood, they may notice that their body is tense and their heart rate increases.

Using relaxation techniques such as muscle relaxation, meditation, and deep breathing may help reduce anxiety.

The exact cause of hyperphobia can be difficult to pin down, but there are things people can do to reduce their fear of blood. Gradual exposure to blood or situations involving blood may help a person desensitize to their irrational fears.

People with blood phobia can also benefit from mindfulness practices that can improve their overall mental health, such as exercising regularly, eating healthy, staying hydrated, and participating in therapy.

VigorTip words

Having any type of phobia can be distressing and interfere with daily life. Hyperphobia can be difficult to deal with, but it can help. Most phobias, including blood phobias, can be cured. Controlling the fear of blood with coping techniques such as deep breathing or challenging negative thoughts may help. If you are concerned about your mental health, or you may have a phobia, talk to a healthcare professional.


What Is a Flow Rack?

Flow RackFlow rack systems are used for high-density storage of palletized inventory. They have elevated rails and incorporate dynamic components, such as wheels, rollers, or conveyors. Flow racks are loaded at the higher end and use gravity to move items into position to be removed as a forklift. Because they leverage gravity, this type of racking is also known as a flow rack.

Why Use a Flow Rack?

Flow racks are an excellent high-density storage solution, which means they can be used to store more inventory in the same amount of space as a standard racking system. Aside from this benefit, flow racks allow for efficient storage and retrieval using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) storage principal. What’s more, because flow racking uses gravity to move pallets into place, it does not require energy consumption.

Where to Turn for a Flow Rack

For top-of-the-line flow racks at exceptional prices, businesses throughout the country turn to Ace Industrial Equipment. We have more than two decades years of experience providing new and used racking and have a reputation for going the extra mile to find the ideal solution for our clients.


University of California San Diego - Bernard.jpg
Location: La Jolla, CA, USA
Faculty advisor: Julian McAuley

The team envisions a future where personal, sensible social conversational agents focus on conversational diversity and consistency in personalized dialogue.

Team Bernard consists of researchers from the Artificial Intelligence Group at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UC San Diego. The research directions and interests of team members cover a broad swathe of artificial intelligence algorithms and domains, including natural language processing, deep learning, data mining, and reinforcement learning. The team has a proven track-record in novel analyses of large datasets with state-of-the-art machine learning methods and developing scalable platforms therefor. As a competitor in the Alexa Prize Challenge, the team envisions a future where personal, sensible social conversational agents focus on conversational diversity and consistency in personalized dialogue.

Bodhisattwa M. - Team Leader

Bodhisattwa is a Ph.D. student, advised by Prof. Julian McAuley at UCSD. His current research focuses on various aspects in Natural Language Generation and Conversational AI tasks - personalization, dialog planning and commonsense reasoning. Prior to UCSD, he was a Research Engineer at Walmart Labs where he developed a large-scale IE system from unstructured texts and images to improve product discovery. He graduated summa cum laude from IIT Kharagpur and co-authored 10+ publications, 4 US patents, and 1 book on NLP and ML applications.

Shuyang L.

Shuyang is a Ph.D. student at UCSD advised by Prof. Julian McAuley, studying contextual text generation, recommender systems for health behaviors, and mining of large online interaction data. Previously he worked at Bloomberg and Goldman Sachs developing models and platforms for large-scale financial data acquisition, storage, and real-time anomaly detection.

Henry M.

Henry is a Ph.D. student at UCSD advised by Prof. Garrison W. Cottrell studying transfer learning and multimodal deep learning. Henry published three papers in neural music generation and interned at Amazon twice as a big data engineer and deep learning researcher. He is currently the co-founder and CTO of a tech startup in the AI space.

Jianmo N.

Jianmo is a 3rd year Ph.D. student working with Julian McAuley. He is interested in NLP and human-centric data mining. He has been working on QA and dialogue systems and did several projects along this line including open-domain QA, generative dialogue state tracking and personalized text generation.

Sophia S.

Sophia Sun is a Ph.D. student working on developing sample-efficient and reliable algorithms for reinforcement learning, advised by prof. Sicun Gao at UCSD. Previously, she worked on computational humanities (at MIT), and machine learning systems in healthcare (at Johns Hopkins University).

Julian Mcauley - Faculty advisor

Julian McAuley is an Associate Professor at UC San Diego, where he has been since 2014. His research is concerned with developing predictive models of human behavior using large volumes of online activity data.

