/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#include "itkVXLVideoIO.h"


namespace itk
{

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Constructor, Destructor, and Print
//


//
// Constructor
//
VXLVideoIO::VXLVideoIO()
{
  this->ResetMembers();
}


//
// Destructor
//
VXLVideoIO::~VXLVideoIO()
{
  this->FinishReadingOrWriting();
}


//
// PrintSelf
//
void
VXLVideoIO::PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const
{
  Superclass::PrintSelf(os, indent);

  os << indent << "Reader Open: " << this->m_ReaderOpen << std::endl;
  os << indent << "Writer Open: " << this->m_WriterOpen << std::endl;
  os << indent << "Image dimensions: [" << this->m_Dimensions[0] << ',' << this->m_Dimensions[1] << ']' << std::endl;
  os << indent << "Frame Total: " << this->m_FrameTotal << std::endl;
}

//
// FinishReadingOrWriting
//
void
VXLVideoIO::FinishReadingOrWriting()
{
  delete this->m_Writer;
  this->m_Writer = nullptr;
  delete this->m_Reader;
  this->m_Reader = nullptr;

  this->ResetMembers();
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Member Accessors
//


//
// GetPositionInMSec
//
VXLVideoIO::TemporalOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetPositionInMSec() const
{
  return this->m_PositionInMSec;
}

//
// GetRatio
//
VXLVideoIO::TemporalRatioType
VXLVideoIO::GetRatio() const
{
  return this->m_Ratio;
}

//
// GetFrameTotal
//
VXLVideoIO::FrameOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetFrameTotal() const
{
  return this->m_FrameTotal;
}

//
// GetFramesPerSecond
//
VXLVideoIO::TemporalOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetFramesPerSecond() const
{
  return this->m_FramesPerSecond;
}

//
// GetCurrentFrame
//
VXLVideoIO::FrameOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetCurrentFrame() const
{
  return this->m_CurrentFrame;
}

//
// GetIFrameInterval
//
VXLVideoIO::FrameOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetIFrameInterval() const
{
  return this->m_IFrameInterval;
}

//
// GetLastIFrame
//
VXLVideoIO::FrameOffsetType
VXLVideoIO::GetLastIFrame() const
{
  return this->m_LastIFrame;
}

//
// SetCameraIndex
//
void
VXLVideoIO::SetCameraIndex(int idx)
{
  this->m_CameraIndex = idx;
}

//
// GetCameraIndex
//
int
VXLVideoIO::GetCameraIndex()
{
  return this->m_CameraIndex;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Read related methods
//


//
// SetReadFromFile
//
void
VXLVideoIO::SetReadFromFile()
{
  if (!this->m_ReaderOpen && !this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    this->m_ReadType = ReadFromFile;
  }
  else
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Cannot change read type while reader is open");
  }
}

//
// SetReadFromCamera
//
void
VXLVideoIO::SetReadFromCamera()
{
  if (!this->m_ReaderOpen && !this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    this->m_ReadType = ReadFromCamera;
  }
  else
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Cannot change read type while reader is open");
  }
}

//
// CanReadFile
//
bool
VXLVideoIO::CanReadFile(const char * filename)
{
  // Make sure filename is specified
  std::string fname = filename;
  if (fname == "")
  {
    itkDebugMacro("NoFilename specified");
    return false;
  }

  // Check File Extension (container type)
  //
  // Note: For now we only allow avi format, but this isn't right. We need to
  //       support all formats that vxl does (which I believe is some subset
  //       of all the formats that ffmpeg supports)
  bool                   extensionFound = false;
  std::string::size_type extPos = fname.rfind(".avi");
  if (extPos != std::string::npos && extPos == fname.length() - 4)
  {
    extensionFound = true;
  }
  extPos = fname.rfind(".AVI");
  if (extPos != std::string::npos && extPos == fname.length() - 4)
  {
    extensionFound = true;
  }
  if (!extensionFound)
  {
    itkDebugMacro("Unrecognized file extension");
    return false;
  }


  // Try opening to read
  vidl_ffmpeg_istream localStream(filename);
  if (!localStream.is_open())
  {
    return false;
  }

  // Return true if successful
  return true;
}

//
// CanReadCamera
//
bool
VXLVideoIO::CanReadCamera(CameraIDType cameraID) const
{
  itkWarningMacro("For now, camera reading is not supported with VXL:" << cameraID);
  return false;
}


//
// ReadImageInformation
//
void
VXLVideoIO::ReadImageInformation()
{

  // Get information from camera
  if (this->m_ReadType == ReadFromCamera)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("For now, camera reading is not supported with VXL");
  }

