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 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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//  Software Guide : BeginCommandLineArgs
//    INPUTS:  {BrainProtonDensitySlice.png}
//    INPUTS:  {ThresholdSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterVentricle.png}
//    OUTPUTS: {LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterVentricle.png}
//    ARGUMENTS:    10 2.0 1 127.5 15
//  Software Guide : EndCommandLineArgs

// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// \index{itk::Laplacian\-Segmentation\-Level\-Set\-Image\-Filter}
//
// The \doxygen{LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter} defines a speed
// term based on second derivative features in the image.  The speed term is
// calculated as the Laplacian of the image values.  The goal is to attract
// the evolving level set surface to local zero-crossings in the
// Laplacian image.  Like \doxygen{CannySegmentationLevelSetImageFilter},
// this filter is more suitable for refining existing segmentations than as a
// stand-alone, region growing algorithm.  It is possible to perform region
// growing segmentation, but be aware that the growing surface may tend to
// become ``stuck'' at local edges.
//
// The propagation (speed) term for the
// LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter is constructed by applying the
// \doxygen{LaplacianImageFilter} to the input feature image.  One nice
// property of using the Laplacian is that there are no free parameters in
// the calculation.
//
// LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter expects two inputs.  The
// first is an initial level set in the form of an \doxygen{Image}. The second
// input is the feature image $g$ from which the propagation term is
// calculated (see Equation~\ref{eqn:LevelSetEquation}).  Because the filter
// performs a second derivative calculation, it is generally a good idea to do
// some preprocessing of the feature image to remove noise.
//
// Figure~\ref{fig:LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterDiagram} shows how
// the image processing pipeline is constructed.  We read two images: the
// image to segment and the image that contains the initial implicit surface.
// The goal is to refine the initial model from the second input to better
// match the structure represented by the initial implicit surface (a prior
// segmentation).  The \code{feature} image is preprocessed using an
// anisotropic diffusion filter.
//
// \begin{figure} \center
// \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterCollaborationDiagram1}
// \itkcaption[LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter collaboration
// diagram]{An image processing pipeline using
// LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter for segmentation.}
// \label{fig:LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterDiagram}
// \end{figure}
//
// Let's start by including the appropriate header files.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex

#include "itkImage.h"

// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
#include "itkLaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.h"
#include "itkGradientAnisotropicDiffusionImageFilter.h"
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

#include "itkFastMarchingImageFilter.h"
#include "itkBinaryThresholdImageFilter.h"
#include "itkImageFileReader.h"
#include "itkImageFileWriter.h"
#include "itkZeroCrossingImageFilter.h"

int
main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  if (argc < 9)
  {
    std::cerr << "Missing Parameters " << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0];
    std::cerr << " InputImage  InitialModel OutputImage";
    std::cerr << " DiffusionIterations ";
    std::cerr << " DiffusionConductance ";
    std::cerr << " PropagationWeight";
    std::cerr << " InitialModelIsovalue";
    std::cerr << " MaximumIterations" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  We define the image type using a particular pixel type and
  //  dimension. In this case we will use 2D \code{float} images.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using InternalPixelType = float;
  constexpr unsigned int Dimension = 2;
  using InternalImageType = itk::Image<InternalPixelType, Dimension>;
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  using OutputPixelType = unsigned char;
  using OutputImageType = itk::Image<OutputPixelType, Dimension>;
  using ThresholdingFilterType =
    itk::BinaryThresholdImageFilter<InternalImageType, OutputImageType>;

  auto thresholder = ThresholdingFilterType::New();

  thresholder->SetUpperThreshold(10.0);
  thresholder->SetLowerThreshold(0.0);

  thresholder->SetOutsideValue(0);
  thresholder->SetInsideValue(255);

  using ReaderType = itk::ImageFileReader<InternalImageType>;
  using WriterType = itk::ImageFileWriter<OutputImageType>;

  auto reader1 = ReaderType::New();
  auto reader2 = ReaderType::New();
  auto writer = WriterType::New();

  reader1->SetFileName(argv[1]);
  reader2->SetFileName(argv[2]);
  writer->SetFileName(argv[3]);