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How do you design and provide right incentives for millions of sellers that inbound and ship billions of customer orders? How do you measure sellers' response to /causal impacts of capacity control policies we implemented at Amazon using the state-of-the-art econometric techniques? How do you optimize Amazon’s third-party supply chain using new ideas never implemented at this scale to benefit millions of customers worldwide? How do you design and evaluate seller assistance to drive their success? If these type of questions get your mind racing, we want to hear from you.Supply Chain Optimization Technologies (SCOT) optimizes Amazon’s global supply chain end to end and build systems to deliver billions of products to our customers’ doorsteps faster every year while saving hundreds of millions of dollars using economics, operational research, machine learning, and scalable distributed software on the Cloud. Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is an Amazon service for our marketplace third party sellers, where our sellers leverage our world-class facilities and provide customers Prime delivery promise on all their goods.We are looking for the next outstanding economist to join our interdisciplinary team of data scientists, research scientists, applied scientists, economists. The ideal candidate combines econometric acumen with strong business judgment. You have versatile modeling skills and are comfortable extracting insights from observational and experimental data. You translate insights into action through proofs-of-concept and partnerships with engineers and data scientists to productionize. You are excited to learn from and alongside seasoned analysts, scientists, engineers, and business leaders. You are an excellent communicator and effectively translate business ideas and technical findings into business action (and customer delight).Key job responsibilitiesProvide data-driven guidance and recommendations on strategic questions facing the FBA leadershipDesign and implement V0 models and experiments to kickstart new initiatives, thinking, and drive system-level changes across AmazonHelp build a long-term research agenda to understand, break down, and tackle the most stubborn and ambiguous business challengesInfluence business leaders and work closely with other scientists at Amazon to deliver measurable progress and change
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A Look Into Delta Air Lines Debt

A Look Into Delta Air Lines Debt

Shares of Delta Air Lines DAL fell by 0.88% in the past three months. Before we understand the importance of debt, let us look at how much debt Delta Air Lines has.

Delta Air Lines's Debt

Based on Delta Air Lines's financial statement as of October 13, 2021, long-term debt is at $25.52 billion and current debt is at $3.40 billion, amounting to $28.92 billion in total debt. Adjusted for $8.79 billion in cash-equivalents, the company's net debt is at $20.13 billion.

Investors look at the debt-ratio to understand how much financial leverage a company has. Delta Air Lines has $72.78 billion in total assets, therefore making the debt-ratio 0.4. Generally speaking, a debt-ratio more than one means that a large portion of debt is funded by assets. As the debt-ratio increases, so the does the risk of defaulting on loans, if interest rates were to increase. Different industries have different thresholds of tolerance for debt-ratios. A debt ratio of 35% might be higher for one industry and normal for another.

Importance Of Debt

Posted In: BZI-DebtNewsIntraday UpdateMarkets


Man Dies After Overdosing On Caffeine

Personal trainer Tom Mansfield, from Colwyn Bay in the UK, was attempting to use caffeine powder to make a health drink when a miscalculation had unintended consequences. The kitchen scales he used to measure the powder had a range of 2 grams to 5,000 grams, and the 29-year-old was attempting to weigh a recommended dose of 60-300mg. His miscalculation led to a massive overdose. The father of two immediately fell ill, and minutes after going to lie down, he began foaming at the mouth. His wife called an ambulance, but it was too late. Paramedics attempted to resuscitate Mansfield for 45 minutes, but he was pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. A postmortem examination showed that Mansfield had caffeine levels of 392mg per liter of blood. Caffeine levels would typically be 2-4mg per liter if someone had a single cup of coffee. His incorrect miscalculation had a fatal effect. Mansfield had purchased a 100g bag of the powder from Blackburn Distributions. Director Ben Blackburn said the powder should be weighed to two decimal places in milligrams, but Mansfield got his math wrong and it cost him his life. The company has since enhanced the usage instructions and increased the prominence of potential side effects.


The opening salvo of a revolutionary comedy series that began as a cult but whose impact reverberated around the globe to become an icon that influenced comedy for the next 50 years, and still does today. Yes, it's ... Monty Python's Flying Circus! Why so current after all this time?