  // Get information from file
  else if (this->m_ReadType == ReadFromFile)
  {
    // Set up local stream
    vidl_ffmpeg_istream localStream(this->GetFileName());

    // Populate information
    this->m_FrameTotal = localStream.num_frames();
    this->m_Dimensions.clear();
    this->m_Dimensions.push_back(localStream.width());
    this->m_Dimensions.push_back(localStream.height());
    this->m_PixelFormat = localStream.format();
    this->m_FramesPerSecond = localStream.frame_rate();
    this->m_NumberOfComponents = this->GetNChannelsFromPixelFormat(this->m_PixelFormat);

    // Assing the component type
    unsigned int bytesPerPixel = this->GetSizeFromPixelFormat(this->m_PixelFormat);
    if (bytesPerPixel == 0)
    {
      itkExceptionMacro("Faile to load local steam. FFMPEG libraries seems to be missing in VXL installation.");
    }
    if (bytesPerPixel == 1)
    {
      this->m_ComponentType = IOComponentEnum::UCHAR;
    }
    else if (bytesPerPixel == 2)
    {
      this->m_ComponentType = IOComponentEnum::UINT;
    }
    else
    {
      itkExceptionMacro("Unknown Pixel Component Type");
    }

    // Try to figure out if there are I-Frame issues we need to worry about
    // and compensate accrodingly
    if (this->m_FrameTotal > 0)
    {
      localStream.advance(); // Advance to first frame (0)
      localStream.advance(); // Try to advance to frame 1 and see what we get
      this->m_IFrameInterval = localStream.frame_number();
      if (this->m_IFrameInterval == 0)
      {
        itkExceptionMacro("I-Frame spacing for this video is zeror! Please check input data.");
      }
      this->m_LastIFrame = static_cast<FrameOffsetType>(static_cast<float>(this->m_FrameTotal) /
                                                        static_cast<float>(this->m_IFrameInterval)) *
                             this->m_IFrameInterval -
                           1;

      // If the I-Frame spacing is not 1, warn the user
      if (this->m_IFrameInterval != 1)
      {
        itkWarningMacro("VXL can only seek to I-Frames. I-Frame spacing for this video is "
                        << this->m_IFrameInterval << ". Last I-Frame is " << this->m_LastIFrame);
      }
    }
  }

  // Should never get here
  else
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Invalid Read Type... How did we get here?");
  }
}

//
// Read
//
void
VXLVideoIO::Read(void * buffer)
{

  // Make sure we've already called ReadImageInformation (dimensions are non-zero)
  if (this->m_Dimensions.size() != 2 || this->m_Dimensions[0] == 0 || this->m_Dimensions[1] == 0)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Cannot read frame with zero dimension. May need to call ReadImageInformation");
  }

  // If video is not already open, open it and keep it open
  if (!this->m_ReaderOpen)
  {
    this->OpenReader();
  }

  // Advance to the next frame if possible
  if (!this->m_Reader->advance())
  {
    itkDebugMacro("Could not advance to the next frame");
  }

  // Read the current frame
  this->m_VIDLFrame = this->m_Reader->current_frame();

  // Check to see if the pixel format needs converting at all
  if (!this->PixelFormatSupported(this->m_PixelFormat))
  {

    // Convert to RGBA (4 channels), RGB (3 channels), or mono (1 channel)
    unsigned int pixelSize = GetSizeFromPixelFormat(this->m_PixelFormat);
    if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 4)
    {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "RGBA " << pixelSize * 8 * 4;
      this->m_VIDLFrame = vidl_convert_frame(this->m_VIDLFrame, vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str()));
    }
    else if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 3)
    {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "RGB " << pixelSize * 8 * 3;
      this->m_VIDLFrame = vidl_convert_frame(this->m_VIDLFrame, vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str()));
    }
    else if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 1)
    {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "MONO " << pixelSize * 8;
      this->m_VIDLFrame = vidl_convert_frame(this->m_VIDLFrame, vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
    else
    {
      itkExceptionMacro("Unsupported Pixel Format " << vidl_pixel_format_to_string(this->m_PixelFormat));
    }
  }

  // Copy the data to the buffer
  size_t bufferSize = this->m_VIDLFrame->size();
  memcpy(buffer, this->m_VIDLFrame->data(), bufferSize);
}


//
// SetNextFrameToRead
//
bool
VXLVideoIO::SetNextFrameToRead(FrameOffsetType frameNumber)
{
  // If the reader isn't open, open it
  if (!this->m_ReaderOpen)
  {
    this->OpenReader();
  }