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  The input image will be processed with a few iterations of
  //  feature-preserving diffusion.  We create a filter and set the
  //  parameters. The number of iterations and the conductance parameter are
  //  taken from the command line.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using DiffusionFilterType =
    itk::GradientAnisotropicDiffusionImageFilter<InternalImageType,
                                                 InternalImageType>;
  auto diffusion = DiffusionFilterType::New();
  diffusion->SetNumberOfIterations(std::stoi(argv[4]));
  diffusion->SetTimeStep(0.125);
  diffusion->SetConductanceParameter(std::stod(argv[5]));
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  The following lines define and instantiate a
  //  LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterType =
    itk::LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter<InternalImageType,
                                                  InternalImageType>;
  LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterType::Pointer
    laplacianSegmentation =
      LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterType::New();
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  // As with the other ITK level set segmentation filters, the terms of the
  // LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter level set equation can be
  // weighted by scalars.  For this application we will modify the relative
  // weight of the propagation term.  The curvature term weight is set to its
  // default of $1$.  The advection term is not used in this filter.
  //
  //  \index{itk::Laplacian\-Segmentation\-Level\-Set\-Image\-Filter!SetPropagationScaling()}
  //  \index{itk::Segmentation\-Level\-Set\-Image\-Filter!SetPropagationScaling()}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  //  Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  laplacianSegmentation->SetCurvatureScaling(1.0);
  laplacianSegmentation->SetPropagationScaling(std::stod(argv[6]));
  //  Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  The maximum number of iterations is set from the command line.  It may
  //  not be desirable in some applications to run the filter to
  //  convergence.  Only a few iterations may be required.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  laplacianSegmentation->SetMaximumRMSError(0.002);
  laplacianSegmentation->SetNumberOfIterations(std::stoi(argv[8]));
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  // Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  // Finally, it is very important to specify the isovalue of the surface in
  // the initial model input image. In a binary image, for example, the
  // isosurface is found midway between the foreground and background values.
  //
  // Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  laplacianSegmentation->SetIsoSurfaceValue(std::stod(argv[7]));
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  The filters are now connected in a pipeline indicated in
  //  Figure~\ref{fig:LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterDiagram}.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  diffusion->SetInput(reader1->GetOutput());
  laplacianSegmentation->SetInput(reader2->GetOutput());
  laplacianSegmentation->SetFeatureImage(diffusion->GetOutput());
  thresholder->SetInput(laplacianSegmentation->GetOutput());
  writer->SetInput(thresholder->GetOutput());
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Invoking the \code{Update()} method on the writer triggers the
  //  execution of the pipeline.  As usual, the call is placed in a
  //  \code{try/catch} block to handle any exceptions that may be thrown.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  try
  {
    writer->Update();
  }
  catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & excep)
  {
    std::cerr << "Exception caught !" << std::endl;
    std::cerr << excep << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  // Print out some useful information
  std::cout << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Max. no. iterations: "
            << laplacianSegmentation->GetNumberOfIterations() << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Max. RMS error: "
            << laplacianSegmentation->GetMaximumRMSError() << std::endl;
  std::cout << std::endl;
  std::cout << "No. elpased iterations: "
            << laplacianSegmentation->GetElapsedIterations() << std::endl;
  std::cout << "RMS change: " << laplacianSegmentation->GetRMSChange()
            << std::endl;

  // Write out the speed (propagation) image for parameter tuning purposes.
  itk::ImageFileWriter<InternalImageType>::Pointer speedWriter =
    itk::ImageFileWriter<InternalImageType>::New();
  speedWriter->SetInput(laplacianSegmentation->GetSpeedImage());
  speedWriter->SetFileName("speedImage.mha");
  speedWriter->Update();

  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  We can use this filter to make some subtle refinements to the ventricle
  //  segmentation from the example using the filter
  //  \doxygen{ThresholdSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter}.  This application
  //  was run using \code{Examples/Data/BrainProtonDensitySlice.png} and
  //  \code{Examples/Data/VentricleModel.png} as inputs.  We used $10$
  //  iterations of the diffusion filter with a conductance of 2.0.  The
  //  propagation scaling was set to $1.0$ and the filter was run until
  //  convergence.  Compare the results in the rightmost images of
  //  Figure~\ref{fig:LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter} with the
  //  ventricle segmentation from
  //  Figure~\ref{fig:ThresholdSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter} shown in the
  //  middle.  Jagged edges are straightened and the small spur at the upper
  //  right-hand side of the mask has been removed.
  //
  //  \begin{figure}
  //  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{BrainProtonDensitySlice}
  //  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{ThresholdSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterVentricle}
  //  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilterVentricle}
  //  \itkcaption[Segmentation results of
  //  LaplacianLevelSetImageFilter]{Results of applying
  //  LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter to a prior ventricle
  //  segmentation.  Shown from left to right are the original image, the
  //  prior segmentation of the ventricle from
  //  Figure~\ref{fig:ThresholdSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter}, and the
  //  refinement of the prior using LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.}
  //  \label{fig:LaplacianSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter}
  //  \end{figure}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