Walking a thin line

I could argue that it's always been current, from the debate around The Life of Brian to the present online removal of an episode of Fawlty Towers by the BBC. One could say that comedy exists to challenge and provoke our sensibilities, to question taboo and highlight prejudice. But in these days of (over)heightened sensitivity, institutions dare not be seen to be standing on the 'wrong' side of the line. The context has changed since the 60s and 70s. While Me Too and Black Lives Matter quite rightly challenge prejudice, 'The Germans' episode of Fawlty Towers has been seized up by the holier-than-thou, channelled into an incongruous context and blown out of all proportion.

Trapped in time

So what does this have to do with language? Everything. Language is a process of communication in a context. The major recalls a visit to a cricket match with a young lady who referred to the Indian cricketers as 'wogs'. "No, no," he tells her, "Wogs are West Indians." Context: an old, ex-military hotel resident, not completely sound of mind and shaped in and by a society of prejudice, with a view of Germans - "don't care for Germans, love German women - good card players" - is symptomatic of his type and generation, and is portrayed with ridicule. In other words, as in The Life of Brian, which was not a critique of Christ but more a warning about false Messiahs if anything, this is a comment about an 'oddity' trapped in time. But to take offence is equally trapped in time - this present time.

Weighted words

I think about a well-worn phrase 'to call a spade a spade' - the meaning is to say it as it is, to be truthful. But, of course, 'spade' has connotations, too. It is also a pejorative term for a black person. We have to be so careful about our choice of words, which change meaning depending on context and time. For a certain generation, 'coloured' was the most respectful term, hence the 1909 foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; today, older people with no intention to offend may accidentally do so through its use. Gay used simply to mean wonderful - still can, actually. But what if you say "I feel gay"? In the context of today, there is only one interpretation. Can you be in someone's black books? Black here is negative in its connotation. Equally, white is perceived in the common consciousness as positive. Can we call a spade a spade? Or do we have to find alternatives to 'weighted' words like black and white? Why is the wicked witch dressed in black and why are white wizards good? I remember Muhammed Ali in an interview asking why angels are always portrayed as white.

Choice by context

At CPLS, we are always sensitive to the words we choose, and while we are careful in our choices from a linguistic perspective, we also realise that the context is the ultimate principle behind that choice. The debate that has resurfaced - the grey area of black and white - in recent days has punched a hole in the media coverage of Covid-19. The pandemic appears to have been temporarily elbowed off the front pages by the Black Lives Matter protests, and tucked away in a corner of the headlines, Cleese, Palin et. al. might be having a little chuckle that the words of their comedy have again been taken on a rather too serious level, blown out of all proportion.

- Chris


The effectiveness of a change initiative is heavily impacted by the effectiveness of those leading it. Less than 30% of major organizational change initiatives achieve the desired result. In this course you’ll examine key strategies to control the impact of change on the business, the organization, the people, the culture and the values in order to achieve desired outcomes.

Who Should Attend

Supervisors, managers, team leads, or project managers

Learning Objectives

  • Recognize the benefit of actively led change
  • Utilize tools to help develop a plan for change actions
  • Develop a communication strategy to facilitate the desired outcomes
  • Formulate plans to develop people to adapt to change

 HRCI™ & SHRM® Credits: 3.5


News Release

Magnetized dead star likely has solid surface

A signature in the X-ray light emitted by a highly magnetised dead star known as a magnetar suggests the star has a solid surface with no atmosphere, according to a new study by an international team involving UCL (University College London) researchers.

Peer-Reviewed Publication

University College London

Artist's impression of a magnetar in the star cluster Westerlund 1.

image: This artist’s impression shows a magnetar in the star cluster Westerlund 1. view more

Credit: ESO/L. Calçada.

The study, published in the journal Science and led by researchers at the University of Padova, uses data from a NASA satellite, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which was launched last December. The satellite, a collaboration between NASA and the Italian Space Agency, provides a new way of looking at X-ray light in space by measuring its polarisation – the direction of the light waves’ wiggle.

The team looked at IXPE’s observation of magnetar 4U 0142+61, located in the Cassiopeia constellation, about 13,000 light years away from Earth. This was the first time polarised X-ray light from a magnetar had been observed.

Magnetars are neutron stars – very dense remnant cores of massive stars that have exploded as supernovae at the ends of their lives. Unlike other neutron stars, they have an immense magnetic field – the most powerful in the universe. They emit bright X-rays and show erratic periods of activity, with the emission of bursts and flares which can release in just one second an amount of energy millions of times greater than our Sun emits in one year. They are believed to be powered by their ultra-powerful magnetic fields, 100 to 1,000 times stronger than standard neutron stars.