  // Make sure we're not setting past the end
  if (frameNumber > this->m_LastIFrame)
  {
    itkDebugMacro("Warning: Trying to seek past end of video (past last I-Frame)");
    return false;
  }

  if (this->m_Reader->is_open())
  {
    this->m_Reader->seek_frame(frameNumber);
    this->UpdateReaderProperties();
    this->Modified();

    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Write related methods
//


//
// CanWriteFile
//
bool
VXLVideoIO::CanWriteFile(const char * filename)
{

  // Make sure reader is closed
  if (this->m_ReaderOpen)
  {
    itkWarningMacro("Can't write anything if reader is open");
    return false;
  }

  // Make sure filename is specified
  std::string fname = filename;
  if (fname == "")
  {
    itkWarningMacro("No Filename specified");
    return false;
  }

  // Check File Extension (container type)
  //
  // Note: For now we only allow avi format, but this isn't right. We need to
  //       support all formats that vxl does (which I believe is some subset
  //       of all the formats that ffmpeg supports)
  bool                   extensionFound = false;
  std::string::size_type extPos = fname.rfind(".avi");
  if (extPos != std::string::npos && extPos == fname.length() - 4)
  {
    extensionFound = true;
  }
  extPos = fname.rfind(".AVI");
  if (extPos != std::string::npos && extPos == fname.length() - 4)
  {
    extensionFound = true;
  }
  if (!extensionFound)
  {
    itkWarningMacro("Unrecognized file extension " << fname);
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

//
// WriteImageInformation
//
void
VXLVideoIO::WriteImageInformation()
{
  // Don't do anything
}

//
// SetWriterParameters
//
void
VXLVideoIO::SetWriterParameters(TemporalRatioType                  fps,
                                const std::vector<SizeValueType> & dim,
                                const char *                       fourCC,
                                unsigned int                       nChannels,
                                IOComponentEnum                    componentType)
{
  if (this->m_ReaderOpen || this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not set the writer's parameters when either reader or writer is already open");
  }

  if (componentType != IOComponentEnum::UCHAR && IOComponentEnum::componentType != UINT)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("VXL IO only supports writing video with pixels of UCHAR and UINT");
  }
  else
  {
    this->m_ComponentType = componentType;
  }

  if (dim.size() != 2)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("VXL IO only supports 2D video");
  }
  this->m_Dimensions.clear();
  this->m_Dimensions.push_back(dim[0]);
  this->m_Dimensions.push_back(dim[1]);

  this->m_FramesPerSecond = fps;
  this->m_Encoder = this->FourCCtoEncoderType(fourCC);
  this->m_NumberOfComponents = nChannels;

  // Figure out the right pixel type to write out
  if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 4)
  {
    this->m_PixelType = IOPixelEnum::RGBA;
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "RGBA " << this->m_NumberOfComponents * this->GetComponentSize() * 8;
    this->m_PixelFormat = vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str());
  }
  else if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 3)
  {
    this->m_PixelType = IOPixelEnum::RGB;
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "RGB " << this->m_NumberOfComponents * this->GetComponentSize() * 8;
    this->m_PixelFormat = vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str());
  }
  else if (this->m_NumberOfComponents == 1)
  {
    this->m_PixelType = IOPixelEnum::SCALAR;
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "MONO " << this->m_NumberOfComponents * this->GetComponentSize() * 8;
    this->m_PixelFormat = vidl_pixel_format_from_string(ss.str());
  }
  else
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Invalid number of channels " << this->m_NumberOfComponents);
  }
}

//
// Write
//
void
VXLVideoIO::Write(const void * buffer)
{
  // Make sure parameters are specified
  if (this->m_FramesPerSecond == 0 || this->m_Dimensions.size() != 2 || this->m_Encoder == 0)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not write with empty parameters. You probably need to call SetWriterParameters");
  }

  // If the writer isn't open yet, open it
  if (!this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    this->OpenWriter();
  }

  // Create the output frame
  this->m_VIDLFrame = new vidl_shared_frame(
    const_cast<void *>(buffer), this->m_Dimensions[0], this->m_Dimensions[1], this->m_PixelFormat);

  // Write the frame out
  this->m_Writer->write_frame(this->m_VIDLFrame);
}


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Protected methods
//

//
// GetNChannelsFromPixelFormat
//
unsigned int
VXLVideoIO::GetNChannelsFromPixelFormat(vidl_pixel_format fmt)
{

  vidl_pixel_traits traits = vidl_pixel_format_traits(fmt);
  return traits.num_channels;
}