The research team found a much lower proportion of polarised light than would be expected if the X-rays passed through an atmosphere. (Polarised light is light where the wiggle is all in the same direction – that is, the electric fields vibrate only in one way. An atmosphere acts as a filter, selecting only one polarisation state of the light.)

The team also found that, for particles of light at higher energies, the angle of polarisation – the wiggle – flipped by exactly 90 degrees compared to light at lower energies, following what theoretical models would predict if the star had a solid crust surrounded by an external magnetosphere filled with electric currents.

Co-lead author Professor Silvia Zane (UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory), a member of the IXPE science team, said: “This was completely unexpected. I was convinced there would be an atmosphere. The star’s gas has reached a tipping point and become solid in a similar way that water might turn to ice. This is a result of the star’s incredibly strong magnetic field.

“But, like with water, temperature is also a factor – a hotter gas will require a stronger magnetic field to become solid.

“A next step is to observe hotter neutron stars with a similar magnetic field, to investigate how the interplay between temperature and magnetic field affects the properties of the star’s surface.”

Lead author Dr Roberto Taverna, from the University of Padova, said: “The most exciting feature we could observe is the change in polarisation direction with energy, with the polarisation angle swinging by exactly 90 degrees.

“This is in agreement with what theoretical models predict and confirms that magnetars are indeed endowed with ultra-strong magnetic fields.”

Quantum theory predicts that light propagating in a strongly magnetised environment is polarised in two directions, parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. The amount and direction of the observed polarisation bear the imprint of the magnetic field structure and of the physical state of matter in the vicinity of the neutron star, providing information inaccessible otherwise.

At high energies, photons (particles of light) polarised perpendicularly to the magnetic field are expected to dominate, resulting in the observed 90-degree polarisation swing.

Professor Roberto Turolla, from the University of Padova, who is also an honorary professor at the UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, said: “The polarisation at low energies is telling us that the magnetic field is likely so strong to turn the atmosphere around the star into a solid or a liquid, a phenomenon known as magnetic condensation.”

The solid crust of the star is thought to be composed of a lattice of ions, held together by the magnetic field. The atoms would not be spherical, but elongated in the direction of the magnetic field.

It is still a subject of debate whether or not magnetars and other neutron stars have atmospheres. However, the new paper is the first observation of a neutron star where a solid crust is a reliable explanation.

Professor Jeremy Heyl of the University of British Columbia (UBC) added: “It is also worth noting that including quantum electrodynamics effects, as we did in our theoretical modelling, gives results compatible with the IXPE observation. Nevertheless, we are also investigating alternative models to explain the IXPE data, for which proper numerical simulations are still lacking.”


Data masking:

static vs dynamic

The problem of data masking comes up surprisingly often in the world of IT. Any time you need to share some potentially sensitive data, you may need to hide, obfuscate, randomize or otherwise dissimulate some of that data -- we'll call that the secret data.

In this article, we're going to focus on the mechanics of data masking, and gloss over a massive issue, which is data classification -- knowing who can access what data. Data classification is a whole different problem, especially in organizations that have huge amounts of sensitive data. I'll refer you to a different article that touches on this topic. For the rest of this article, we'll assume that this problem has been solved, and that we do in fact know who can access what data. The question is -- how do we hide the secret data?

Data masking is not just for databases -- it can be applied to documents, spreadsheets and so on, but here we'll focus on databases.

There are many ways to do data masking, but in general they can be divided into two categories, each one with its own upsides and downsides.

Static masking

Static masking is the simplest solution. Given a data set that contains some secret data, you replicate that data set and edit the replica to mask whatever data needs to be masked.

With a database, the process usually consists of copying the database in question into a new database, and then removing or masking the secret data in the copy. You can then give the copy to the client, and they can do whatever they want with it.

Of course, for a large data set, this may not be a trivial process. Imagine a relational database with thousands of tables and billions of rows (or more). But there are some (expensive) tools that will help you with that process.

It should be obvious that this is a very clean concept. It's the same idea as taking a pair of scissors and cutting out parts of a document. The secret data is simply not present, so there is no risk of leakage. The final user simply does not have the secret data.

For simple databases, you may not even need any tools: a few simple SQL scripts might be enough.

Because the secret data is not present, you can give a physical copy of the masked database to the client and let them run it on their own machines.

The duplication of the data can be a problem. It requires more storage, and it's one more copy of the database floating around. This is not usually a big problem if, for instance, you are releasing a data set to the public, and therefore there will be only one version of the masked data set.