//
// GetSizeFromPixelFormat
//
unsigned int
VXLVideoIO::GetSizeFromPixelFormat(vidl_pixel_format fmt)
{

  vidl_pixel_traits traits = vidl_pixel_format_traits(fmt);
  return traits.bits_per_pixel / 8;
}

//
// PixelFormatSupported
//
bool
VXLVideoIO::PixelFormatSupported(vidl_pixel_format fmt)
{
  // Get a string representation of the format
  std::string s = vidl_pixel_format_to_string(fmt);
  vul_reg_exp reRGB(".*_RGB_.*");
  if (reRGB.find(s))
  {
    return true;
  }
  vul_reg_exp reRGBA(".*_RGBA_.*");
  if (reRGBA.find(s))
  {
    return true;
  }
  vul_reg_exp reMONO(".*_MONO_.*");
  if (reMONO.find(s))
  {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

//
// FourCCtoEncoderType
//
vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::encoder_type
VXLVideoIO::FourCCtoEncoderType(const char * fourCC)
{
  if (!strcmp(fourCC, "DIVX"))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::MPEG4;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(fourCC, "MP42"))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::MSMPEG4V2;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(fourCC, "MP2V"))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::MPEG2VIDEO;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(fourCC, "DVCS"))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::DVVIDEO;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(fourCC, "Ljpg"))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::LJPEG;
  }
  else if (!strcmp(fourCC, "raw "))
  {
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::RAWVIDEO;
  }
  else
  {
    itkWarningMacro("Unknown FourCC: " << fourCC);
    return vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::DEFAULT;
  }
}

//
// UpdateReaderProperties
//
void
VXLVideoIO::UpdateReaderProperties()
{
  this->m_CurrentFrame = this->m_Reader->frame_number();

  this->m_Ratio = static_cast<double>(this->m_CurrentFrame) / static_cast<double>(this->m_FrameTotal);
  this->m_PositionInMSec = this->m_Reader->duration() * this->m_Ratio;
}

//
// OpenReader
//
void
VXLVideoIO::OpenReader()
{
  if (this->m_ReaderOpen)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not open reader while video is already open for reading");
  }

  if (this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not open reader while video is already open for writing");
  }

  // If neither reader nor writer is currently open, open the reader
  if (this->m_ReadType == ReadFromFile)
  {
    this->m_Reader = new vidl_ffmpeg_istream();
    this->m_Reader->open(this->GetFileName());
    if (this->m_Reader->is_open())
    {
      this->m_ReaderOpen = true;
    }
    else
    {
      itkExceptionMacro("Video failed to open");
    }
  }

  // Read from camera
  else if (this->m_ReadType == ReadFromCamera)
  {
    itkWarningMacro("VXL camera not currently implemented");
  }
}

//
// OpenWriter
//
void
VXLVideoIO::OpenWriter()
{
  if (this->m_WriterOpen)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not open writer while video is already open for writing");
  }

  if (this->m_ReaderOpen)
  {
    itkExceptionMacro("Can not open writer while video is already open for reading");
  }

  vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params parameters;
  parameters.frame_rate_ = this->m_FramesPerSecond;
  parameters.ni_ = this->m_Dimensions[0];
  parameters.nj_ = this->m_Dimensions[1];
  parameters.encoder_ = this->m_Encoder;

  this->m_Writer = new vidl_ffmpeg_ostream(this->GetFileName(), parameters);

  this->m_WriterOpen = true;
}

//
// ResetMembers
//
void
VXLVideoIO::ResetMembers()
{
  this->m_PixelFormat = VIDL_PIXEL_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
  this->m_VIDLFrame = 0;
  this->m_VIDLFrame = 0;
  this->m_Encoder = vidl_ffmpeg_ostream_params::DEFAULT;
  this->m_Reader = nullptr;
  this->m_Writer = nullptr;
  this->m_WriterOpen = false;
  this->m_ReaderOpen = false;
  this->m_FramesPerSecond = 0;
  this->m_Dimensions.clear();
  this->m_FrameTotal = 0;
  this->m_CurrentFrame = 0;
  this->m_IFrameInterval = 0;
  this->m_LastIFrame = 0;

  // Default to reading from a file
  this->m_ReadType = ReadFromFile;
  this->m_CameraIndex = 0;

  // Members from ImageIOBase
  this->m_PixelType = IOPixelEnum::SCALAR;
  this->m_ComponentType = IOComponentEnum::UCHAR;
  this->SetNumberOfDimensions(2);
  this->m_Spacing[0] = 1.0;
  this->m_Spacing[1] = 1.0;
  this->m_Origin[0] = 0.0;
  this->m_Origin[1] = 0.0;
}


} // end namespace itk