But if different clients have different requirements, you may need to make many copies of the data set, each one with a potentially different set of rules about which data is masked. And of course, if you have different rules for different clients, you now have to worry about each client getting access only to their own custom version of the data set, and not anyone else's. It can get challenging to track all that.

Another problem is that the copies are usually snapshots of the database, and therefore may need to be updated at regular intervals. Each time you do this is an opportunity for a mistake.

Finally, we live in the era of big data. Some data sets are truly enormous, and making a copy of such data sets can be a daunting proposition.

Dynamic masking

Dynamic masking takes a different approach. Instead of making multiple copies of the data, one for each masking scenario, the data is modified on the fly, as it is accessed, thereby providing each user of the same database with a potentially different view of the data.

This obviously assumes that the client does not control the database and is accessing it through some sort of network.

Generally speaking, dynamic masking can be done either by the database itself, or by a layer between the database server and the database client.

For instance, Microsoft SQL Server offers some dynamic data masking capabilities, which may be sufficient for many scenarios. I've gone over data masking in SQL Server in a previous article: it's a powerful feature, but it does have some limitations.

There are some third-party solutions that provide data masking outside of the database, but they typically rely on special drivers or special clients. A more generalized approach is based on proxy filtering, which relies on deep packet inspection and editing to mask data before it reaches the client.

The biggest advantage of dynamic masking is that, in theory at least, it allows you to use just one database for everyone. This solves the issues we identified earlier with static masking.

Dynamic data masking also means that you can update the data masking rules, typically on the fly, and restrict or broaden access to certain data for certain clients at any time. Masking can be dependent on more than just who the user is: it can also depend on their IP address, or the time of day, or what DEFCON level we're at -- you get the picture.

Obviously, clients get access to real-time data, so the problem of data currency disappears.

And because dynamic data masking implies that you are controlling the database, you can (and probably should) also monitor what the clients are doing. This is critical for forensic analysis if there is a problem later on (think Cambridge Analytica).

Dynamic masking is potentially less secure, since users are in fact connecting to a database that contains the secret data. It turns out to be non-trivial to mask data reliably if the client accesses it using a sophisticated query language such as SQL. In fact, Microsoft specifically warns about this issue in their SQL Server documentation. This issue can be brought under control with query control, if that's an option.

Dynamic masking is also a more complex solution overall, with more moving parts. The more complex the solution, the more likely it is that something will go wrong.

As is so often the case, there is no perfect solution: there is only a series of trade-offs that need to be weighed against the requirements.

If your data set is of manageable size (which is very much a relative concept here), it may be practical for you to make a copy of your database and do the masking on the copy. If you're OK with the disadvantages we have outlined, that's a great way to do it. Simple solutions are often the most secure.

But if it's impractical to duplicate the data set, especially if you have multiple clients with multiple masking requirements, then dynamic masking may be your only realistic option. In that case, you'll have to consider whether the database can satisfy your requirements, or whether a third-party solution is required. Even if you end up using the data masking provided by your database, you may still benefit from using a third-party tool to manage permissions and data classifications.


اللغة المصرية ( Egyptian language )

The Egyptian language or Ancient Egyptian (𓂋𓏺𓈖 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 r n km.t) is an extinct Afro-Asiatic language that was spoken in ancient Egypt. It is known today from a large corpus of surviving texts which were made accessible to the modern world following the decipherment of the ancient Egyptian scripts in the early 19th century. Egyptian is one of the earliest written languages, first being recorded in the hieroglyphic script in the late 4th millennium BC. It is also the longest-attested human language, with a written record spanning over 4000 years. Its classical form is known as Middle Egyptian, the vernacular of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt which remained the literary language of Egypt until the Roman period. By the time of classical antiquity the spoken language had evolved into Demotic, and by the Roman era it had diversified into the Coptic dialects. These were eventually supplanted by Arabic after the Muslim conquest of Egypt, although Bohairic Coptic remains in use as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church.


Born in 1943 in Paris, Jean-Philippe Smet was abandoned by his father when he was only 8 months old. His mother entrusted him to his paternal aunt living in Paris. Soon, all the family was moving to London, and Jean-Philippe joined his cousins who were dancers on tour. Through reconstructions, archives and testimonies, Johnny Hallyday, the Wound of a Lifetime sheds a new light on his special bond with Belgium and the pain from his relationship with his family that would haunt him until the end of his life.